消衰係数

US2022340896(FRIEDRICH MIESCHER INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES [CH])
EGFP has an extinction coefficient (denoted ε), also known as its optical cross section of 9.13×10-21 m2 /molecule, also quoted as 55,000 L/(mol•cm).
ＥＧＦＰは、９．１３×１０－２１ｍ^２／分子の光学的断面積としても公知であり、５５，０００Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ・ｃｍ）としても引用される、消衰係数（εと表示される）を有する。

Superfolder GFP, a series of mutations that allow GFP to rapidly fold and mature even when fused to poorly folding peptides, was reported in 2006.
十分にフォールディングしていないペプチドと融合した場合でもＧＦＰが迅速にフォールディングし、成熟するのを可能とする一連の突然変異であるスーパーフォールダー（Ｓｕｐｅｒｆｏｌｄｅｒ）ＧＦＰが２００６年に報告された。

US10186424(ROHM & HAAS ELECT MAT [US])
[0036] The siloxane underlayer formed from the present compositions typically
【００３５】
  本組成物から形成されるシロキサン下層は典型的には、

has a refractive index (n value) in the range of 1.7 to 2, preferably 1.75 to 1.95, and more preferably 1.8 to 1.9, and an extinction coefficient (or optical absorption) (k value) in the range of 0.2 to 0.5, preferably 0.25 to 0.5, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.4, at a wavelength of 193 nm.
１９３ｎｍの波長において、１．７～２、好ましくは１．７５～１．９５、より好ましくは１．８～１．９の範囲の屈折率（ｎ値）、及び０．２～０．５、好ましくは０．２５～０．５、さらに好ましくは０．３～０．４の範囲の消衰係数（または光学的吸収）（ｋ値）を有する。

The present siloxane underlayer has a water contact angle of <75°, preferably <70°, and more preferably a water contact angle in the range of 40° to 60°, as measured using a Kruss DSA-100 contact angle goniometer.
本シロキサン下層は、ＫｒｕｓｓＤＳＡ－１００接触角角度計を使用して測定されるとき、＜７５°、好ましくは＜７０°の水の接触角、及びより好ましくは４０°～６０°の範囲の水の接触角を有する。

Typically, the siloxane underlayer has a thickness of from 5 to 25 nm, preferably from 5 to 20 nm, more preferably from 8 to 20 nm, and even more preferably from 10 to 20 nm
典型的には、シロキサン下層は５～２５ｎｍ、好ましくは、５～２０ｎｍ、より好ましくは８～２０ｎｍ、さらにより好ましくは１０～２０ｎｍの厚さを有する。

砕石

WO2016196599
The term "concrete"
【００３７】
  「コンクリート」という用語は、

will be used herein generally to refer to

a hydratable cementitious mixture comprising water, cement, sa nd, usually a coarse aggregate such as crushed stone, rock, or gravel, and optional chemical admixture(s). 
水、セメント、砂、通常は砕石、岩若しくは砂利のような粗凝集体、及び任意の化学物質添加物（１種若しくは複数）を含んでなる水和可能なセメント系混合物

を指すのに一般に本明細書で使用することができる。

US2019032298
 In practice, it is beneficial to execute this assembly operation in the immediate proximity of a stock of filler material 70, for example on the site of a quarry for exacting and producing crushed stone aggregate.
実際に、例えば砕石集合体を取り出して生成するために砕石場の現場で、充填材料７０の在庫のすぐ近くでこの組立て操作を実施することは有利である。

画素を分離

US10608039
[0011] As the light rays 24 continue downward from the lens into the polymer layers 18 a and 18 b ,
【００１１】
  光線２４は、レンズからポリマー層１８ａ及び１８ｂ内へと下に進み続けるので、

they are reflected by the interface (shown at reference numerals 26 a and 26 b ) between the respective polymer layers 18 a and 18 b and the dielectric layer 14 (having an index of refraction of about n=1.53) in which they are formed.
これらの光線は、それらが形成される各ポリマー層１８ａ及び１８ｂと誘電層１４（約ｎ＝１．５３の屈折率を有する）との間の境界面（参照番号２６ａ及び２６ｂで示される）によって反射される。

This interface is not 100% reflective and so some of the light shown in dashed lines at reference numerals 28 
この境界面は、１００％反射するものではなく、したがって、参照番号２８の破線で示される光の一部は、

passes through the interface, through the dielectric layer separating the two adjacent pixels,
境界面を通過し、２つの隣接する画素を分離する誘電層を通って、隣接する画素センサー内に不所望に入り、

and undesirably into adjacent pixel sensors causing undesirable crosstalk.
望ましくないクロストークを生じさせる。

WO2020092471
2. The photodetector device of Claim 1 , wherein

the at least one photodiode comprises two or more photodiodes that define a pixel（＊実際は複数であるだろうが単数）of the photodetector device,
【請求項２】
  前記少なくとも１つのフォトダイオードは、前記光検出器デバイスの画素を画定する２つ以上のフォトダイオードを含み、

and wherein the optical structures are configured to direct the incident photons to any of the two or more photodiodes of the pixel for the detection thereby.
前記光学構造は、前記画素の前記２つ以上のフォトダイオードのうちのいずれかに前記入射光子を誘導することで検出するように構成されている、

請求項１に記載の光検出器デバイス。

3. The photodetector device of Claim 2, further comprising:

respective isolation regions separating the pixel from neighboring pixels（＊初出で複数）of the photodetector device,
【請求項３】
  前記光検出器デバイスの隣接画素から前記画素を分離するそれぞれの分離領域を更に含み、

wherein the pixel is free of the respective isolation regions between the two or more photodiodes thereof.

前記画素には、該画素の前記２つ以上のフォトダイオード間に前記それぞれの分離領域が存在しないものである、

請求項２に記載の光検出器デバイス。

よくある表現（非限定、定義、但し書き）

WO20170223403
[0018] The aspects of the disclosure and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non- limiting aspects and examples that are described and/or illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description.
【００１０】
  本開示の態様と、その様々な特徴および優位な詳細は、添付の図面において説明され、および／または示され、また以下の明細書において詳細に説明される非限定的な態様および例を参照してより十分に説明される。

It should be noted that the features illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and features of one aspect may be employed with other aspects as the skilled artisan would recognize, even if not explicitly stated herein.
当業者においては、認識されるように、明細書において明確に述べられていなくとも図面中に示される特徴は必ずしも一定の縮尺で描かれているわけではなく、また一つの態様の特徴は別の態様でも用いられ得ることに留意されるべきである。

Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques may be omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the aspects of the disclosure.
周知の要素および加工技術についての記載は、本開示の態様を不必要にわかりにくくすることのないように省略され得る。

The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the disclosure may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the aspects of the disclosure.
明細書において用いられる例は単に、本開示において用いられる方法についての理解を助けること、またさらに当業者が本開示の態様を実施できるようにすることを目的としている。

Accordingly, the examples and aspects herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure, which is defined solely by the appended claims and applicable law.
したがって、明細書における態様および例は本開示の範囲に限定されて解釈されるものではなく、添付の特許請求の範囲および適用可能な法律によってのみ定められる。

Moreover, it is noted that like reference numerals represent similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
さらに、いくつかの図面の表示全体を通して、同様の（＊同一の）参照番号は同様の部分を表すことに留意されたい。

 

[0019] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms.
【００１１】
  第一の（ｆｉｒｓｔ）、第二の（ｓｅｃｏｎｄ）等の用語は、本明細書において用いられる様々な要素を記述するために用いられるが、これらの要素はこれらの用語によって限定されるべきでないことを理解されたい。

 

These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
これらの用語は、一つの要素を別の要素から区別するためにのみ用いられる。

 

For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
例えば、本開示の範囲から逸脱することなく、第一の要素は第二の要素と称することができ、また、同様に、第二の要素は第一の要素と称することができる。

 

As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
明細書において用いられるように、用語「および／または（ａｎｄ／ｏｒ）」は、挙げられた項目のうち一つまたは複数のいくつか、または全ての組み合わせを包含する。

 

[0020] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or extending "onto" another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the another element or intervening elements may also be present.
【００１２】
  層、領域、または基板等の要素が別の要素の「上に（ｏｎ）」存在する、または「上へ（ｏｎｔｏ）」延びるという表現が用いられる場合には、別の要素の上に直接存在するか、または上へ直接延びることができ、または介在する要素が存在してもよいことを理解されたい。

 

In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or extending "directly onto" another element, there are no intervening elements present.
これとは対照的に、要素が別の要素の「上に直接（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｏｎ）」存在する、または「上へ直接（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｏｎｔｏ）」延びるという表現が用いられる場合には、介在する要素は存在しない。

 

Likewise, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being "over" or extending "over" another element, it can be directly over or extend directly over the another element or intervening elements may also be present.
同様に、層、領域、または基板等の要素が「わたって（ｏｖｅｒ）」いる、または「わたって（ｏｖｅｒ）」延びるという表現が用いられる場合には、別の要素に直接わたっているか、または直接わたって延びることができ、または介在する要素が存在してもよいことを理解されたい。

 

In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly over" or extending "directly over" another element, there are no intervening elements present.
これとは対照的に、別の要素に「直接わたって（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｏｖｅｒ）」いるか、または「直接わたって（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｏｖｅｒ）」延びるという表現が用いられる場合には、介在する要素は存在しない。

 

It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the another element or intervening elements may be present.
要素が別の要素に「接続される（ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ）」または「結合される（ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ）」という表現が用いられる場合には、別の要素に直接接続または結合されることができ、または介在する要素が存在してもよいことを理解されたい。

 

In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
これとは対照的に、要素が別の要素に「直接接続される（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ）」または「直接結合される（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ）」という表現が用いられる場合には、介在する要素は存在しない。
【００１３】

 

[0021] Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "upper" or "lower" or "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element, layer, or region to another element, layer, or region as illustrated in the Figures.
 「より下に（ｂｅｌｏｗ）」または「より上に（ａｂｏｖｅ）」または「上方の（ｕｐｐｅｒ）」または「下方の（ｌｏｗｅｒ）」または「水平な（ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌ）」または「垂直な（ｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌ）」等の相対的な用語は、図面中に示される一つの要素、層、または領域と別の要素、層、または領域との関係を記述するために本明細書において用いられ得る。

 

It will be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures.
 これらの用語およびこれらの上で議論された事項は、図面中で描写された向きに加え、デバイスの異なる向きをも包含することを意図したものであることを理解されたい。

 

[0022] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
【００１４】
  明細書において用いられる用語は、特定の態様のみを記述することを目的としており、本開示を限定することを意図していない。

 

As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
明細書において用いられるように、単数形（の表現）である「ａ」、「ａｎ」、および「ｔｈｅ」は文脈において別途明確に示さない限り、複数形（のもの）もまた包含することを意図されている。

 

It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," and/or "including" when used herein
明細書において用いられる場合の用語「備える（ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｓ）」、「備えている（ｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｉｎｇ）」、「含む（ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ）」、および／または「含んでいる（ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ）」は、

 

specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components,
記載された特徴、整数、ステップ、操作、元素、および／または構成要素の存在を明示するものであり、

 

but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
一つまたは複数の他の特徴、整数、ステップ、操作、元素、構成要素および／またはそれらの群の存在を排除するものではないことをさらに理解されたい。

 

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
【００１５】
  別途定義されない限り、明細書において用いられる（技術用語および科学用語を含む）全ての用語は、この開示が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を持つ。

 

It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification
明細書において用いられる用語はこの明細書の文脈および関連技術における意味と矛盾しない意味を有するように解釈されるべきであり、

 

and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
また明細書において明確に定義されない限り、理想化された、または過度に形式的な意味で解釈されるべきではないことを理解されたい。

交換可能に

WO2015073551
"1. A fluid application device, comprising:

an applicator head; and

a modular nozzle assembly fluidly coupled and secured to the applicator head, the modular nozzle assembly comprising:

at least one guide slot configured to receive a strand of material; at least one orifice configured to discharge a first fluid onto a respective strand of material; and

at least one securing opening extending through the modular nozzle assembly, each securing opening configured to receive a releasable securing element;

wherein, the modular nozzle assembly is one of a modular contact nozzle assembly and a modular non-contact nozzle assembly, and the one of the modular contact nozzle assembly and the modular non-contact nozzle assembly is interchangeably securable to（交換可能に取付可能）the applicator head with the other."

WO2013071352
"39. A treatment module according to any one of claims 34 to 38, comprising a coupling operable to interchangeably connect（交換可能に接続するように動作可能）one or more outlets of the cover member with a vent to atmosphere and a respective one or more negative pressure sources."

WO2006132693
"15. The construction toy of claim 9, wherein (a) said adapter blocks have length, width and height dimensions corresponding to those of a standard existing building block of known specifications, whereby said adapter blocks may be utilized in block type constructions interchangeably with（交換可能に）said standard existing building blocks."

WO2009132465
"10. The footwear assembly of claim 1 wherein the ERS is configured to be interchanged with（交換可能に構成）another ERS with at least one of a different shape or resiliency."

目開き

US9133111
"Calculate the weight percentage of the test specimen retained（保持）on each sieve.  Express the weight percentage passing through each sieve, and cumulated（累加）.  Determine by graphical interpolation the mesh opening（メッシュの目開き）equivalent to the 90% and 99.5% cumulated weight percentage (D₉₀, D_99.5)."

US8076530(JP)
"Classification at a time of measuring mass average particle diameter (D50) and logarithmic standard deviation (σξ) of particle diameter distribution is performed as follows: 10.0 g of water-absorbing resin particles or a primary water-absorbing agent is put in the JIS standard sieves (IIDA TESTING SIEVE: diameter 8 cm) with mesh openings（目開き）being 850 μm, 710 μm, 600 μm, 500 μm, 425 μm, 300 μm, 212 μm, 150 μm, 45 μm etc., and is classified for 5 minutes by a vibrating classifier (IIDA SIEVE SHAKER, TYPE: ES-65 (rotational frequency: 60 Hz 230 rpm, number of concussion: 60 Hz 130 rpm), SER. No. 0501) under conditions that the temperature is a room temperature (23±2° C.) and humidity is 50RH %."

昇降

WO2006020631
(Abstract)
"An apparatus (10) for contactless measurement of sheet charge density and mobility includes a microwave source (16), a circular waveguide (50) for transmitting microwave power to a sample (59), such as a semiconductor wafer or panel for flat panel displays, at a measurement location, a first detector (18) for detecting the forward microwave power, a second detector (23) for detecting the microwave power reflected from the sample, and a third detector (95) for detecting the Hall effect power. An automatic positioning subsystem (700) is also provided for allowing automatic positioning of a wafer (59) within the test apparatus (10). The positioning system (700) includes a first end effector (706) and a rotator-lifter（回転/昇降器）(704). The first end effector (706) can grasp a sheet element (59) and move it to a desired position within the test apparatus (10), while the rotator lifter (704) provides incremental adjustment of a theta angle of the sheet element (59) to allow automated mapping of an entire sheet element without the need for（要することなく）manual adjustment of the position of the sheet element. A second end effector (716) can be mounted opposite（対向）the first end effector (706) and can be used to automatically position the sheet element (59) within a sheet resistance testing module (718) located at an opposite end of the apparatus (10)."

US9236305
(Abstract)
"Laser and plasma etch wafer dicing where(便利なwhere) a mask is formed covering(～するように、～して形成) ICs formed on the wafer, as well as any bumps providing an interface to the ICs. The semiconductor wafer is coupled to a film frame by an adhesive film. The mask is patterned by laser scribing to provide a patterned mask with gaps. The laser scribing exposes regions of the semiconductor wafer, below thin film layers from which the ICs are formed. The semiconductor wafer is plasma etched through the gaps in the patterned mask while the film frame is maintained at an acceptably low temperature with a chamber shield ring configured to(～するように構成された状態で) sit beyond the wafer edge and cover the frame. The shield ring may be raised and lowered（昇降）, for example, on lifter pins to facilitate transfer of the wafer on frame."

US9108322
(Abstract)
"A system and method for monitoring forces on a substrate lifting apparatus（昇降装置）. The system includes a platen cartridge with a platen and a movable lifting（昇降）portion. The movable lifting portion includes a plurality of lifting arms coupled to a plurality of lift（昇降）pins. A plurality of force sensing elements are associated with （対応）respective ones of the plurality of lifting arms and the plurality of lift pins. A controller receives signals from the plurality of force sensing elements, correlates the signals to respective forces applied to said plurality of lift pins. The correlated forces may indicate to the controller that an error condition exists, such as a stuck wafer, a broken wafer, a mis-positioned wafer, or a mechanical malfunction."

US20090233449
"2. The etching system of claim 1, further including means for lowering and lifting（昇降）the semiconductor wafer or sample to and from the sample holder.

US2015027917
Abstract
"A pallet system (50 b) is formed from a pallet (10) and a plurality of panels (54 a, 54 b, 54 c, 54 t and 56). The pallet (10) has a base (12) configured to receive members of a lifting apparatus to enable lifting（昇降）of the pallet (10). The panels (54 a, 54 b, 54 c, 54 t and 56) are coupled to each other and the pallet (10) to enable the panels to be moved between a closed configuration and an open configuration. In the closed configuration the panels can surround and contain one or more articles on the pallet (10). In the open configuration one of the panels is positioned to provide an opening to enable transfer of an article through the opening onto or off of the pallet (10) in a direction substantially parallel to a plane of the pallet (10)."

"[0084] When it is desired to load articles onto or unload articles from the pallet system 50 the panel 56 can be moved by decoupling it from the sleeves 62 to thereby create the opening 60 and reconnected or engaged with the panel 54b by locating the fingers 66 in the sleeves 64. This can be performed by lifting（上昇）then lowering（下降）of the panel 56 relative to the other panels 54 in a plane of the panels."

US7636966
"15. A docking station for use with a hospital bed having a base frame, a set of casters coupled to the base frame, and a patient support deck supported above the base frame, the docking station comprising: a column, a docking port coupled to the column and coupleable to（結合可能）the hospital bed the docking port being configured（構成）for delivery of at least one of（少なくとも１つの）a video service, an audio service, a data service, a communication service, a power service, a medical gas service, a vacuum service, a hydraulic service, or （選択肢のor）a pressurized air service to the hospital bed through the base frame while the casters of the base frame of the hospital bed remain supported by an underlying floor, and a patient table coupled to the column above the docking port.

16. The docking station of claim 15, wherein the patient table is raisable and lowerable（昇降可能）relative to the column."

光取出し効率、光取り出し効率、光取出効率

US8766296（中村修二氏の発明）
"1. A (B, Al, Ga, In)N light emitting diode (LED), comprised of: at least an n-type layer, an emitting layer, and a p-type layer; wherein light from the emitting layer is extracted（取り出す）through a nitrogen face (N-face) surface of the LED and the N-face surface of the LED is comprised of structures that increase extraction efficiency of the light（光取出し効率）out of the N-face surface of the LED; wherein the structures comprise a plurality of etched cones; and wherein the etched cones have a size not smaller than a wavelength of the light extracted from the N-face surface."

US8659221
(Abstract)
"A light extraction（抽出）film having multi-periodic zones of engineered（人工）nanostructures. The light extraction film includes a flexible substrate, a layer of low index engineered nanostructures applied to the substrate, and a high index backfill layer applied over the nanostructures. The multi-periodic zones include a repeating zone of the nanostructures having multi-periodic characteristics. The repeating zone includes first and second sets of nanostructures having different periodic pitches（周期ピッチ）. The multi-periodic zones can be used to enhance（高める）the light output and tune the angular luminosity of organic light emitting diode devices."

"In OLED devices, over 70% of the generated light is typically lost due to processes within the device structure. The trapping of light at the interfaces between the higher index organic and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers and the lower index substrate layers is the major cause of this poor extraction efficiency（抽出効率）. Only a relatively small amount of the emitted light emerges（現れる）through the transparent electrode as "useful" light. The majority of the light undergoes internal reflections（内部反射される）, resulting in light being emitted from the edge of the device or trapped within the device and eventually being lost to absorption within the device after making repeated passes.

Light extraction films use internal nanostructures to avoid waveguiding losses within the device. While providing strong light extraction（光の取出し）, internal nanostructures, comprising regular features such as photonic crystals or linear gratings, tend to produce diffraction-related variations in the angular and spectral distributions of the emitted light, which may not be desirable in final applications. Thus, a need exists for（必要性が存在）a light extraction film that simultaneously enhances the efficiency of light extraction（光取出し効率）via the nanostructures, while also reducing undesirable luminance and color angular non-uniformity in the light output."

US8188486
(Abstract)
"An optical disk for use in converting light emitted from a light-emitting diode chip to white light.（名詞句）The optical disk includes a tapered surface such that a center area of the disk has a width greater than a width of an outer area of the disk. The optical disk is formed of a silicone having at least one weight percent mix of phosphor. Various embodiments of this generally described optical disk are also presented."

"Such a lighting module combines the thermal advantages of chip-on-board (COB) LED construction with the enhanced light extraction（光取出し効率）of packaged discrete LED construction to form a 2D LED array lighting module."

US7677733
(Abstract)
"A method of designing a backlight light guide for an autostereoscopic（自動立体）3D display includes specifying a backlight having a light guide thickness and extractor angle and a light transmission surface having a predetermined width value and a predetermined length value. Then, the method includes selecting a plurality of design parameter value pairs, where each parameter value pairs includes a light guide thickness value and a prism angle value, and each design parameter value pair is different from each other. Then the method includes executing an ray tracing optical model on the light guide for each parameter value pair to calculate output data for each parameter value pair, the output data including a single pass light extraction efficiency（光取出し効率）value, an average minimum light angle value emitted from the second surface, and a maximum flux/minimum flux value emitted from the second surface; and selecting a parameter value pair based on the output data to manufacture the light guide for an autostereoscopic 3D display."

適宜

US9249484
"By first solutionizing, and then cold working by at least 25%, and then appropriately（適宜）thermally treating the 7xxx aluminum alloy body, the 7xxx aluminum alloy body may realize improved properties, as described in further detail below."

US9416206
"For ICP-AES measurements, the samples to be measured are first ashed, then dissolved in an appropriate acidic solution, followed by appropriate dilution（適宜希釈する）to fall within the standard calibration curve. A suitable instrument is the IRIS ADVANTAGE DUAL VIEW instrument manufactured by Thermo Electron Corporation"

US7321014
"The polysiloxane polycarbonate copolymer may be manufactured by reaction of the corresponding dihydroxy polysiloxane with a carbonate source and a dihydroxy aromatic compound of formula (5), optionally in the presence of（適宜、上記の相間移動触媒の存在下で）a phase transfer catalyst as described above."

US2005171297
"[0005] In the following specification and the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise（単数形で記載したものであっても、前後関係から明らかでない限り、複数の場合も含めて意味する）. "Optional"（任意）or "optionally"（適宜）means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not. As used herein（本明細書で用いる）the term "polycarbonate" refers to polycarbonates comprising structural units derived from a carbonate precursor and at least one dihydroxy-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, and includes copolycarbonates."

"[0027] In some embodiments the rubber substrate may optionally（適宜）comprise structural units derived from minor amounts of other unsaturated monomers"

US20150292490
"[0235] Multi-stage cabinet heat exchangers allow for the use of a hybrid cascade OTEC cycle. These stacks of heat exchangers comprise multiple heat exchanger stages or sections that have sea water passing through them（内部を海水が通過する段階またはセクション；＊便利なhave）in series to boil or condense the working fluid as appropriate（適宜）. In the evaporator section the warm sea water passes through the first stage where（そこで；＊便利なwhere）it boils off some of the working fluid as the sea water is cooled. The warm sea water then flows down the stack into the next heat exchanger stage and boils off additional working fluid at a slightly lower pressure and temperature. This occurs sequentially through the entire stack. Each stage or section of the cabinet heat exchanger supplies working fluid vapor to a dedicated turbine that generates electrical power（電力）. Each of the evaporator stages has a corresponding condenser stage at the exhaust of the turbine. The cold sea water passes through the condenser stacks in a reverse order to（反対の順番で）the evaporators."

US2012193922
"[0155] The rotation of the turbine blade 170 is captured by the generator 114 to generate electricity which is then fed through a cable 166 to power control and conditioning circuitry (not shown) before being output for use in various applications. Some of these applications will be discussed in due course（適宜）."

US9243818
"In general terms（一般論として）, these solar collector assemblies have their solar collector modules, typically photovoltaic modules, supported on a frame. The frame commonly includes a frame member, sometimes referred to as（適宜～と呼ばれる）a torque tube or torque member, which serves as an axis."

US7737568
"A suitable screen or guard is provided（適宜設けられ）at the inlet of the ports 68 to prevent access of debris and the like into the interior of the ballast chamber."

US2005056435
"The use of multiple handles limits the movement of the assembly 40 to provide suitable control（適宜に制御）of the water and foam stream and maintain user safety."

美観、審美的、美学

US9169426
"14. A wall assembly comprising: (a) two adjacent boards, joined by a seam; (b) only one-coat of the joint compound composition of claim 1 in the seam to provide a uniform aesthetic appearance（美的外観）; and (c) dimensionally stable non-swelling flat joint tape embedded in the seam."

US9338908
"After process 900 is complete, the finished part in FIG. 10D has a highly reflective and smooth chamfer 1012 with sharply defined and cosmetically appealing（美的に魅力のある）edges."

WO2014000078
"A blind having a head rail (12),with upper and lower regions, and having an upper blind roller (30), a lower blind attachment (32) an upper blind (18) on the upper blind roller (30), a lower blind (16) on the lower blind attachment (32), upper and lower blind control mechanism (62, 64) and in which the upper blind (18) is operable to depend down beside a predetermined side of said lower blind attachment (32), and the lower blind (16) is operable to depend down alongside but spaced from said upper blind (18), so as to provide a head rail having a slim, aesthetically pleasing（美観的に好ましい）profile."

US8813423
"4. The plant growing system of claim 2, wherein the plant has superior genetics that enhance yield, aesthetics（美観）and garden performance compared to a plant growing system that does not have a super amount of a controlled-release fertilizer."

US8851308
"In various embodiments a frame system for a surgical system may include a plurality of rod structures cross connected through one or more structural members. In some embodiments, the rod structures may each include at least one rod with an interface joint molded over the at least one rod. One or more of the interface joints may include a receiving hole for receiving a structural member to couple at least two of the plurality of rod structures together. One or more surgical components (such as a surgical console) may be received into the frame system. Other components may also be received into the frame system (e.g., an aesthetic skin（美観的外板、表皮）). The rod structures may also include cross face structural members that are secured to portions of the rod structures through being molded to the rod structures through the interface joints."

WO2010071879
"An extruded composite adapted for use as a building material includes a core having a base polymer and a natural fiber in a substantially homogeneous mixture and an ionomer capstock. To improve adherence of the ionomer to a base polymer, the ionomer can be mixed with a similar or substantially similar base polymer prior to coextrusion with the core. Additionally, various additives may be mixed with the capstock material to improve visual aesthetics（外見上の美観）of the product and performance of the building material, especially over time."

US8648029
(Title)
"Composition comprising a diester quaternary ammonium fabric softener with durable pearlescent aesthetics（美観）"

aesthetics: 1) a branch of philosophy; 2) a pleasing apperance or effect; beauty (Merriam-Webster Unabridged)

Aesthetics: singular or plural? (Yahoo Answers)
References in Classics Literature (TheFreeDictionary.com)

相槌

US2015209664
"[0142] As another example, the magic mirror device 1500 could communicate with an eBook reader controlled by the user to determine which book the user is currently reading and which page of a particular book the eBook reader is currently displaying. The magic mirror device 1500 could then chime in（相槌を打つ）at exactly the right time (e.g., momentarily（間もなく、直ぐ）after the user has turned the page) by displaying a head of a fictional character and outputting（出力）an audio stream with commentary to enhance the story being told on the legacy（旧来の）media platform (i.e., the book the user is reading)."

US20080282774
"[0002] Streaming media (e.g., video and/or audio) to mobile devices such as cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc., is an important emerging market. For example, in order to lessen a user's perceived duration of being "on-hold," a customized movie trailer or other interesting video content may be streamed to the mobile device. Also, being able to select and watch professionally produced material such as sports, or movies while away from a home or office environment greatly expands the market for video on demand (VoD). Additionally, adding a video back channel（相槌）(e.g., expressions, gestures, postures, etc.) lessens the perceived gap between remote and local interactions."

backchannel: "the practice of using networked computers to maintain a real-time online conversation alongside the primary group activity or live spoken remarks. The term was coined in the field of linguistics to describe listeners' behaviours during verbal communication." (Backchannel, Wikipedia)（ニコニコ動画のコメントも指す？）

テキスト化

US2015220712（特表2015-508530）
"[0102] The hub information may also be context relevant to the members of the hub, and the calendar includes shared hub events. Calendar updates can be posted as notice events on the wall, and a user can look at the wall to see upcoming hub events, or the events that pertain to one or more other members of the hub. Messaging may also be performed that is private among the members of the hub. A member can instant text (or other communication) to all other members in the hub. Texting（テキスト化）--such as for a work meeting--can divide each members' display on their respective devices into individual screens for each member."

US8855275（特表2010-507353）
"At least one of the messages may be converted to text（テキスト化）. The messages may be received from one or more channels or speakers, each channel or speaker having an associated priority level, and the priority system may be such that a higher priority message is played back and a lower priority message is converted to text."

"A "speaker" is a person who provides the content of a media message. Similarly, a "listener" is a person who is provided the content of a media message. A listener need not actually listen to the media message--the same may choose to skip the playback or may even automatically filter the message such that the same is skipped, deleted, played back at a later time, played back at a certain playback rate, is made the subject of a text transcription（テキスト化）, etc."

US7743064（特表2007-534089)
"8. The method according to claim 7 wherein associating textual data with the fixed-area video segments comprises transcribing audio from the fixed-area video segments into text（テキスト化）."

"It also hands media off to media processing technologies such as speech-to-text（音声テキスト化）, video OCR and structure recognition technologies."

US7149693（特表2007-503006)
"As well, with regard to information related to ADPS messages, the information can also be entered by recording an audio note. That audio note can be later transcribed on the PC 112 or can be transcribed on the DVR 104 itself if speech to text （音声テキスト化）technology is incorporated into the DVR 104 firmware."

"Speech recognition (SR) is the inter-disciplinary sub-field of computational linguistics which incorporates knowledge and research in the linguistics, computer science, and electrical engineering fields to develop methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text（テキスト化）by computers and computerized devices such as those categorized as smart technologies and robotics. It is also known as "automatic speech recognition" (ASR), "computer speech recognition", or just "speech to text" (STT)."(Speech recognition, Wikipedia)

水晶片

US7000298
"FIG. 14 therefore presents an alternative solution for SAW sensor technology and packaging, which can be applied for low pressure measurement, wherein an etched quartz diaphragm is necessary. The main advantage of this sensor technology and packaging techniques derives from the fact that the electric contact from the SAW electrodes to the external metallic pin (e.g., pin 1420) can be made much simpler, by utilizing a titanium implant connection between the SAW electrodes to wire bonding pad, both being located on the same quartz piece（水晶片）. Note that if a hole protrudes through both external cover 1408 and quartz cover 1406 in the area of gap 11402, the packaged sensor 1400 can be used as a differential measurement pressure sensor."

主面

US20130258483
"[0040] It can be desirable for the film 10, or any other transparent anti-reflective structured film according to the invention, to be used in combination with an optional transparent support backing 24. With such an embodiment, the support backing 24 has a major face（主面）24a, and the structured film substrate 12 further comprises a major backing face 12a bonded to the major face 24a of the support backing 24 so as to form a transparent reinforced anti-reflective（反射防止）structured film."

US20110184514
"[0017] When positioned within the eye, the IOL 100 provides pseudo-accommodation by changing shape（＊無冠詞）in response to contraction（＊無冠詞）of the ciliary muscles. Specifically, the peripheral edge of the IOL 100 is compressed toward the optical axis so that the vertex of the anterior face 104 and the peripheral edge move relative to one another in a direction parallel to the optical axis. This compression changes the shape factor of the IOL 100 so that the principal plane（主面）is shifted posteriorly and the spherical aberration imparted by the IOL 100 substantially changes."

US7449980
"FIGS. 1 and 2 show a voltage tunable dielectric resonator 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The resonator 1 includes a dielectric base 2 that has a width (W), a length (L) that is greater than or equal to（より大きい、または等しい；以上）the width, a thickness (t) and two, opposed（対向）major surfaces（主面）. The opposed major surfaces cannot be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, because substantially the entire outer surface of the dielectric base is covered by a metal ground coating 4, as discussed below in more detail. In addition, it should be understood（言うまでもなく） that "W," "L" and "t" in FIG. 1 designate（示す）the width, length, and thickness of the underlying dielectric base 2 that is covered by the metal ground coating 4."

通信可能

US6533502
(Abstract)
"A system for the determination of pile parameters includes at least one structure for measuring pile data. The structure for measuring pile data is disposed within a measurement range from a pile. A wireless transmitter is communicably（通信可能に）connected to the structure for measuring pile data, the wireless transmitter （＊主語の繰り返し） for transmitting the pile data to at least one remotely located receiver. Pile data is preferably（好適には）encoded in the transmitted data signal. The remotely located receiver is communicably（通信可能に）connected to a device for determining at least one pile parameter from the pile measurement data. A method for driving piles includes the steps of wirelessly transmitting pile data to at least one remote receiver, determining at least one pile driving process parameter from the pile data, and driving the pile using the determined pile driving parameter."