<link href="file://localhost/Users/MFukui/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0clip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List" />
<style>
&lt;!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&quot;;
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 0 16778247 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{panose-1:2 4 6 4 5 5 5 2 3 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{amp;quot;\@ＭＳ 明朝&quot;;
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 0 16778247 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{amp;quot;ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3&quot;;
panose-1:2 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-alt:&quot;ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3&quot;;
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 0 16778247 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{amp;quot;\@ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3&quot;;
panose-1:2 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 0 16778247 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-alt:&quot;Adobe Garamond Pro&quot;;
mso-font-charset:77;
mso-generic-mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-alt:&quot;Adobe Garamond Pro&quot;;
mso-font-charset:77;
mso-generic-mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-alt:&quot;Adobe Garamond Pro&quot;;
mso-font-charset:77;
mso-generic-mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-pagination:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
amp;quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-ascii-mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-amp;quot;ＭＳ 明朝&quot;;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-amp;quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;}
/* Page Definitions */
@page
{mso-page-border-surround-header:no;
mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}
@page Section1
{size:595.0pt 842.0pt;
margin:99.25pt 30.0mm 30.0mm 30.0mm;
mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
mso-paper-source:0;
layout-grid:20.0pt;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
--&gt;
</style>
S . N. Winogradky's and L. Pasteur's
studies more than a hundred years ago mark the beginning of microbial ecology.
Both were aware of the fact that the real nature of a microbe cannot truly be
understood if it is not considered in the context of the biogeochemical
processes on earth. For a lecture on "the role of the microbes in the
general cycle of life" held 1 896 in St. Petersburg, Winogradsky chose as
a motto a quotation of Pasteur: " .. .Ie role des infiniment petits
m'apparaissait infiniment grand ... " ( ... the role of the infinitely
small appears to me infinitely large ... ) . <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Wherever their living conditions
arise, microbes will be present and start their transforming activity. This is
also true for the anaerobes of which I talked in my review. However, their
world is mostly hidden to us. We have to descend to deeper water layers and
sediments to enter the anoxic world of fermentative degradations where the
substrates for the methanogenic, sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria are
formed. These microbes degrade these compounds to carbon dioxide, methane, and
hydrogen sulfide and establish the iron sulfide-blackened, reduced end of the
biosphere. Further transformations depend on the access of either light or
oxygen. Even in dim light at some depth, the purple, red, brown, or green
phototrophic sulfur bacteria bloom, e.g. in stratified lakes, all kinds of
lagoons, and salt marshes. Because phototrophic sulfur bacteria oxidize
hydrogen sulfide to sulfate anaerobically in the light, they close the anoxic
sulfur cycle, initiated by the sulfate reducers, and form a colorful blooming
sulfuretum. Compared to other ecosystems, the sulfuretum appears simple with
respect to the interactions of its microbes. And the individual sulfureta in freshwater and
saline environments
are variations on a theme, each one proceeding by different species of the same
metabolic types involved.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
Norbert Pfennig (1993) REFLECTIONS OF A MICROBIOLOGIST,
OR HOW TO LEARN FROM THE MICROBES. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47: 1-27.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
フィールドに出かけ、微生物の住み場所や分布などを注意深く、そして、じっくりと丹念に観察しよう。試料を研究室に持ち帰り、そして、、、、、、、、、
<o:p></o:p>
