Tenjiku Tokube
The Figure of Tokube which was Formed in Sakoku (National Isolation)
Tokube’s first voyage to a foreign country was in the autumn of 1626. The ship carried 397 people amd departed from Nagasaki.The destination was southern Siam (modern day Thailand). The voyage at this time was 140 days, and he came back to Nagasaki after staying about one year. Tokube went to Siam again in 1630 and he met Nagamasa Yamada(1) (a leader of a Japanese town in Siam) at this time.
Tokube was an avid reader since childhood and he was excellent at writing. His father was a salt merchant and he often went to Osaka together with his father. At the age of 15, he was hired as a secretary of a Shuinsen ship(2). It was 10 years before Sakoku (the National Seclusion).
In those days, there were only nine Shuinsen ships(2). So very few people had any knowledge about the outside world during this time. The destinations of Shuinsen ship were Taiwan, Macau, Luzon and Siam. These southern countries were called Tenjiku at that time in Japan.
Tokube compiled interesting stories which heard into two books. These books were Tenjiku Mononagari (the stories about South-East Asians) and Tenjiku Tokai Monogatari (the stories about sailing to South-East Asia). The stories in these books startled people. In these books, there are following stories:
`The Southern Cross was impressively beautiful. I met Nagamasa Yamada in Siam. Three rice harvests in a year are possible. The palm water is delicious` and so on.
These were the stories which nobody believed at that time. However, Tokube was fairly troubled by the heat in Siam and wrote it as follows. `It is too hot in Siam. If a man falls down from a car in Siam, the man dies in the flames and becomes a mummy.`
Then, taking advantages of his overseas experience, Tokube started a store selling foreign goods in Osaka. At an advanced age, he became a priest and called himself Soshin. It was said that he died at the age of 83. But, the exact years of Tokube`s birth and death remain unknown. It is said that he was born in 1610 and died around 1700.
Tokube’s grave is located within the precincts of Zenryu-ji temple in Takasago City, and there is an inscription dating to August 7th 1695 on his grave stone. Moreover, a piece of Pattra which was brought home from Tenjiku is left in Jurin-ji temple. Pattra is a sutra printed on cloth made from Basho (a kind of banana plant). Only two pieces of Pattra are left in Japan.
Tokube became famous after his death. In the Edo period, professional storytellers talked amusingly about his experiences. His story was taken up by Kabuki(3) in the middle of the Edo period. Tenjiku Ikoku Monogatari (the story based on his experience in Tenjiku) in Kabuki became a great success and his name came to be known all over Japan.
Notes
(1) ? ~ 1630. He flourished at the beginning of the Edo period as a leader of a Japanese town in Siam (Thailand). He contributed to trade with Japan.
(2) The ship which has an authorization (Shuin-jo)for trade is called a Shuinsen ship. This trade was begun by Hideyoshi Toyotomi, but this trade stopped with the adoption of Sakoku (the national isolation).
(3) A style of drama which originated in the Edo period. At the beginning of the Edo period, Okuni in Izumo (Shimane Pref.) began.
*picture:The Tomb of Tenjiku Tokube