後藤俊瑞 『朱子の実践哲学 哲学篇』

　2013年01月03日「馮友蘭 『中国哲学史新編』 第五冊」より続き。

　換言すれば一つの陰陽は其の形相を太極に得、その質料を一気に得来る。陰陽の生成に当っては太極は形相因としてはたらき、一気は質料因としてはたらくと為したと思ふのである。　（第一篇第三章「本体概念の二表現形態に於ける内面的統一性」　本書88頁。原文旧漢字）

　すこしの事にも先達はあらまほしきことなり。馮は後藤のこの著を知ってか知らずか。

（目黒書店　1937年10月）

René Descartes, "Discourse on the Method", Part 1 - Wikisource

　https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Discourse_on_the_Method/Part_1

　good sense（bon sens）＝reason ということがわかる。

　　Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed; for every one thinks himself so abundantly provided with it, that those even who are the most difficult to satisfy in everything else, do not usually desire a larger measure of this quality than they already possess. And in this it is not likely that all are mistaken: the conviction is rather to be held as testifying that the power of judging aright and of distinguishing truth from error, which is properly what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men; and that the diversity of our opinions, consequently, does not arise from some being endowed with a larger share of reason than others, but solely from this, that we conduct our thoughts along different ways, and do not fix our attention on the same objects.　（下線は引用者）

John B. Henderson, "The Development and Decline of Chinese Cosmology"

　「天人相関説」を"correlative thinking/thought"と訳す。

（Taipei: Windstone Press, Apr. 2011）。

Individualism in Classical Chinese Thought - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

　http://www.iep.utm.edu/ind-chin/

　　Unlike individualism in modern European and American contexts, Chinese manifestations of “individualism” do not stress an individual’s separation, total independence, and uniqueness from external authorities of power. Rather, the Chinese tradition focuses on the individual as a vitally integrated element within a larger familial, social, political, and cosmic whole.

　末尾の'References and Further Reading'が有益。

Donald J. Munro, "The concept of man in early China"

　出版社による紹介。

　「人」および「仁」の定義。伝統中国ではついに為されなかったこと。

（Univ of Michigan Center for Chinese; Revised, Dec. 2001）

Robert Rogan, "The Alphabet Effect"

　副題："The Impact of the Phonetic Alphabet on the Development of Western Civilization."

　 Using the alphabet, as we shall soon discover, also entails the ability to: 1) code and decode, 2) convert auditory signals or sounds into vidual signs, 3) think deductively, 4) classify information, and 5) order words through the process of alphabetization.　 ('Chapter 1: Alphabet, Mother of Invention', p. 21)　

　まるで良いことずくめである。
　途中、章を立てて中国語についても言及がある。 　

　 Chinese thinking is considerably more concrete and less abstract than Western thought. Chinese logic is based on analogy and induction rather than matching and deduction. Chinese mathematics is more algebraic than geometric.　 ('Chapter 3: A Comparison of Eastern and Western Writing Systems and Their Impact on Cultural Patterns', p. 48)

　下線は引用者。

（St Martins Pr, September 1987)

Donald J. Munro (Editor) , "Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values"

　　Individuality or uniqueness as a value have a history in China.　 ('Introduction', by Donald J. Munro, p. 4)

　私とは異なる意見。

　　The implication is that the European expectations of emotional uniqueness may have been arbitrary, and once Eueopean model is challenged in this way, it in turn raises the complementary question of whether 'ratonal thinking' may differentiate persons as much as the emotions do.>　 (ibid., p. 6)

　下線は引用者。

（U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES; 1St Edition edition, January 1, 1985)

"synteresis"- Wiktionary

　https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synteresis

　　An aspect of one's conscience by which one can judge wrong from right and decide on what makes good conduct.

　王陽明が言う「良知」に似ている。日本語ではまさに「良知良能」と訳されているわけだが。どちらも『孟子』に由来する言葉である。

　　孟子曰：“人之所不学而能者，其良能也；所不虑而知者，其良知也。孩提之童无不知爱其亲者，及其长也，无不知敬其兄也。亲亲，仁也；敬长，义也；无他，达之天下也。”　（「尽心上」　下線は引用者）