"Frodo ... then walked off to the edge of the wood" (The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien, Book One)
Sam, Pippinと共に旅に出たFrodoが木の下で一晩寝て起きた直後。定冠詞の"the edge"は特定の方向の「端」を指したいのではなく、とにかく「端」と言いたいだけ。（後記：いや、特定の視点からだろうから、one and only「特定の方向の端」か？）
"an edge"とすると「複数あるうちの、ある1つの端」を指すことになり、曖昧。
I was ~ing/I had been ~ingの使い分け！【過去進行形/過去完了進行形】
真面目に英文法勉強してれば学ぶ内容だと思いますが、改めてバイリンガルの方の明快で詳しい説明を聞くと納得。
なんとも懇切丁寧で楽しい、完全バイリンガルの素晴らしい先生です。I'm not worthy!🙇♂️
US10969529(SIGNIFY HOLDING BV [NL])
[0006] US 2007/0018559 A1 discloses a device and method for emitting output light utilizing multiple light sources to produce original light having different peak wavelengths. A first light source of the device is configured to generate first light having a peak wavelength in the blue wavelength range, while a second light source of the device is configured to generate second light having a peak wavelength in the red wavelength range. Some of the original light emitted from at least the first light source is converted into light having a peak wavelength longer than the peak wavelength of the original light using a photoluminescent material to produce the output light.
US7564544(INTEL CORP [US])
Thus, some of the light diffracted by surface 240 is diffracted into light 220 and some of it is diffracted into light 230 . All of the light reflected by surface 240 is reflected into light 230 . More particularly, light 230 equals the amount of reflected light collected by lens 214 having numerical aperture NA, and all of the diffracted light collected by lens 214 having numerical aperture NA.
US8712861(GOOGLE INC [US])
1. A method for analyzing images, the method being implemented by one or more hardware processors and comprising:
using the one or more hardware processors to perform steps comprising:
analyzing content, the content including image content and text content,
wherein the image content includes an image, and wherein analyzing the content includes analyzing the text content to determine one or more assumptions about a location or shape of an object of interest in the image;
determining a classification of the object of interest, wherein determining the classification of the object of interest is based at least in part on the text content;
performing image analysis on the image based at least in part on the classification and the one or more assumptions to detect the object of interest in the image; determining information about the object of interest, based on the image analysis, using one or more sources other than the analyzed content;
providing data with the image in order to make the object of interest selectable apart from a remainder of the image; and
associating the information with the image so that at least some of the information is displayed when the object of interest is selected.
US10902952(TEMPUS LABS [US])
(Ab)
A system, method, and mobile device application are configured to capture, with a mobile device, a document such as a next generation sequencing (NGS) report that includes NGS medical information about a genetically sequenced patient. At least some of the information is extracted from the document using an entity linking engine, and the extracted information is provided into a structured data repository where it is accessible to provide information regarding the patient specifically as well as collectively as part of a cohort of patients with similar genetic variants, medical histories, or other commonalities. In one aspect, the document is matched to a template model, and the document is processed using one or more masks segregating the template model, and therefore the document, into a series of distinct subregions.
US9392407(SKYHOOK WIRELESS INC [US])
[0012] Because individuals voluntarily supply the data, these systems suffer from a number of performance and reliability problems. First, the data across the databases are not contemporaneous; some of the data are new while other portions are 3-4 years old.
US7529905(SANDISK CORP [US])
[0085] In FIG. 12B, the file data written in FIG. 12A are updated by use of an update command. Updated file data U 1 are written immediately following the previous group (F 1 ,D 1 ), with the previous version of the updated data becoming obsolete. Previous group (F 0 ,D 0 ) of FIG. 12A is shortened to a revised group (F 0 ,D 0 ) of FIG. 12B, and previous group (F 1 ,Dl) is shortened to group (F 4 ,D 2 ). The updated data are written in two groups (F 2 ,D 3 ) and (F 3 ,D 4 ) because they overlap a boundary of memory blocks. Some of the data are stored in a third memory block. The file is now described by the following sequence of index entries for the data groups: (F 0 ,D 0 ), (F 2 ,D 3 ), (F 3 ,D 4 ), (F 4 ,D 2 ).
US10037523(VISA INT SERVICE ASS [US])
[0012] In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a data processing device, where the data processing device includes a processor, a memory, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, which when executed by the processor implement a method to receive data for a payment transaction from a point of sale terminal, wherein at least some of the data is provided to the point of sale terminal by a mobile device that communicates with the point of sale terminal using a near field communications mechanism, process the received data to generate a record of the transaction, wherein the record of the transaction includes an update to data stored in the mobile device as a result of communicating with the point of sale terminal, and provide the record of the transaction to an element of a wireless communications system, thereby causing the record of the transaction to be provided to the mobile device over a wireless network.
US10223327(FISHER ROSEMOUNT SYSTEMS INC [US])
[0111] In some embodiments, at least one of the controllers 352 a or 352 b streams at least some of its respective collected data in real-time as the data is generated by, created by, or received at each of the controllers 352 a and 352 b (e.g., the controller may not store or cache the data, or may store the data for only as long as it takes the controller to process the data for streaming). For example, at least some of the data is streamed to the appliance data receivers 122 a , 122 b by using a streaming protocol. In an embodiment, at least one of the controllers 352 a , 352 b hosts a respective streaming service, and at least one of the data receivers 122 a , 122 b and/or the data storage area 120 may subscribe to the streaming service.
のみに接続されている：
US9437209(Intel Corp)
In some aspects, a transmission system can include a transmitting device that includes multiple transmission antennas where the transmission switch occurs on the transmitting device side. In the configuration where the transmit side comprises multiple antennas connected to a single amplification unit, switching may alternatively be accomplished solely on the transmit side. In this case, the transmission antennas are switchably connected to the amplification unit and each transmission antenna is only connected to（＊ネイティブはこの位置の方が多いか？）the amplification unit during the time slice when the transmission antenna's corresponding receiver or receivers are to receive power.
US10853283(Intel Corp)
In addition, as described in greater detail below, read latency measurement module 42 uses the calculated latency for each completed request to generate more general performance metrics for root port 36A. Read latency measurement module 42 may then store those metrics in read metrics table 47. For instance, read latency measurement module 42 may calculate an average read latency, a maximum read latency, and a minimum read latency, for all completed device read requests that have traversed root port 36A. And since root port 36A is connected only to graphics adapter 17, those performance metrics apply as well to graphics adapter 17.
US20120249389(Boeing Co)
3. The antenna system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of transmission lines is a plurality of dual conductor transmission lines, wherein a first conductive connector at the terminal is connected to the selected conductor and the adjacent conductor and a second conductive connector at the terminal is connected to only the selected conductor.
「コスト低減を可能とするこの画像処理装置は・・・を有する」
This image processing device that achieves cost reduction comprises ...
この英訳に私は違和感を感じますが別に問題無いのでしょうか？
違和感の正体は何かと調べてみると、thisはdeterminer、指示形容詞、限定詞、決定詞であって、"refers to stg/sb that has already been mentioned" (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary), "refers to things or people in a definite way" (Collings Cobuild English Grammar)なので、thisと言うからには主題"image processing device"はすでに紹介済みである、または確定されているはず、にも関わらず続けて関係代名詞の限定用法であるthatであたかも主題が初出・未定義であるかの如くその役割・性質・特性等の説明を後出しで付け加えるのは変、だから気持ち悪いのだと思います。
既出の主題に修飾を補足的に付加するのであれば、非限定用法の方が自然だと思います。
This image processing device, which achieves cost reduction, comprises ...
または関係代名詞を使わない。
This image processing device achieves cost reduction and comprises ...
初出であれば不定冠詞。
An image processing device that achieves cost reduction comprises ...
sock: a white marking on the lower part of a horse's leg (New Oxford American Dictionary)
説明不要だから。
しかし、誰が何を根拠に説明の要不要を決めるのか？
上記の例で、a lower part ofでも別に良いのでは？
さすがに辞書の定義だから最初のwhite markingに定冠詞を付ける気にはならないか?しかし、書き手話し手が「あの、皆知っているはずのwhite marking」という意識ならthe white markingとするはず。
結局は話者の意識の問題で、唯一の正解は無い場合が多いのでは？
ただ、特許の場合は（特にクレームで）通常なら定冠詞のところを初出だからとの理由で敢えて不定冠詞を用いる場合もありますが。
追記：
無冠詞：付ける理由・必要が無いから。特別な意味を付けたくないから。
最強の冠詞用法：必要に応じて適切に用いる。
"He guessed that those marks were made by the blades attached to the smaller piece of the fan disk, which was still missing," Flight 232, Laurence Gonzales, W. W. Norton & Company
ユナイテッド航空232便の不時着事故。文法的にはwhichはthe fan diskにも係り得るが、現場でfan diskは発見されているという文脈から、whichはthe smaller pieceに係ると分かる。
US2011228945
[0004] Audio systems typically include an audio source providing audio content in the form of an audio signal, an amplifier to amplify the audio signal, and one or more loudspeakers（＊無冠詞複数、初出）to convert the amplified audio signal to sound waves. Loudspeakers（＊無冠詞複数、様々、一般）are typically indicated by a loudspeaker manufacturer as having a nominal impedance value, such as 4 ohms or 8 ohms. In reality, the impedance of a loudspeaker（＊不定冠詞、ある具体例）varies with frequency. Variations in loudspeaker impedance with respect to frequency may be shown with a loudspeaker impedance curve, which is typically provided by the manufacturer with a manufactured model of a loudspeaker（＊不定冠詞、ある具体例）.
[0005] A loudspeaker（＊不定冠詞、ある具体例、代表、というもの、なるもの）, however, is an electromechanical device that is sensitive to variations in voltage and current, as well as environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity. In addition, during operation a loudspeaker voice coil may be subject to heating and cooling dependent on the level of amplification of the audio content. Moreover, variations in manufacturing and materials among a particular loudspeaker design may also cause significant deviation in a loudspeaker's（＊不定冠詞、ある具体例）pre-specified parameters.
英米間の関係代名詞の違い
pea:
a spherical green seed which is eaten as a vegetable (Oxford Dictionary of English, Amazon Kindle)
a spherical green seed that is widely eaten as a vegetable (The New Oxford American Dictionary, Amazon Kindle)
関係副詞と関係代名詞で修飾。
Math is Fun, Prisms
"deadliest and costliest fires start not in the heart of isolated forests but at the widlland-urban interface, where developed and undeveloped land meet" ("Stopping climate change is no longer enough," The New York Times Int'l Edition, 17SEP2020)
複数扱いの集合名詞（police, people, cattle等）なら習ったが、"land"でも？"lands meet"なら納得なんですが。
要は記者は集合名詞と考えて書いたってこと？重要なのは見た目ではないんだと？
20210224
いやいや、単にs付け忘れだろう。
または、ネイティブには自然な文法規則の逸脱。
"fossilized leg bones (fibula) with malignant bone cancer belonging to the horned dinosaur Centrosaurus apertus" ("Fresh examination of 'gnarly' tumor shows dinosaurs got cancer, too", The Japan Times, 8AUG2020"
WO2016132273
a device layer disposed（＊初回の修飾：分詞）on the cooling layers that（＊2回目の修飾：関係代名詞）has one or more connection points and a device layer area
WO2009021285
including sequences located（＊初回の修飾：分詞）adjacent to the coding region on both the 5' and 3' ends for a distance of at least about 2 kb on either end and which（＊2回目の修飾：and+関係代名詞）are involved in expression of the gene.
The sequences which are（＊初回の修飾：関係代名詞）located 5' of the coding region and which are（＊2回目の修飾：関係代名詞）present on the mRNA are referred to as 5' non-translated sequences.
Article 15, PCT
a translation（翻訳文）prepared（作成）by the applicant in a language prescribed（所定の言語であって）for international applications and which the International Searching Authority has undertaken to accept
WO2018013711
a clear and continued need to provide Cryptococcosis treatments that are orally available, effective, and which may be provided at reduced cost.
