基礎化学品

US2016347686(BASF SE [DE])
[0002] Butadiene is an important basic chemical and is used, for example, for producing synthetic rubbers (butadiene homopolymers, styrene-butadiene rubber or nitrile rubber) or for producing thermoplastic terpolymers (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers).
【０００２】
  ブタジエンは、重要な基礎化学品であり、かつ、例えば合成ゴム（ブタジエンホモポリマー、スチレン－ブタジエンゴム若しくはニトリルゴム）の製造のために又は熱可塑性ターポリマー（アクリロニトリル－ブタジエン－スチレンコポリマー）の製造のために用いられる。

Butadiene is also converted into sulfolane, chloroprene and 1,4-hexamethylenediamine (via 1,4-dichlorobutene and adiponitrile).
ブタジエンは、そのうえ、スルホラン、クロロプレン及び１，４－ヘキサメチレンジアミンに（１，４－ジクロロブテン及びアジピン酸ジニトリルを介して）変換される。

Furthermore, it is possible to dimerize butadiene to produce vinylcyclohexene which can be dehydrogenated to styrene.
そのほかに、ブタジエンの二量体化によって、ビニルシクロヘキサンを作り出すことが可能であり、これはスチレンに脱水素することができる。

US7605293(UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US])
In addition to use as fuels, methanol and methanol-derived chemicals have other significant applications in the chemical industry.
【００１１】
燃料としての使用以外に、メタノールおよびメタノール由来化学品は、化学工業において他の有意な用途を有する。

Today, methanol is one of the most important feedstock in the chemical industry.
今日、メタノールは、化学工業における最も重要な原料の１つである。

Most of the 32 million tons of annually produced methanol is
3200万トンの年間生産メタノールの大部分は、

used to manufacture a large variety of chemical products and materials, including

basic chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, MTBE (although it is increasingly phased out for environmental reasons), as well as various polymers, paints, adhesives, construction materials, and others.
ホルムアルデヒド、酢酸、MTBE (環境的理由で次第に廃止されつつある)のような基礎化学品、並びに各種ポリマー、塗料、接着剤、建設材料

等を含む多種類の化学製品および材料の製造に使用されている。

「この」違和感：This

Me:

Assume that a detection device is being discussed. Which of the following sentences is more appropriate from the viewpoints of grammar, convention, and so on? Explain why one is preferable to the other. Assume that the fact that the device includes a memory unit has never been indicated or suggested before each of the sentences appeared.

1. This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object.
2. This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object.

 

ChatGPT:

The second sentence is more appropriate from the viewpoints of grammar, convention, and clarity. Let's break down why this is the case.

1. Grammar and Punctuation:

   • Sentence 1: "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object."
     • This sentence lacks necessary punctuation, making it harder to read. The phrase "including a memory unit" is a non-restrictive clause that should be set off by commas.
   • Sentence 2: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."
     • This sentence correctly uses commas to set off the non-restrictive clause "which includes a memory unit," indicating that the memory unit is additional information about the device.

2. Convention:

   • In English, non-restrictive clauses (those that provide extra information that isn't essential to the meaning of the sentence) are typically introduced by "which" and are set off by commas.
   • Restrictive clauses (those that are essential to the meaning of the sentence) use "that" and do not use commas.

3. Clarity:

   • Sentence 1: Without the commas, it reads as though "including a memory unit" might be an essential part of defining which detection device is being talked about, which is not the intent.
   • Sentence 2: The use of commas clearly indicates that "which includes a memory unit" is additional information about the detection device, and not essential to identifying which device is being referred to.

Thus, Sentence 2 is grammatically correct, adheres to conventional usage, and provides clearer information.

Correct Sentence: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

 

Me:

Translate the following into English: この発明は検出装置に関する。メモリーユニットを有するこの検出装置は、物体を検出するために使用される。

ChatGPT:

The translation of the given Japanese sentences into English is:

"This invention relates to a detection device. This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

This translation maintains the clarity and grammatical correctness, similar to the structure discussed earlier.

Me:

In this case, what is wrong with "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object"?

 

ChatGPT:

In this context, "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object" is grammatically incorrect because it lacks necessary punctuation and does not properly indicate that the phrase "including a memory unit" is additional, non-essential information. Here are the specific issues:

1. Lack of Punctuation:

   • The phrase "including a memory unit" is a non-restrictive clause, meaning it adds extra information that is not essential to the main point of the sentence. Non-restrictive clauses should be set off by commas to indicate that the information is supplementary.

2. Misleading Structure:

   • Without commas, the sentence may be misinterpreted as implying that "including a memory unit" is an essential part of the definition of the detection device, which is not the intent. The reader might think that only a detection device with a memory unit is being referred to, rather than understanding that the memory unit is an additional feature of the detection device being described.

3. Clarity and Readability:

   • Proper punctuation helps in breaking down the sentence into clear, readable parts. The lack of commas makes the sentence harder to parse and understand, reducing clarity.

To correct these issues and convey the intended meaning, it is important to use commas to set off the non-restrictive clause:

Corrected Sentence: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

This version clearly indicates that the memory unit is an additional feature, not an essential part of defining the detection device, thereby maintaining clarity and grammatical correctness.

 

と一致する方向

US2019128639(STURM RUGER & CO [US])
[0070] The firearm 20 defines a longitudinal axis LA and axial direction coinciding with the centerline of the barrel 23 and its longitudinal bore formed therein between the muzzle and breech ends 23 a , 23 b that defines a projectile pathway in a known manner.

US10652462(IBM [US])
[0031] In some embodiments, an audio cue may be encoded into an object-oriented audio format. The audio cue may then be located in a specific sound plane relative to the location of the object. In this way, rather than simply being cued to look left or right, the user can be presented with an audio cue that seems to originate from the specific direction of the recommended object. For example, during a 360 degree video, an audio cue can include a phrase such as “Look over here!” where the phrase is encoded to seem as if it is originating from the direction coinciding with an object of interest (e.g. a monument). This can make for a more interactive 360 degree video experience.

US8837305(QUALCOMM INC [US])
9. The method of claim 1, wherein transceiving signals comprises:

forming a signal reception null in a receive direction coinciding with the interference direction; and

receiving the signals in the receive direction not inclusive of the signal reception null.

駆動を制御する：controls the drive of

What is the difference in meaning or nuance between the following sentences?

1. The controller controls a drive of the motor based on a control signal.
2. The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal.
3. The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal.
4. The controller controls driving of the motor based on a control signal.
5. The controller controls the driving of the motor based on a control signal. Please also tell me which one of the above is most common or typical in general technical context, and which one should be avoided, when writing technical documents, for reasons including grammar, conventional usage, common sense, etc.

 

ChatGPT

Let's analyze the differences and nuances between the sentences, and then determine which is most common or typical in technical contexts and which should be avoided.

1. The controller controls a drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This suggests that the controller controls one of possibly several drives of the motor. It is somewhat specific but implies that there may be multiple drives.
   • Usefulness: This is less typical because it suggests the existence of multiple drives, which might not be the intended meaning.

2. The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This sentence is less specific because it lacks the definite article "the" before "drive," making it sound somewhat incomplete or general.
   • Usefulness: This is less conventional and might be avoided due to its vague nature.

3. The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This sentence is clear and specific, referring to a particular drive mechanism of the motor that the controller controls.
   • Usefulness: This is a common and conventional way to describe the action in technical documents.

4. The controller controls driving of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This refers to the action or process of driving the motor. It is a bit more abstract compared to "the drive."
   • Usefulness: This can be used but is less specific than sentence 3. It is acceptable but not as precise.

5. The controller controls the driving of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This is similar to sentence 4 but more specific due to the definite article "the." It refers to the particular process of driving the motor.
   • Usefulness: This is also clear and specific, making it a good choice in technical contexts.

Most Common or Typical in General Technical Context:

• Sentence 3: "The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal."
  • This sentence is specific, clear, and conventional, making it the most typical choice in technical documentation.

Sentence to Avoid:

• Sentence 2: "The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal."
  • This is vague and less grammatically conventional, making it less suitable for technical documents.

In conclusion, for clarity and conventional usage in technical contexts, Sentence 3 is the best choice. Sentence 2 should be avoided due to its vagueness.

出力を制御する：output of, the output of、冠詞の有無による違い

What is the difference in meaning or nuance between the following sentences?

1. The control unit receives output of a power supply signal from the power supply.
2. The control unit receives the output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

 

ChatGPT

The difference between the two sentences is subtle but important, and it hinges on the presence of the definite article "the" before "output." Here are the nuances:

1. The control unit receives output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

   • Meaning: This sentence is a bit more general and could imply that the control unit receives some kind of output related to a power supply signal from the power supply. The lack of the definite article "the" before "output" can make the statement feel less specific, as if referring to any kind of output without specifying which one.

2. The control unit receives the output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

   • Meaning: This sentence is more specific because it uses "the" before "output," indicating that a particular, identifiable output of the power supply signal is being referred to. This implies that the reader or listener is expected to know which specific output is being discussed, possibly from prior context.

In summary:

• Sentence 1 is less specific, suggesting any output related to a power supply signal.
• Sentence 2 is more specific, referring to a particular output of the power supply signal that should be known from context.

視野検査

US11154639(UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US])
[0156] For example, in ocular applications, the visual field of a patient can be determined by any appropriate known diagnostic techniques, such as Goldmann kinetic perimetry (see, e.g., FIG. 5).
【０１２４】
  例えば、眼の適用では、ゴールドマン動力学的視野検査(例えば、図5参照のこと)などの任意の適当な既知診断技術によって患者の視野を測定できる。

US11561614(SPHAIROS INC [US])
[0012] Current measures and rating systems for AR/VR are qualitative in nature. Further, clinical testing interfaces include EEG, MRI, EOG, MEG, fMRI, ultrasound, and microwaves.
【０００５】
  ＡＲ／ＶＲ用の現在の測定システムおよびレーティング・システムは、本質的に定性的である。さらに、臨床検査インターフェースは、ＥＥＧ、ＭＲＩ、ＥＯＧ、ＭＥＧ、ｆＭＲＩ、超音波、およびマイクロ波を含む。

Traditional industry standards for measuring Field of View include tests such as The Amsler grid, the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, Frequency-Doubling technology,
視界を測定するための従来の業界標準規格は、アムスラー・グリッド、ハンフリー視野計、Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ－Ｄｏｕｂｌｉｎｇ  ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ、

the Tangent Screen Exam, the Goldmann Method, and the Octopus perimeter. 
視野検査（Ｔａｎｇｅｎｔ  Ｓｃｒｅｅｎ  Ｅｘａｍ）、ゴールドマン法（Ｇｏｌｄｍａｎｎ  Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）、およびオクトパス視野計などの検査を含む。

US11524990(ACCELERON PHARMA INC [US])
[0343] In general, visual field may be determined through visual field testing the full horizontal and vertical range of what a patient is able to see peripherally.
一般に、視野は、患者が周辺的に見ることが可能である水平および垂直範囲全体の視野検査を通じて決定できる。

This type of testing is usually performed with an automated perimetry test in which the patient stares at a source of light straight ahead and random lights of different densities are flashed in their peripheral field of vision.
この種類の検査は、患者はまっすぐ前の光源を凝視し、異なる濃さのランダム光が患者の視界の周辺部で点滅する自動化視野測定検査を用いて通常実施される。

The patient presses a button or other means to indicate that they can see the light.
患者は、光を見ることができることを示すためにボタンまたは他の手段を押す。

Visual field tests that may be used in accordance with the methods described herein include for example, the Amsler grid test, the confrontation test, the perimetry test, and the tangent screen test.
本明細書に記載の方法により使用できる視野検査として、例えば、アムスラーグリッド検査、対面検査、視野測定検査およびタンジェントスクリーン検査が挙げられる。