WO2001094765
"Attempts to accommodate the above noted limitations and requirements have spawned a variety of mounting approaches. For example, in some engines, the accessory drive gears are mounted directly on the engine cylinder block.(*初出で定冠詞)However, mounting the gears directly on the cylinder block requires the machining of bores in the block to receive the shafts of the accessory and idler gears. Further, these bores must be precisely spaced relative to the crankshaft, the camshaft and each other. An error in machining even one bore could result in an unusable cylinder block, which must be discarded at considerable expense. Even when the bores are positioned correctly, separate alignment apparatus is required to achieve proper gear lash."
上述の制限及び要求に答えようとする試みは、取り付けのための多様な取り組みを数多くもたらした。例えば、いつかエンジンにおいては、補機駆動ギアは、エンジンのシリンダブロックに直接取り付けられている。しかしながら、シリンダブロックにギアを直接取り付けることは、補機やアイドラーのギアのシャフトを支えるためのボアをブロックに機械加工することを必要とする。更に、これらのボアは、クランクシャフトやカムシャフトとそれぞれに対して正確に一定の距離をおいて配置されなければならない。たった1つのボアの機械加工における誤差が、使用できないシリンダブロックをもたらし、これは相当な額の費用によって処分されなければない。ボアが正しく配置されている場合であっても、離れて配置された装置は、適正なギアラッシュとなることを要求される。
US6213074
"1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally directed toward internal combustion engines and, more specifically, to an internal combustion engine having a V-shaped engine block, wedge-shaped cylinder head and a single, integrated intake manifold and rocker cover.
2. Description of the Related Art
Internal combustion engines known in the related art may include, among other basic components, a cast engine block (*不定冠詞)having a pair of cylinder banks arranged in a V-shaped configuration, a pair of cylinder heads associated with each cylinder bank mounted to the engine block and a pair of valve covers fastened to each cylinder head. Each bank of cylinders is usually serviced by a dedicated intake manifold mounted to each cylinder head. A plurality of pistons are reciprocated in cylinders (*不定冠詞)formed in each cylinder bank of the engine block. Similarly, a plurality of valves supported in each cylinder head are opened and closed via rocker arms, cams or some other mechanism to provide fluid communication between the cylinders and intake and exhaust manifolds. Fuel is combusted within the cylinders to reciprocate the pistons which, in turn, act on a crankshaft from which power may be translated to drive an automotive vehicle or any number of other devices. "
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、一般に内燃機関に関し、詳しくは、V字形態のエンジンブロックと、楔形のシリンダヘッドと、単一の、一体の吸気マニホルド及びロッカーカバーとを有する内燃機関に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】斯界に既知の内燃機関には、基本構成部品の中でも、V字形態とした一対のシリンダ列を有する鋳造エンジンブロック(エンジンブロックとも称する)と、このエンジンブロックに取り付けられ各シリンダ列と関連する一対のシリンダヘッドと、各シリンダヘッドに固定した一対の弁カバーとが含まれる。各シリンダ列は、通常、各シリンダヘッドに取り付けた専用の吸気マニホルドを使用する。エンジンブロックの各シリンダ列内に配置した複数のシリンダの各々の内部をピストンが往復作動する。同様に、各シリンダヘッド内で支持された複数の弁が、ロッカーアーム、カムその他の機構を介して開閉され、各シリンダと吸気及び排気用の各マニホルドとを流体連通する。各シリンダ内で燃料が燃焼するとピストンが往復動作し、この動作が結局、クランクシャフトに作用して動力を生じ、生じた動力は自動車その他装置を駆動するために伝達され得る。
"The cylinder head (*初出で定冠詞)is attached to the engine block by numerous bolts or studs. It has several functions. The cylinder head seals the cylinders on the side opposite to the pistons; it contains short ducts (the ports) for intake and exhaust and the associated intake valves that open to let the cylinder be filled with fresh air and exhaust valves that open to allow the combustion gases to escape. However, 2-stroke crankcase scavenged engines connect the gas ports directly to the cylinder wall without poppet valves; the piston controls their opening and occlusion instead. The cylinder head also holds the spark plug in the case of spark ignition engines and the injector for engines that use direct injection. All CI engines use fuel injection, usually direct injection but some engines instead use indirect injection. SI engines can use a carburetor or fuel injection as port injection or direct injection. Most SI engines have a single spark plug per cylinder but some have 2. A head gasket prevents the gas from leaking between the cylinder head and the engine block. The opening and closing of the valves is controlled by one or several camshafts and springs—or in some engines—a desmodromic mechanism that uses no springs. The camshaft may press directly the stem of the valve or may act upon a rocker arm, again, either directly or through a pushrod." (Internal Combustion Engines, Wikipedia)
"In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (*初出で定冠詞)(often informally abbreviated to just head) sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket. In most engines, the head also provides space for the passages that feed air and fuel to the cylinder, and that allow the exhaust to escape. The head can also be a place to mount the valves, spark plugs, and fuel injectors." (Cylinder head, Wikipedia)
US5331929
"The present invention relates to a cylinder head(*不定冠詞)for an internal combustion engine. In particular, the cylinder head of the present invention has one valve per cylinder for both the intake and exhaust functions of either a two-cycle or a four-cycle engine. More particularly, the cylinder head of the present invention employs a poppet valve in communication with the combustion chamber and is designed to exceed the air flow capability (outflow) of conventional two, three, and four valve per cylinder. Because the power of an engine is proportional to the air flow capacity, the cylinder head of the present invention yields an increase in power over conventional cylinder heads. "
Automatic transmission (Wikipedia)
depress
Most automatic transmissions include some means of forcing a downshift (Throttle kickdown) into the lowest possible gear ratio if the throttle pedal is fully depressed. In many older designs, kickdown is accomplished by mechanically actuating a valve inside the transmission. Most modern designs use a solenoid-operated valve that is triggered by a switch on the throttle linkage or by the engine control unit (ECU) in response to an abrupt increase in engine power.
筒内噴射の訳語としてin-cylinder injectionやcylinder injectionを見かけますが、direct injectionでいいんじゃないでしょうか?
筒内噴射式(自動車産業マップ)
筒内噴射(DI)エンジンシステム(日立オートモーティブシステムズ) (英語版:http://www.hitachi-automotive.co.jp/en/products/ems/01.html)
筒内噴射(ウィキペディア)ちなみに日本語では「シリンダ内に噴射」となっているが、英語では「燃焼室に噴射」となっている。
ExtremeTech: What are car surround view cameras, and why are they better than they need to be?
周辺監視:surround view monitor, around view monitor (Nissan)
(日本語の「周辺監視」に対し、viewが限定しそうで心配。音や温度の監視もあるかもしれない)
cf. peripheral monitor, periphery monitor, surroundings monitor
縦列駐車:parallel parking(道路に平行)
並列駐車:perpendicular parking(車両同士が並列;道路に直角)
車体前部構造の「ウィンドシールドロア」と呼ばれる部分。
"windshield lower"でいいのか、またはmember, component, panel等を付加すべきか?
22JAN2015
しかしハイカットスニーカー("high-tops")の上部分は"upper"でいいらしい。
high-tops: (sneaker) with a laced upper that extends some distance above wearer's ankle(キンドルの辞書より)
upper: the parts of a shoe or boot that are above the sole (Merriam-Webster)
lower: the lower member of a pair, such as a lower berth, a lower denture (Merriam-Webster)
と考えると、車体構造の場合もlower, upperでもいいのかも。
13MAY2015追記
"The outdrive resembles the bottom half of an outboard motor and is composed of two sub-units: an upper containing a driveshaft connected through the transom to an engine which transmits power to a 90-degree-angle gearbox; and the lower containing a vertical driveshaft receiving power from the upper unit gearbox, transmitted through another 90-degree-angle gearbox to the propeller shaft" (Wikipedia, "Sterndrive")
車輪速度を測るリング。
pulser ring?
pulse ring?
palsar ring?(☆じゃないし・・・)
pulserでいいのかな?辞書には無いが・・・。
追記:MPEP 2111.01 Plain Meaning
APPLICANT MAY BE OWN LEXICOGRAPHER
"Where an explicit definition is provided by the applicant for a term, that definition will control interpretation of the term as it is used in the claim."
車両構造
Advanced multistage front airbags that adjust airbag output to crash severity
Supplemental side-curtain front and rear airbags+ offer side protection for all of the outboard occupants
単純に考えると並列駐車の英訳は"parallel parking"のような気がしましたが、調べてみると英語の"parallel parking"は縦列駐車でした。
(Parallel parking(縦列駐車)、Wikipedia、Public Domain)
日本語で並列駐車と言えば、複数の車が側面同士を平行に並べている状態(後記:ただし、不動産業界では道路に並列を指すらしい=英語のparallel parking)で、それに対して道路端などで複数の車が前後方向に一列に並ぶよう駐車するのが「縦列駐車」。でも縦列駐車の英語はserial parkingではなく、parallel parking。道路に平行、という考え方のようです。
では「並列駐車」の英訳は何なのか?SPACE ALCの英辞郎によると"double-park"だそうですが、今一つピンときません。Wikipaediaによると"double parking"は例えば道路端に既に止めてある車に平行してさらに駐車する、「二重駐車」のことで、先に止めていた車が出られない等の問題があると説明されています。
(並列駐車:perpendicular parking;P&T様のコメントより)
side-by-side parkingとでも訳せばよいのでしょうか?道路を基準にするなら直交だからorthogonal?なんか大げさで、日本語のニュアンスと違うような・・・。
日本語の、車同士の配列を基準にした論理の方が明快なような気もします。
( フォード社のparallel parking機能のYouTubeビデオ)
<iframe width="560" height="315"></iframe>
・・・・
それにしてもgooブログはなんでデフォルトの文字色がグレーなのか・・・?
後記23july2019
perpendicular
angle
double
19MAR2021追記
"Parallel parking means parking your car in line with the other cars parallel to the curb, front bumper to rear bumper." "Perpendicular car parking means parking the cars side by side, perpendicular to a wall, curb or something else."(CAR PARKING TECHNIQUES, parking network)
追記7JUNE2022
並列駐車:Perpendicular parking, Parking space, Wikipedia
(CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=457380)
住宅業界での駐車場の文脈。
直角駐車:道路に直角(perpendicular parking、英語と一致)
並列駐車:道路に並列(parallel parking、英語と一致;しかし複数台なら下記の「縦列駐車」?)
縦列駐車:複数台が縦に列、道路に対しては直角らしい(直角駐車で複数台の場合。英語のparallel parking)
では、道路と関係ない、単に複数台の車両が長さ方向に並んだ場合の「縦列駐車」は英語で?