How did the world come to be divided into industrial countries and agricultural countries? Did this result from geographical resources,economic forces,military forces,some international conspiracy ,or what?
The phrase "international economic order" is vague,but nothing would be gained by trying to define it precisely. What I am trying to do is to talk about certain element of the relationship between the developing and developed countries which・・・.
Professor Ostrom’s work rebutted fundamental economic beliefs. But to say she was a dark horse for the 2009 economics Nobel is an understatement. Not because she was a woman ― although women in the field are still rare ― but because she was trained in political science.
“The announcement of her prize caused amazement to several economists, including some prominent colleagues, who had never even heard of her,” Avinash Dixit, a Princeton economics professor, said when introducing Professor Ostrom’s work at a luncheon in 2011. Usually, he noted, Nobel laureates need no introduction.
“Some things said about her in blogs and other media were so ignorant and in such bad taste that I felt ashamed on behalf of the economics profession,” Mr. Dixit said.
“A lot of important questions are on the narrow borders between disciplines, but it is difficult to find a home for that kind of work,” said Marco Janssen, a mathematician at Arizona State University who collaborated with Professor Ostrom. “She had experienced many of these challenges over the years. Eventually she and her husband just created their own center for it.”
Traditionally, economics taught that common ownership of resources results in excessive exploitation, as when fishermen overfish a common pond. This is the so-called tragedy of the commons, and it suggests that common resources must be managed either through privatization or government regulation, in the form of taxes, say, or limits on use.
Professor Ostrom studied cases around the world in which communities successfully regulated resource use through cooperation. Her work has important applications for climate change policy today.
The point here is that we debased the US dollar in the bubble boom from 1983
to 2007 by allowing debt (which creates dollars out of thin air in the banking
system) to grow at 2.65 times the rate of economic growth for two and a half
decades! Creating more dollars than economic growth makes dollars less valuable. When we destroy such debt and dollars in the downturn and debt
deleveraging cycle ahead, dollars will become more scarce and, hence, more
valuable again.
Even states and local municipalities will have to cut costs and pare down debt to survive, and those actions are deflationary as well. Deflation means that you need entirely different investment and business strategies,・・・
州政府や地方自治体も生き残るためにコスト削減や債務圧縮が避けられない。
デフレとなれば，投資やビジネスにおける戦略も全く異なったものになる。
We say that gold and silver are inflation hedges, not deflation hedges. Silver could fall from the $50 seen recently to as low as $6 to $10 in the years ahead. Gold could fall from $1,900-$2,000 to a wider range of $250-$750.
Oil could fall from a high such as $147 in 2008 to as low as $10-$40.
原油は，08年の147ドルから10ドル～40ドルまで下げるかも。
We advise being in safe assets like very-short-term US Treasuries and T-bills, and, better,the US Dollar Index, to preserve your capital―and even more so if you are overseas, to benefit from the likely rise in the US dollar vs. your currency in the years ahead. We think that the greatest risks among all assets to fall in the next 2 to 3 years during “The Great Crash Ahead” could be in silver and gold!
NEW YORK (MarketWatch) ― In a warning sign that the outperforming luxury sector may be showing some signs of strain, Tiffany & Co. on Tuesday cut its full-year profit outlook after holiday season sales of fine jewelry slowed “markedly” in the U.S. and Europe.
Tiffany’s worldwide sales in the two months ended Dec. 31 rose 7% to $952 million, led by double-digit growth in Asia and Japan. Excluding the currency impact, comparable sales rose 4%.
In the Americas region, which includes the United States, Canada and Latin America, sales rose 4% to $503 million. On a constant-exchange-rate basis, total sales increased 4% and comparable store sales rose 2%. Comparable Americas’ branch store sales rose 3% and New York flagship store sales, about 8% of the company’s total, declined 1%.
