(5) In the late 19th century, machines that used the newly discovered X-rays revolutionized the way in which we looked at things. Rather than seeing only the surface of an object, we gained the ability to look into it or through it, bringing the inner elements of many things into our range of view. This capability proved practical in the workplace, useful in laboratories and museums, and instructive in universities. One of the most important applications was in medicine. Doctors often had difficulty diagnosing illnesses or finding problems inside the body. X-rays allowed them to look into their patients, identify where there were problems, and cure them. This use of X-rays brought new understandings and methods for diagnosis and treatment.
問4 According to paragraph (5), how are X-rays used? [ 49 ]
① To find the locations of problems in the body
② To improve visibility of objects’ surfaces
③ To learn when paintings were created
④ To test the quality of chemical compounds
【解答・解説】
[番號付英文]
5.1 In the late 19th century, machines that used the newly discovered X-rays revolutionized the way in which we looked at things.
5.2 Rather than seeing only the surface of an object, we gained the ability to look into it or through it, bringing the inner elements of many things into our range of view.
5.3 This capability proved practical in the workplace, useful in laboratories and museums, and instructive in universities.
5.4 One of the most important applications was in medicine.
5.5 Doctors often had difficulty diagnosing illnesses or finding problems inside the body.
5.6 X-rays allowed them to look into their patients, identify where there were problems, and cure them.
5.7 This use of X-rays brought new understandings and methods for diagnosis and treatment.
[設問]
問4 According to paragraph (5), how are X-rays used? (第5パラグラフのいふところによれば、X線はどのやうに使はれるのか) [ 49 ]
① To find the locations of problems in the body(身體の問題箇所をみつける)
② To improve visibility of objects’ surfaces(對象物の表面がよく見えるやうにする)
③ To learn when paintings were created(繪畫の制作時期を知る)
④ To test the quality of chemical compounds(化合物の品質檢査をする)
[正答へのアプロウチ]
5.4以降、特に5.6により①が適切です。
[解答]
①
[語句・構文等]
5.1 the way in which ... 本問 (2) 1パラ(2018年1月22日付)[語句・構文等]1.1例文④がこのかたちになります。
5.2 rather than ~ ~よりもむしろ
5.2 , bringing ~ 主節の前後や中に分詞の句が添へられるかたちは、文法書では「分詞構文」の項に解説があります。(※拙ブログでは「英文讀解のヒント(19)、(20)」(2015年2月11、25日附)に解説や例文を掲載しました。)本問の2.3や2.4にも現はれましたが、主文と分詞の句との關はりがやや曖昧な文體です。
5.4 applications 可算名詞として使つてゐますから、具體的な適用例や應用機器を念頭に置いて記してゐるのかと思ひます。
5.5 have difficulty (in) -ing(~) ~するのに苦勞する
5.6 allow ~ to-不定詞(…) ~が…するにまかせる/~が…するままにしておく
[意味把握チェック]
5.1 19世紀末期に、新しく發見されたX線を利用した機械が物體を見る方法に大變革をもたらした。
5.2 (對象)物の表面だけを見るといふよりは、その中を覗きこむ或は透視することができるやうになり、多くの物の内部が私たちに見えるやうになつた。
5.3 この能力は職場では實用的であり、研究所(/室)や博物館では役に立ち、大學では教育に有益であるとわかつた。
5.4 最重要適用のひとつは、醫學におけるものであつた。
5.5 醫師たちはしばしば病氣診斷や體内の問題發見に苦勞してゐた。
5.6 X線によつて、患者の體内を見、問題箇所を特定し、患者を治せるやうになつた。
5.7 X線のかうした利用によつて、診斷や治療に新しい知識と方法がもたらされた。