例：「周辺の車両との距離を、自車両のレーダで検出し・・・」
"an own vehicle"?
"one's vehicle"?
"one's own vehicle"?
"vehicle of concern"?
"vehicle under consideration"?
以前、ネイティブチェッカーから"an own vehicle"は不自然、"vehicle"だけで十分と言われたことがあります。
確かにvehicleだけで済ませられる場合も多いのですが、たまに、ただのvehicleにしてしまうと他の車両との関係等、意味が不明瞭になると思える場合があり、悩みの種です。「第1の」等を付ければ解決しますが、PCT移行用の逐語訳の場合はそうもいきません。
本日のJapan Timesの記事（「象牙の乱獲の現実を見て欲しい」）見出しで、"Republic of Congo conservationist prods Japan to see dwindling elephants and forests with own eyes"とありました。
これはあくまで見出しで、言いたいのは"Japanese people's own eyes"だろうと思います。
「自車両」も「自分の車両」だから、"one's own vehicle"、または"one's vehicle"でいいのではないかと思いました。
10DEC2014追記：
subject vehicleでいいかも。
8JULY2015:
one vehicle, another vehicle
30OCT2015:
「自車両その２」参照(host vehicle)
AはBよりも（Bに対して、を基準として）C側に配設されている。
C A B
A is disposed toward C from B.(fromでいいんでしょうか？)
A is disposed closer to C than B.
A is disposed toward C with respect to B.
最近、左手の小指が疲れてきました。Ctrlキーを該指で押す場合、左回転が必要で、手首にもストレスを感じます。
そこで以前から気になっていた、マイクロソフトの人間工学キーボード（有線）を購入。
結論から言うと、3日使ってみて止めました。
キーのモッコリ配置自体はすぐ慣れます。確かに、特に中心近辺のキーは楽。手前側が浮いていますが、これも慣れると楽で、意外と違和感は無い。打ち心地も適度な反発、静かな接触音で、気持ち良い。
しかし、左上のEscがやたらと遠いし、Enterキーが小さい。Ctrlは多少楽ですが、やっぱり要回転。そして全体にデカくて、場所取り過ぎ。
下は愛用の東プレのREALFORCE。テンキーなんて翻訳に要りません。
半日はシェアオフィスに居るので、自転車移動も考えて、やはり東プレに戻しました。
問題はキー配置と言うよりも、疲れるほど長時間連続して作業することに問題があるように思います。特に私のような仕事先送り体質などは・・・。
California Driver Handbook - Lane Control
Before changing lanes, signal, look in all your mirrors, and:
- Check traffic behind and beside you.
- Glance over your left or right shoulder to make sure the lane you want is clear.
- Check for vehicles, motorcyclists, and bicycle traffic in your blind spot.
- Be sure there is enough room for your vehicle in the next lane.
- Motorists must look carefully for bicyclists before turning left or right, merging into bicycle lanes, and opening doors next to moving traffic. Respect the right-of-way of bicyclists because they are entitled to share the road with you.
"and"は本来、列挙した事象がすべて同時に該当する場合に使うような気がする。しかし上の例では「右左折、自転車レーンへの合流、およびドアの開閉」が全部同時に（または順番に）行われた場合に限定しているワケではないはずで、こういう場合ネイティブは"or"を使うんじゃないかと思っていた。
日本語でも「Ａ，Ｂ、およびＣ」とあって、内容から判断するとA, B, or Cじゃないかと思うことが時々あるが、上の例からするとあまり悩まず原稿通りandでいいのかもしれない。
US7275244 (Microsoft)
Certain steps in the processes described below in FIGS. 2 through 6 must naturally precede others for the present invention to function as described. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the steps（方法ステップの順番）described, if such order or sequence does not alter the functionality of the present invention. It is recognized that some steps may be performed before or after other steps without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
It should be understood that the foregoing relates only to illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and that numerous changes（様々な変更） may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims.
US8,638,500(OmniVision Technologies, Inc.)
The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive（網羅的）or to limit（限定、制限） the invention to the precise forms disclosed（記載した形態そのままに）. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes（例示）, various modifications（様々な変形） are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.
These modifications can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. The terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification. Rather, the scope of the invention（発明の範囲） is to be determined entirely by the following claims, which are to be construed in accordance with established doctrines of claim interpretation.
US8428238（Cisco Technology, Inc.)
It should be understood that elements of the present invention may also be provided as a computer program product which may include a machine-readable medium（機械読取可能媒体） having stored thereon instructions which may be used to program a computer (e.g., a processor or other electronic device) to perform a sequence of operations. Alternatively, the operations may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnet or optical cards, or other type of memachine-readable medium suitable for storing electronic instructions.
Additionally, although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, numerous modifications and alterations are well within the scope of the present invention. For example, the present invention is applicable to both wired and wireless (cellular) telephone networks of an enterprise. Additionally, instead of being implemented at the enterprise level, called party authentication may be a feature implemented at the provider level; that is, by a telephone network service provider. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense（限定的でなく例示的）.
US8315753(Texas Instruments Incorporated)
Other embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this disclosure or practicing the disclosed invention. The specification and examples above are exemplary only, with the true scope of the present invention being determined by the following claims.
USUS8546720(General Electric Company)
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art（当業者）that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted（置換）for elements thereof without departing from（逸脱することなく）the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications（変形）may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings（教示、教授）of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out（実施）this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
US8754091(Pharmacyclics, Inc.)
All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
US8360178
compriseの定義
As used herein, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" are to be construed as being inclusive and opened rather than exclusive. Specifically, when used in this specification including the claims, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and variations thereof mean that the specified features, steps or components are included. The terms are not to be interpreted to exclude the presence of other features, steps or components.
US8,425,785 (Intel Corporation)
In the following description, for purposes of explanation（説明のため）, numerous specific details are set forth（記載） in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention（発明の理解のため）. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention can be practiced（実施） without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments（構成要素の組み合わせ）.
US8856917(Microsoft Corporation)
Certain specific details are set forth in the following description and figures to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the disclosure. Certain well-known details often associated with computing and software technology are not set forth in the following disclosure to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments of the disclosure. Further, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art（当業者） will understand that they can practice other embodiments of the disclosure without one or more of the details described below. Finally, while various methods are described with reference to steps and sequences in the following disclosure, the description as such is for providing a clear implementation of embodiments of the disclosure, and the steps and sequences of steps should not be taken as required to practice this disclosure.
It should be understood that the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the disclosure, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into（ロード）and executed（実行）by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes（成る） an apparatus for practicing the disclosure. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device generally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs that may implement or utilize the processes described in connection with the disclosure, e.g., through the use of an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, or the like（等、など）. Such programs are preferably implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.
US8793790(Honeywell International Inc.)
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments which may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail（＊十分詳細に）to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention（当業者が実施可能）, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized（＊他の実施例、実装、形態も可能）and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made（＊変更可能）without departing from the scope of the present invention（＊逸脱することなく）. The following description of example embodiments is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense（限定的に解釈）, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
US6854093
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit （非限定）the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims（発明の精神と範囲）. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that （当業者には明らか）the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.
Notation and Nomenclature
Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of procedures, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In the present application, a procedure, logic block, process, etc., is conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computer system. It has proved convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind（留意すべきである）, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise （特に明記しない限り）as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present invention, a variety of terms are discussed that refer to the actions and processes of an electronic system or a computer system, or other electronic computing device/system. The computer system or similar electronic computing device manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices. The present invention is also well suited to the use of other computer systems such as, for example, optical, mechanical, or quantum computers.
7,111,833 Dual disc spring (General Motors Corporation)
Referring to the drawings, wherein like characters represent the same or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is seen（倒置）in FIG. 1 a dual disc spring 10 having an outer disc section 12, an inner disc section 14, and a fulcrum point 16. The disc sections 12 and 14 are both conically shaped, as that seen in FIG. 2. The conical displacement from the fulcrum 16 is in the same axial direction and opposite radial directions.
The inner disc 14 has a castellated profile 18. The castellated profile could be placed（してもよい、することもできる） in the outer disc section 12 wherein the inner disc section would （仮定法：「その場合は」）then be a continuous disc or conical section. Each of the inner disc and outer disc portions will provide a reaction for loads when the fulcrum 16 is positioned in a stationary location and a load（荷重） is applied through the respective disc portions.
castellated: like a castle, especially with turrets and battlements
When the chamber 32 is pressurized, the piston 26 will move axially rightward（右側、右向き） to engage one of the friction members 44, which will result in a frictional drive connection between the housing 22 and the hub 52 thereby retaining the planetary member connected therewith stationary. As the piston 26 is moved axially rightward, the load within the inner disc spring 14 reacts at the fulcrum point 16, which is positioned stationary within the housing 22 by a conventional locking ring 66.
6,287,233 Powertrain with a five speed planetary transmission (General Motors Corporation)
To establish the fourth forward ratio, the brake 118A is engaged. The one-way clutch 80A will overrun and the clutch 62A will be simultaneously disengaged. In FIG. 3, the node 172B becomes the fulcrum（支点になる） for the lever 168B such that a positive input at the node 166B results in an even more positive output at the node 178B and an overdrive ratio is established.
To establish the fifth forward ratio, the simultaneous interchange of the brake 118A and the brake 144A is effected. In FIG. 3, the node 130 becomes a fulcrum for the lever 126B such that a positive input at the node 128B results in a negative reaction at the node 122B. 
5,857,549 Torque transmitting device with a lever apply spring (General Motors Corporation)
Axial movement of the piston 34 results in pivoting of the spring at the lock ring 68 which provides a fulcrum（支点になる） for the lever spring 54. When the fingers 58 engage the friction plate 42 due to axial movement of the piston 34, the plates 42 and plates 44 will be forced into frictional engagement such that torque will be transmitted between the housing 12 and the housing 14.
machine design, Motion 101: The dynamics of shafts and axles
Wordreference.com
axleは回転部材を支持する。
shaftは力を伝達する。
しかし両者はしばしば重なる。
当ブログの例文について
本ブログの「特許英語散策」等題した部分では、英語の例文を管理人の独断と偏見で収集し、適宜訳文・訳語を記載しています。
訳文等は原則として対応日本語公報をそのまま写したものです。私個人のコメント部分は（大抵）”＊”を付しています。
訳語は多数の翻訳者の長年の努力の結晶ですが、誤訳、転記ミスもあると思いますのでご注意ください。
