Part 6（設問： ポスター完成）
【參照のため再録】
1.1 You are working on a class project about safety in sports and found the following article.
1.2 You are reading it and making a poster to present your findings to your classmates.
1.3 Making Ice Hockey Safer
1 パラ
1.4 Ice hockey is a team sport enjoyed by a wide variety of people around the world.
1.5 The object of the sport is to move a hard rubber disk called a “puck” into the other team’s net with a hockey stick.
1.6 Two teams with six players on each team engage in this fast-paced sport on a hard and slippery ice rink.
1.7 Players may reach a speed of 30 kilometers per hour sending the puck into the air.
1.8 At this pace, both the players and the puck can be a cause of serious danger.
２パラ
2.1 The speed of the sport and the slippery surface of the ice rink make it easy for players to fall down or bump into each other resulting in a variety of injuries.
2.2 In an attempt to protect players, equipment such as helmets, gloves, and pads for the shoulders, elbows, and legs, has been introduced over the years.
2.3 Despite these efforts, ice hockey has a high rate of concussions.
３パラ
2.4 A concussion is an injury to the brain that affects the way it functions; it is caused by either direct or indirect impact to the head, face, neck, or elsewhere and can sometimes cause temporary loss of consciousness.
2.5 In less serious cases, for a short time, players may be unable to walk straight or see clearly, or they may experience ringing in the ears.
2.6 Some believe they just have a slight headache and do not realize they have injured their brains.
４パラ
3.1 In addition to not realizing the seriousness of the injury, players tend to worry about what their coach will think.
3.2 In the past, coaches preferred tough players who played in spite of the pain.
3.3 In other words, while it would seem logical for an injured player to stop playing after getting hurt, many did not.
3.4 Recently, however, it has been found that concussions can have serious effects that last a lifetime.
3.5 People with a history of concussion may have trouble concentrating or sleeping.
3.6 Moreover, they may suffer from psychological problems such as depression and mood changes.
3.7 In some cases, players may develop smell and taste disorders.
５パラ
4.1 The National Hockey League (NHL), consisting of teams in Canada and the United States, has been making stricter rules and guidelines to deal with concussions.
4.2 For example, in 2001, the NHL introduced the wearing of visors－pieces of clear plastic attached to the helmet that protect the face.
4.3 At first, it was optional and many players chose not to wear them.
4.4 Since 2013, however, it has been required.
4.5 In addition, in 2004, the NHL began to give more severe penalties, such as suspensions and fines, to players who hit another player in the head deliberately.
６パラ
5.1 The NHL also introduced a concussion spotters system in 2015.
5.2 In this system, NHL officials with access to live streaming and video replay watch for visible indications of concussion during each game.
5.3 At first, two concussion spotters, who had no medical training, monitored the game in the arena.
5.4 The following year, one to four concussion spotters with medical training were added.
5.5 They monitored each game from the League’s head office in New York.
5.6 If a spotter thinks that a player has suffered a concussion, the player is removed from the game and is taken to a “quiet room” for an examination by a medical doctor.
5.7 The player is not allowed to return to the game until the doctor gives permission.
７パラ
5.8 The NHL has made much progress in making ice hockey a safer sport.
5.9 As more is learned about the causes and effects of concussions, the NHL will surely take further measures to ensure player safety.
5.10 Better safety might lead to an increase in the number of ice hockey players and fans.
【ポスター案】
Making Ice Hockey Safer
What is ice hockey?
・Players score by putting a “puck” in the other team’s net
・Six players on each team
・Sport played on ice at a high speed
Main Problem: A High Rate of Concussions
Definition of a concussion
An injury to the brain that affects the way it functions
Effects
Short-term
・Loss of consciousness
・Difficulty walking straight
・[ 39 ]
・Ringing in the ears
Long-term
・Problems with concentration
・[ 40 ]
・Psychological problems
・Smell and taste disorders
Solutions
National Hockey League (NHL)
・Requires helmets with visors
・Gives severe penalties to dangerous players
・Has introduced concussion spotters to [ 41 ]
Summary
Ice hockey players have a high risk of suffering from concussions.
Therefore, the NHL has [ 42 ].
6
Making Ice Hockey Safer（アイス・ホッケーをもつと安全にする）
What is ice hockey? （アイス・ホッケーとは？）
・Players score by putting a “puck” in the other team’s net（竸技者は「パック」を相手チームのネットに入れて得點する）
・Six players on each team（それぞれのチームに6人の竸技者）
・Sport played on ice at a high speed（氷上で高速で行なはれるスポーツ）
Main Problem: A High Rate of Concussions（主な問題： 腦震盪[發症]の高い比率）
Definition of a concussion（腦震盪の定義）
An injury to the brain that affects the way it functions（腦の機能[の仕方]に影響を及ぼす、腦への損傷）
Effects（影響[/もたらされる結果]）
Short-term（短期）
・Loss of consciousness（意識の喪失）
・Difficulty walking straight（直進歩行の困難/まつすぐに歩きにくい）
・[ 39 ]
・Ringing in the ears（耳鳴り）
Long-term（長期）
・Problems with concentration（集中力についての問題）
・[ 40 ]
・Psychological problems（心理的問題）
・Smell and taste disorders（嗅覺と味覺の異常/不調）
Solutions（解決策）
National Hockey League (NHL) （ナショナル・ホッケー・リーグは）
・Requires helmets with visors（ヴァイザーつきのヘルメット[裝着]を必須とする）
・Gives severe penalties to dangerous players（危險な竸技者に嚴しい處罰を課す）
・Has introduced concussion spotters to [ 41 ] （～ために腦震盪監視員を導入してゐる）
Summary（結論/まとめ）
Ice hockey players have a high risk of suffering from concussions. （アイス・ホッケーの竸技者は腦震盪で苦しむ危險度が高い）
Therefore, the NHL has [ 42 ]. （それゆゑにＮＨＬは～）
問１ Choose the best option for [ 39 ] on your poster. （ポスターで [ 39 ] に入れるのに最も適切なものを選びなさい ※3パラ 2.4～2.6參照）
① Aggressive behavior（過激な行動）
② Difficulty thinking（思考困難）
③ Personality changes（人格變容）
④ Unclear vision（視覺不良[/はつきりと見えない]→2.5 ）
問2 Choose the best option for [ 40 ] on your poster. （ポスターで [ 40 ] に入れるのに最も適切なものを選びなさい ※4パラ 3.4～3.7參照）
① Loss of eyesight（視力喪失）
② Memory problems（記憶力の問題）
③ Sleep disorders（睡眠の不調→3.5）
④ .Unsteady walking（不確かな歩行）
問3 Choose the best option for [ 41 ] on your poster. （ポスターで [ 41 ] に入れるのに最も適切なものを選びなさい ※5パラ～6パラ 4.1～4.5、5.1～5.7參照）
① allow players to return to the game（竸技者が試合に戻るのを許す）
② examine players who have a concussion（腦震盪を起こしてゐる竸技者を檢査する→5.6に by a medical doctorとある）
③ fine players who cause concussions（腦震盪を引き起こす竸技者に罰金を課す）
④ identify players showing signs of a concussion（腦震盪の徴候のある竸技者を見分ける／特定する→5.6）
問4 Choose the best option for [ 42 ] on your poster. （ポスターで [ 42 ] に入れるのに最も適切なものを選びなさい ※下線部が本文と異なります）
① been expecting the players to become tougher（竸技者が一層たくましくなるのを期してきた）
② been implementing new rules and guidelines（新しい規則と指針を履行してきた）
③ given medical training to coaches（監督に醫療訓練を施してきた）
④ made wearing of visors optional（ヴァイザー裝着を任意としてきた）
[解答]
[39] ④
[40] ③
[41] ④
[42] ②
