US8,360,982(General Electric Company)
タイトルでの不定冠詞：
Method and apparatus for operating a micromotor in a fluid using a moisture barrier
（なんとなく抵抗あるが、別にいいのか・・・？）
要約：
A device and a method for sealing a micromotor with an optional associated gearbox are disclosed where（こういうwhereは何となく嫌われたような気がする。文法というより、文体の問題？まあwhereでつなぐ必要も無いし・・・） in one aspect of the present invention, a catheter tip comprises（compriseは要約では避けるよう言われる場合もある）a micromotor; an ultrasound imaging transducer; a gearbox mechanically coupled to the micromotor, the gearbox having a rotatable portion mechanically coupled to the ultrasound imaging transducer array; and a moisture barrier disposed so as to reduce or prevent acoustic coupling fluid from entering both the gearbox and the micromotor.
クレーム１：
1. A catheter tip comprising: a micromotor disposed in an acoustic coupling fluid; an ultrasound imaging transducer rotatably coupled to said micromotor and disposed in the acoustic coupling fluid; a rotatable portion rotatably coupled to said ultrasound imaging transducer; and a moisture barrier comprised of（構成される、から成る）one of a flexible membrane boot or a membrane seal（選択肢のor) including a resilient opening, the moisture barrier disposed（being disposedでもＯＫ？）so as to reduce or prevent the acoustic coupling fluid from entering said micromotor, wherein（独立項でのwherein節）the membrane seal including the resilient opening is shaped and sized to（するように）attach to said micromotor and configured（形成） substantially circular and having a generally cylindrical membrane rim extending from a circumferential perimeter, the cylindrical membrane rim being retained by at least one membrane ring and wherein the membrane seal is configured to（形成？構成？）minimize rotational torque load on the micromotor and allow for rotational motion between the micromotor and the rotatable portion; wherein said flexible membrane boot is shaped and sized to enclose said micromotor and the rotatable portion and wherein said flexible membrane boot is configured to allow for rotational motion between the micromotor and the rotatable portion.
発明の背景冒頭：
The subject matter（the inventionは避けているのか？他の部分でpresent inventionは頻繁に使っているが・・・やっぱり初っ端だから？）disclosed herein relates to micromotor assemblies and, in particular, to micromotors with gearboxes operating in fluid environments.
悪化、悪影響：
"The performance and reliability of a micromotor operating in a fluid environment can be adversely affected by the seepage of the fluid into the micromotor"
対応：
"Fluid in the gearbox may substantially increase friction loading on the micromotor and correspondingly decrease the amount of torque available to drive an external load"
利用：
"Medical cardiac interventional procedures, such as real-time three-dimensional intra-cardiac echocardiography (4D ICE), for example, typically make use of a catheter-guided transducer array"
軽減、低減：
"The catheter also encloses a micromotor assembly for which it is desirable to avoid, or to mitigate, any additional functional loading resulting from the possible incursion of fluid into moving mechanical parts"
するように、such that:
1) "The imaging catheter tip 10 includes a micromotor 11 with an associated gearbox 13 such that the micromotor 11 can impart an oscillating motion to an imaging transducer 21, the oscillation occurring about an axis of a drive shaft 23 as indicated by rotation arrow 25"（マイクロモータ11が～できるようなギアボックス13）
cf.
(i) with an associated gearbox 13 enabling (that enables/allows/permits; configured to enable) the micromotor 11 to impart an oscillating motion to...
2) "The catheter tip 40 includes a membrane seal 60 attached to the gearbox housing 49, such that the output drive shaft 51 extends through a resilient shaft opening 61 in the membrane seal 60"（シャフト51が開口61を貫通するように、シール60がハウジング49に取り付けられている）
such thatである必要性はあるのだろうか？
cf.
(i) attached to the gearbox housing 49, with the output drive shaft 51 extending through a resilient shaft opening 61 in the membrane seal 60
(ii) attached to the gearbox housing 49 while allowing the output drive shaft 51 to extend through a resilient shaft opening 61 in the membrane seal 60
(iii) attached to the gearbox housing 49 in such a manner as to allow the output drive shaft 51 to extend through a resilient shaft opening 61 in the membrane seal 60
3) "the membrane seal 60 is disposed so as to reduce or prevent the acoustic coupling fluid from leaking into the interior of the gearbox 43"
位相：
"As the imaging transducer 21 is oscillated, a plurality of transducer elements in the imaging transducer 21 are electronically phased to form an electronic image"（位相を調節する？）
設ける、備える、配設、配置、供給：
"An acoustic coupling fluid 29 may be provided inside the catheter housing 27 as a medium for coupling ultrasound energy between the imaging transducer array 21 and a fluid medium (not shown) external to the imaging catheter tip 10"
従って：
"Accordingly, the micromotor 11, the gearbox 13, and the imaging transducer 21 are typically disposed within the acoustic coupling fluid 29"
出力：
"operational torque needs to be efficiently outputted from the gearbox 13 to oscillate the imaging transducer 21"
すなわち：
"That is, it may not be feasible to increase the power output of the micromotor 11 so as to overcome the additional friction loading in the gearbox 13 resulting from the possible influx of ambient fluid"
等、例えば：
1) "Moreover, simply increasing drive power to overcome higher gearbox loading may result in excessive heat buildup in the micromotor 11 and thus not conform to thermal regulations, such as may be set by regulatory agencies"
2) "FIG. 1 shows an imaging catheter tip 10 for use in a conventional cardiac interventional procedure, such as exemplified, for example, in commonly-assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2008/0097403"（冗長な気もするが）
必要：
"What is needed is an improved device and method for sealing a micromotor with an associated gearbox operating in a fluid environment"
よくある書き出し：
"In one aspect of the present invention, a catheter tip is disclosed comprising:"
cf.
1) there is disclosed a catheter tip comprising:
2) One aspect of the present invention provides/discloses a catheter tip comprising:
3) In one aspect of the present invention, a catheter tip includes"（クレーム移行句として以外のcompriseの使用を嫌うクライアントもある）
周り：
"a micromotor and integral gearbox with a membrane seal attached about an output shaft"
構成：
"Disclosed are several embodiments of micromotor assemblies configured for protection from liquid incursion including: use of a fluid seal around the gearbox output"
comprise:
"The catheter tip 40 comprises a micromotor 41 mechanically coupled to a gearbox 43 which is, in turn, mechanically coupled to an ultrasound imaging transducer array 53"
（なぜ敢えてcomprise？includeとの違いは？）
当業者には明らか：
"As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the gearbox housing 49 may be optional and is shown for clarity of illustration"
平面：
"a one-dimensional planar transducer array"
言うまでもなく（？）：
it should be understood that an ultrasound transducer used in the catheter tip 40, or in any of the additional exemplary embodiments disclosed herein"
選択肢のor：
1) "is not limited to this configuration（構成）and may comprise any of: (i) a single transducer element, or (ii) a one-dimensional or two-dimensional, linear, sector, annular, convex, or curved ultrasound transducer array, as well known in the relevant art"
2) 2. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein said ultrasound imaging transducer comprises a device selected from the group consisting of: a single transducer element, a one-dimensional transducer array, a two-dimensional transducer array, a linear transducer array, a sector transducer array, an annular transducer array, a convex transducer array, or a curved transducer array.
（日本人感覚からすればandだと思うがＷ。どっちでもＯＫ？）
張力：
"Preferably, the shaft opening 61 is in tension about the output drive shaft 51 so as to provide a barrier against the entry of the acoustic coupling fluid 29 into the membrane seal 60 at the output drive shaft 51"（シャフトの周りに張力を生じている）
ここでは：
"For clarity of illustration, the membrane seal 60 is here shown spaced apart from the gearbox housing 49"
作製、作る：
"the membrane seal 60 may be fabricated from a substantially circular membrane 63 formed from an elastic material, such as silicone"
周方向端部：
"The circular membrane 63 preferably has a generally cylindrical membrane rim 65 extending from the circumferential perimeter of the circular membrane 63"
保持：
"The cylindrical membrane rim 65 may be retained between an outer membrane ring 67 and an inner membrane ring 69 to form the membrane seal 60"
形成：
"The outer membrane ring 67 and the inner membrane ring 69 may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel or nitinol"
仮定法：
"This forming process would provide for desirable tension in the assembled membrane 63 or 73 about the respective cylindrical membrane rim 65 or 75"（～すれば～であろう）
逐語訳とは（PDF）：
Making the Move to Patent Translation by Martin Cross
英語明細書起草者のためのアドバイス：
Patent Application Style Tips
長文は避ける。
参照番号の振られた要素にtheは不要。
不明瞭な表現(this, that)は避ける。
不要な関係代名詞は使わない。
限定表現(must, require, necessary, the invention is...等）は避ける。
未来形は避ける。
車輪速度を測るリング。
pulser ring?
pulse ring?
palsar ring?（☆じゃないし・・・）
pulserでいいのかな？辞書には無いが・・・。
追記：MPEP 2111.01 Plain Meaning
APPLICANT MAY BE OWN LEXICOGRAPHER
"Where an explicit definition is provided by the applicant for a term, that definition will control interpretation of the term as it is used in the claim."
US5255452(Triumph International, Inc.)
MJの「宿直！」発明。出願人はトリンプだったのか。（追記06APR2021 いや、正確にはトリンプはAssignee（譲受人）だから特許権者で、出願人はあくまで発明者であるマイケルジャクソン他？以下の資料があったので。「出願人の資格は譲渡できず3、以下の場合を除き、「出願人」は、特許出願をする発明者若しくは共同発明者でなければならない（規則第 1.41 条）」（「米国における発明者の決定」https://www.jpo.go.jp/resources/shingikai/sangyo-kouzou/shousai/tokkyo_shoi/document/seisakubukai-06-shiryou/paper07_2.pdf）
により：
"creation of such illusion by means of specialized footwear"
備える、具備する：
"The specialized footwear is provided with means for engagement with a movably protrudable hitch or post"
アピール性：
"the appealability of live and recorded performances"
努力する：
"Many popular music and dance entertainers expend great efforts in enhancing and choreographing their performances and dancing"
習慣、反復行動のwould：
"In the past, a professional entertainer, one of the inventors herein, has incorporated dance steps in his recorded video performances, wherein he and other dancers would lean forward beyond their center of gravity, thereby creating an impressive visual effect"
分詞：
1) "This effect was accomplished by the use of cables connecting a harness around the dancer's waist with hooks on a stage, thereby allowing the dancer to lean forward at the required degree"（結果）
2) "as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, an upper sock section 26 can be used to conceal the upper part 22 of the shoe 10, the sock section 26 fitting around a peripheral edge 28 of the shoe 10"（付帯状況説明）
倒置：
1) "There is disclosed in the prior art footwear which allow the wearer to engage his or her shoes with a stationary object"
2) "Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated, in FIG. 1, a front perspective view of the shoe 10 utilized in this invention"
代名詞：
1) "Pat. No. 1,165,812 to Staubly discloses a rubber overshoe which has a hook on its sole which can be engaged with a plate"
2) "allow the footwear wearer to lean forward on the stage, with his or her center of gravity well beyond the front of the shoes, thereby creating the desired visual effect"
3) "When the hitch 34 is locked in its raised position"
4) "the performer can engage his or her heels 30 with the hitch 34, and he or she can then safely lean forward as far as he or she desires and is capable of, so that his or her center of gravity CG lies in front of the shoes 10"
公知技術：
"However, to the best of our knowledge and belief the prior art does not disclose or suggest the specialized footwear permitting an entertainer to freely move about a stage, while at the same time, enabling engagement with a movable hitch or post, projectable through the stage floor, to enable the illusion to be performed"
問題、欠陥：
"The present invention overcomes the above noted deficiencies"
するように配置：
"an upstanding post positioned to project upwardly from a stage at a predetermined time"
すなわち：
"FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of specialized footwear, viz. a shoe of the invention with its fastening straps opened"(=namely)
位置する：
"The shoe 10 rides relatively high on the wearer's ankles, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3"
用いて、使用して：
"can be snugly secured around the wearer's ankles by use of the straps 12, 14 and 16"
提供する、可能にする：
"The use of shoe laces provides for a snugger fit than by the straps 12, 14 and 16 straps"
適合、構成された：
"the heels 30 of the shoes 10 have a recess 32 formed therein adapted to detachably receive a hitch or post 34"
所定の位置に：
"thereby locking the heels 30 of the shoes 10 in place relative to the stage surface S"
面一、ツライチ：
"The front of the V-shaped guide 40 lies flush with the leading edge 42 of the heel 30"
から成る：
"an outer or exposed layer 60, preferably made of leather, and an inner overlying layer, preferably consisting of a metal plate 52"
固定：
1) "footwear which can be worn by astronauts and which can be detachably engaged with a rail fixed to a surface to aid astronauts in working in a zero gravity environment"
2) "The metal plate 52 is affixed to the heel portion of the shoe, as described hereafter"
3) "the metal plate 64 can be immobilized relative to the stage surface"
such that:
"the length of the bolt shank 50 of the bolts is such that when the metal plate 64 carrying the bolts is stably placed against the underside of the stage surface S, the head 48 will be spaced sufficiently high off the stage surface S"
so that:
"the metal plate 60 is formed so that its V-shaped slot edges and the V-shaped edges 70 of the heel covering material 60 form flush V-shaped edges 44"
will:
"This slight gap G will allow the entertainer to slide his or her shoes 10 forward to engage the head 48 of the hitch 34 with the V-shaped slot 40"（なぜ必要？）
可能性：
"The V-shaped guide 40, so formed, is preferred, as it minimizes the chances of the hitch 34 inadvertently becoming jammed in the V-shaped guide"
挿入する、スライドして入れる：
"one or more metal support bars 74 can be slid into the sliding brackets 72"
設ける：
"if it is desired to plug the holes 62 in the stage surface S when the hitches 34 are withdrawn, plug protrusions 76 can be provided on another side of the metal plate 64"
するのに十分な：
"The plug protrusions 76 will be just long enough so that they lie essentially flush with or the stage surface S"
想定：
1) "As presently contemplated, the hitch 34 will be raised and lowered by stage personnel stationed under the stage surface S"
2) "The inventors also contemplate that the hitch 34 could also be raised by the entertainer himself or herself by remote control means"
should:
"it has been found that the pair of hitches 34 should ideally be spaced between the shoulder blades of a dancer"
willに関し追記：
上の例文は下記に続いている。
The bolt head 48（靴側）will lie in recess 32 （ステージ上）above said V-shaped slot guide 40, and the shoe will be stably positioned relative to the stage floors... The bolts 51（靴側）are permanently affixed to a metal plate 64（ステージ上）, and the length of the bolt shank 50 of the bolts is such that when the metal plate 64 carrying the bolts is stably placed against the underside of the stage surface S, the head 48 will be spaced sufficiently high off the stage surface S so that the bottom edge 66 of the head 48 will clear the top edge 68 of the metal plate 52, leaving a slight gap G.
そして上記の文："This slight gap G will allow the entertainer to slide his or her shoes 10 forward to engage the head 48 of the hitch 34 with the V-shaped slot 40
上記の場合は、「ステージ上で実際に使用したらこうなるだろう」という話の流れからwillになったんだと思います。
またまたキリスト教。天国を見てきた4歳男子の話。どうやら素敵なところらしい。
世の中不思議な話は一杯ある。偶然か、奇跡か？
今まで周りで不思議な話は数多く聞いてきた。
知人が住んでいたマンションでは、帰宅するとすでにテレビが勝手に点いていた。夜中、白装束の婆さんが足元に落ちてきた。友人を泊めると、夜中誰かに手を握られたという（その手は皺くちゃだったとか）。その後、上の階のベランダが崩れ落ちてきて、引っ越した。
高校の時の友人は金縛りにあって、顔面直上で犬の荒い鼻息を感じ、金属製のエサ用ボールが転がる音を聞いた。従妹は中学の時、1か月毎日金縛りになって、ヤバい家だと言っていた。以前通っていた定食屋のマスターは、親御さんが他界された深夜の時刻に雨戸が外れ落ちた。
私の嫁はもう自分でも忘れたかもしれないが、今住んでいる家の部屋の隅で夜中、男が動いているのを見たと言っていた。
かくいう私も、母親が亡くなる１週間前、急に納期を早めてくれと言われ、仕事が滞ることなく帰省、葬儀が完了した。父親の時も急にぽっかり仕事が空いた。私の小学生の時の集団写真で、肩に手が載っているように見える写真がある。
父親は、婆さんの葬儀後、仏壇の部屋で寝ていたら、赤い光が飛んだと言っていた。
白隠禅師は幽体離脱したらしい。普化禅師は棺桶から消えていた。キリストは復活した。
夢か、デマか、偶然か。はたまたネタ？
この本の語る「奇跡」はアメリカの田舎町で2003年に起こった。主人公Colton君は、父親がpastorであるという、信心深い家庭に育った。ある日不調を訴え入院、医師も諦めたが奇跡的に治癒、徐々にキリスト、その父である神、会ったこともない曽祖父、流産で死んだ妹等との出会いを語り始める。
まあ、正直真偽については何とも言えない。しかし面白い本ではある。大抵私はペーパーバック一冊読むのに1日30～40分程度で1か月近くかかるが、この本は4～5日で読めた。
Colton君は、もうすぐ始まる「モンスター」との戦争も見たらしい。
そしてジーザスは勝利する。
どこかの兵庫県議よりは信頼できそうな気がする。
Colton君も頷いたというキリストの顔の絵。
そうか～、ラモスに似てるんだな・・・。
（用語メモ）
other, anotherについて。
"I miss my other sister"
"I have another sister"
この場合、otherとanotherは入れ替え可能だろうか？
tooの位置。
"There are too swords in heaven!"（天国にも剣があるという、Colton君の発言）
tooの位置が意外。子供用語なんだろうか？
