水アトマイズ法

US7959822(特表2009-500816)
"1. A magnetorheological formulation comprising

a) at least one base oil which is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl dicarboxylates, based on linear or branched fatty acids having chain lengths of C₄ to C₁₀ and linear or branched alcohols having chain lengths of C₄ to C₁₀; saturated polyol esters, based on neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol; poly-α-olefins and mixtures of the abovementioned dialkyl dicarboxylates and poly-α-olefins;

b) at least one magnetizable particle selected from the group consisting of iron powder, finely divided iron powder, gas- and water-atomized（ガスおよび水アトマイズされた）iron powder, coated iron powder and mixtures of the abovementioned magnetizable particles;

c) at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxystearic acid and alkyd resin:

and

d) at least one thixotropic agent based on hydrophobically modified sheet silicates."

WO2009017501(特表2010-535287)
"13. The bearing of claim 1, wherein said copper-tin-bismuth alloy powder comprises a mixture of a gas atomized（ガスアトマイズされた）powder and a water atomized（水アトマイズされた）powder."

"[0014] Still other related art includes US 2006/0000527 assigned to Taiho Kogyo Co. Ltd. which teaches a Cu-Bi based alloy, which can simultaneously attain a high level of the compatibility, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance required for the bearing of a fuel injection pump. The '527 patent teaches a lead-free bearing, which contains from 1 to 30 mass %（質量パーセント）of Bi and from 0.1 to 10 mass % of hard particles having from 10 to 50 μm average particle diameter, the balance（残部）being Cu and unavoidable impurities, and further the Bi phase dispersed in the Cu matrix has an average particle diameter smaller than that of the hard particles. The Cu-Bi alloy is pulverized by an atomizing method（アトマイズ法）. The resultant Cu-Bi powder is mixed with hard-particle powder and powder of the other metallic components. The components other than the hard-particle powder may be in the form of an alloy powder prepared by the atomizing method. The hard particles may be carbides such as Cr₂C₃, Mo₂C, WC, VC and NbC, and preferably Fe₂P, Fe₃P, FeB, Fe₂B, and Fe₃B.
[0015] Notwithstanding（にもかかわらず）the advantages associated with the use of copper-tin-bismuth bearing materials as described in U.S. Patent 6,746,154, occasional early bushing wear may be experienced（発生）when using sintered（焼結）bushings made from（からなる）the composition. Such wear problems typically manifest（現れる）during the initial break-in period of service. Despite the uses of certain combinations of hard particles suggested above, further bearing material improvements are desirable, particularly to improve wear and seizure resistance of the bearing, including early wear and seizure resistance, while also maintaining a suitable combination of mechanical and physical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility or elongation. It is also desirable to affect the necessary improvements while minimizing the amount of additional hard particle powder materials used, since these materials frequently have an associated cost that is greater than the cost of the alloy powders they replace in the sintered bearing material."

基準面、結晶面、平坦面、平面

US20100061418(特表2009-543368)
(Ab)
"An optical emitter assembly is described in which one or more optical devices each having an emitting aperture at a surface thereof can be mounted on a carrier such that the plane（面）of the emitting apertures with respect to a well defined reference plane（基準面）can be precisely controlled. This enables additional optical elements to be precisely axially and laterally positioned with respect to the centre of the emitting apertures, even when there are plural optical devices of differing thicknesses. The assembly may comprise a surface-emitting optical device having an emission surface（発光面）providing an optical output aperture; a carrier having first and second opposing surfaces, the first surface being a reference surface（基準面）on which the optical device is mounted by its emission surface and the second surface being a back surface（背面、裏面）, the carrier having an aperture extending between the reference and back surfaces, the optical device being positioned on the reference surface such that its optical output aperture is in overlying relation with the carrier aperture to direct optical radiation therethrough.”

"7. The assembly of claim 4 in which the tapered cavity is etched preferentially along crystallographic planes（結晶面）of the carrier material."

US9551089(特表2016-516659)
"Each of the crystallographic planes（結晶面）in sapphire discussed herein are as is commonly known in the art. It is to be understood that as used herein, mention of a particular orientation of a crystal sheet to a specific plane include all off-angle or mis-angle, miscut, or the like（その他の、等の；＊形容詞）orientations in which the reference plane（基準面）is tilted to another plane. For example, it is often desirable to product crystal sheets having a general A-plane or C-plane orientation, but include a desired tilt or miscut angle toward the M-plane. Accordingly, use of the phrase "A-plane" or "C-plane" for example, include this plane as the general reference plane with any desired offcut or misangle orientation."

WO2006036602(特表2008-513847)
(Ab)
"Increased yield of optical elements from cubic crystal rods, such as made of calcium fluoride, is made possible by orienting the optical elements for supporting the propagation of light along one of the , , or < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axis, which extend perpendicular to（垂直）a main crystal axis. A cleave is taken（劈開される）through the crystal rod along a primary crystal plane（主結晶面）{1 1 1} normal to（垂直）the main axis. One of the , , or < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axes is located by optical inspection and indicated on the crystal rod with an orientation label. Additional cuts are taken（切断が行われる）parallel to the {1 1 1} primary crystal plane to divide the crystal rod into disks each containing a portion of the orientation label. The disks can be cut again and sides formed perpendicular to the {1 1 1} primary crystal plane with regard to the orientation labels for forming optical elements, such as prisms, oriented for supporting the propagation of polarized light along one of the , , and < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axes."

"[0018] In Step B, the crystal rod 10 is cleaved near one end along the {1 1 1 } plane normal to（垂直）the main axis, in such calcium fluoride crystals, this is the crystal plane along which the crystal most readily breaks and provides a convenient and accurate reference plane（基準面）14 for the crystal rod 10. Although the {1 1 1 } reference plane 14 identifies one of the crystal axes, i.e., the main crystal axis, it is necessary to identify a second axis to fully orient the cubic crystal.

[0019] Step C involves an inspection procedure for identifying a second crystal axis orthogonal to（垂直）the main axis, in particular, a Laue x-ray diffractometer is used to find one of the , , or < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axes. Two orientation labels 16 and 18 are applied to the periphery of the crystal rod 10 to identify the location of one of the , , or < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axes that extends perpendicular to the main axis. The orientation labels 16 and 18 are preferably drawn on the crystal rod 10 as two diametrically opposed lines.

[0020] Using the {1 1 1 } reference plane 14 as a reference, parallel cuts 20 are made（切断が行われる）along the length of the rod 10 as shown in Step D, each at a predetermined thickness "T". The parallel cuts 20 divide the crystal rod 10 into a plurality of slabs in the form of slightly eccentric disks 22 as shown in Step E（＊実際にshowしている） . For example, the crystal rod 10 can be mounted in（上に取り付け）a sacrificial plastic holder and loaded into a saw, such as a ID or diamond saw, and accurately cut onto the plurality of eccentric disks 22. The tops and bottoms of the eccentric disks 22 are then double-side lapped to create highly parallel ground surfaces 24 and 26 in much the same way as（ほぼ同じ方法で）optical windows are formed. The top and bottom surfaces 24 and 26 of the disks 22 are ground parallel to the {1 1 1} reference plane 14 coincident with other of the set of parallel {1 1 1 } planes. The main axis extends normal to（垂直）the cut parallel surfaces 24 and 26 of the disks 22. The , , and < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axes are known to be oriented perpendicular to the main axis and parallel to the {1 1 1 } planes that form the parallel surfaces 24 and 26 of the disks 22. The orientation labels 16 and 18, which are visible on each of the disks 22, identify the orientation of the one , , or < 2 1 1> alternative crystal axis around the main axis in each of the disks 22."

US7875081(特表2010-504175）
"The distal face（先端面）of the post was fixed in all directions and the cam was allowed translation only in the direction of contact, i.e., perpendicular to the post at the contact point."

US7661629(特表2009-533259)
"FIG. 15B is an enlarged, isometric illustration of the wing tip（翼先端部）1520 and the vortex dissipation device 1530 shown in FIG. 15A. The wing tip 1520 can include a tip surface（先端面）1521 that can be flat in some embodiments, hemicylindrical in other embodiments, and curved in multiple dimensions and about multiple axes in still further embodiments. In any of these embodiments, the vortex dissipation device 1530 can include one or more nozzles 1590 (fourteen are shown in FIG. 15B for purposes of illustration), each having a nozzle orifice 1591. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the nozzle orifices 1591 are positioned to be generally flush with（同一平面、面一、ツライチ）the tip surface 1521. In other embodiments, the nozzle orifices 1591 can have other arrangements (e.g., slightly recessed from the tip surface 1521). The nozzle orifices 1591 can be located behind a movable door when the nozzles 1590 are not in use, in a manner generally similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 5A. For purposes of illustration（説明のため）, such a cover is not shown in FIG. 15B. The nozzle orifices 1591 can be arranged in particular patterns, for example multiple rows 1594 (shown in FIG. 15B as a first, e.g., upper, row 1594a and a second, e.g., lower, row 1594b). The flow of air or another gas directed through the nozzles 1590 can be controlled and varied in a time-dependent manner to hasten the dissipation of vortices emanating from the wing tip 1520, as described further below with reference to FIGS. 16A-22."

方式

US9426147(特表2013-515296)
(Ab)
"A method, apparatus, system, and computer program product for management of storage devices protected by encryption, user authentication, and password protection and auditing schemes（方式）in virtualized and non-virtualized environments."

WO2009142689(特表2011-523481)
"19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising: choosing an authentication method（認証方式）from a selection of authentication methods, the sending the credential（＊動名詞）is based on the authentication method, the choosing is performed by the first software entity."

US8571188(特表2010-514272)
(Ab)
"A small form-factor security device is provided that may be inserted in series with a telephone line to encrypt dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tones from a telephone to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. A receiving device(受信装置) decrypts the encrypted DTMF tones to receive the original information sent by the telephone. The security device acts as a second factor in a two-factor authentication scheme（認証方式）with a tele-services security server that authenticates the security device."

EP2015103588(特表2017-503417)
(Ab)
"Methods, systems, and devices for modulation and coding scheme（符号化方式）selection and configuration. A mobile communication device includes a table component, a table selection component, and a communication component. The table component is configured to maintain two or more tables each having entries for a plurality of available modulation schemes. The two or more tables include a default table and a secondary table. The default table and the secondary table have a matching number of（一致した数の）entries, and the secondary table includes an entry corresponding to a 256-QAM scheme. The table selection component is configured to select a selected table from one of（うちの１つ）the default table and the secondary table. The communication component is configured to receive and process a communication from a base station based on a modulation and coding scheme of the selected table."

WO2013134551(特表2015-513871)
"6. Mobile apparatus configured to remove interference from a received signal, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver;
a processor in data communication with the receiver; and
logic（＊無冠詞；why?）in data communication with the receiver and the processor, the logic configured to:
receive a first number of transmissions;
additively combine the first number of received transmissions; and wherein the first number of received transmissions comprises at least an original signal and one or more interferences."

"10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium（非一時的コンピュータ可読記憶媒体） comprising instructions which are configured to, when executed（実行）by a processor:
receive a plurality of retransmissions of an original signal;
combine two or more of the received plurality of transmissions to form an additive signal; and
restore the original signal using at least a portion of the additive signal."

"18. The base station apparatus of Claim 15, the logic further configured to: determine reception characteristics associated at least in part with the mobile device;
wherein a modulation scheme（変調方式）used to transmit at least a number of times the signals is to be transmitted of the determined number of times is based at least in part on the determined reception characteristic."

挿設、挿通

US5186035
"In accordance with the present invention, to protect the delicate zirconium liner on the inner surface of the Zircaloy tube during the loading step, an elongated loading sleeve 20 is first inserted onto（挿設、挿通）the mandrel （＊参照番号12）assembly in close fitting relation（密着して）. Preferably, one end 20a of the sleeve is cone-shaped to conform with the conical termination（終端部） of tail piece 16 to establish a rightward-most position of the sleeve on the mandrel assembly. The Zircaloy tube is then inserted onto the mandrel assembly over the sleeve in close fitting relation. The inner surface of the tube thus slides over the outer surface of the sleeve as the tube is inserted from left to right into a loaded position. Sleeve 20 is then slid out leftward from between the tube and the mandrel assembly. Once the sleeve is removed, the tail piece of the mandrel assembly is gripped by the mandrel chuck, and the Zircaloy tube is gripped by its holder to prepare the pilger mill for operation to reduce the Zircaloy tube down to nuclear fuel cladding tube dimensions.”


WO9961302(特表2002-516220)
"13. The hydraulically powered vehicle of Claim 1 wherein the leanable rear suspension control means comprises: a first hydropneumatic strut means interposed between（挿設）the first trailing arm and the frame, having an air chamber separated by a flexible diaphragm from an oil cylinder including a piston means, a first valve means included in the piston means constructed and arranged to limit the flow of oil from one side of the piston to the other, and control means for opening and closing the first valve means, interposed between the first rear suspension means and the frame"

US8740838(特表2013-539689)
"In the cut-away shown in FIG. 5, the Injex™（登録商標）30 ampoule 430 is screwed into（螺合、ねじ込む）a front plate 535 of the jet injector and the piston 510 is threaded into（螺合）the front of the moving coil 420. The choice of ampoule may be based on availability, relatively low cost, proven performance, and ease with which it may be adapted for inclusion into the injection device. The internal diameter of the ampoule may taper at the tip to form a nozzle orifice 520 having a diameter of, e.g., 220±5 μm. In the illustrated embodiment, a delivery volume of 300 μL is realized with a 30 mm stroke."

"The voice coil 420 slides freely and smoothly on the bearing surfaces 550 and inside a 1026 carbon-steel extrusion casing 560 that also forms the magnetic circuit. The latter may include two 0.4 MN/m² (50 MGOe) NdFeB magnets 525 inserted into（挿設、挿通、挿入）the casing."

US7754491(特表2009-518647)
"Many of the analyzers for monitoring and control of the H₂/CO ratio utilize sensors that operate at ambient temperature and pressure. As a result, cooling and pressure reduction devices must be installed between（挿設）the process and the CO and H₂ analyzers. These devices add considerable complexity to the overall process and make the analyzer response times relatively slow."

測距

US20160266246(特表2017-502258)
"2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection devices comprises at least one of the following detection devices: a laser detection（探知）and ranging（測距）device, a radio detection and ranging device, a sound navigation and ranging device, a thermal sensor device, an infrared sensor device, a multi-spectral sensor device, a hyper-spectral sensor device, a visual band imager, or a camera."

US20150116146(特表2016-539325)
"1. A method for monitoring carrier phase anomalies（異常）in a range finding（測距）system comprising: predicting a relative carrier phase between first and second antenna locations as a function of a relative position between the two antenna locations; measuring a relative carrier phase between the first and second antenna locations based upon at least one transmitted signal received at each of the first and second antenna locations; calculating an anomaly detection metric as a function of a difference between the measured relative carrier phase and the predicted relative carrier phase; and determining if an anomaly is present（存在しているかどうか）according to the anomaly detection metric."

US20160231426(特表2016-536613)
"19. The system of claim 15, wherein the first and second signal devices are ultra-wideband radio frequency ranging（測距）devices, and the radio-frequency signal communication is an ultra-wideband radio frequency communication."

US8836922(特表2016-534346)
"1. A light detection and ranging（測距）(LIDAR) device, comprising: a lens mounted to a housing, wherein the housing is configured to rotate about an axis and has an interior space that includes a transmit block（伝送ブロック）, a receive block（受光ブロック）, a transmit path（伝送経路）, and a receive path, wherein the transmit block has an exit aperture（出口孔）in a wall that comprises a reflective surface, wherein the receive block has an entrance aperture（入口孔）, wherein the transmit path extends from the exit aperture to the lens, and wherein the receive path extends（延伸、延在）from the lens to the entrance aperture via the reflective surface; a plurality of light sources in the transmit block, wherein the plurality of light sources are configured to emit a plurality of light beams through the exit aperture in a plurality of different directions, the light beams comprising light having wavelengths in a wavelength range; a plurality of detectors in the receive block, wherein the plurality of detectors are configured to detect light having wavelengths in the wavelength range; and wherein the lens is configured to receive the light beams via the transmit path, collimate the light beams for transmission into an environment of the LIDAR device, collect light（集光）comprising light from one or more of the collimated light beams reflected by one or more objects in the environment of the LIDAR device, and focus the collected light onto the detectors via the receive path."

US8958911(特表2015-518188)
"10. The mobile robot ofclaim 9, wherein the first observation axis is arranged at an angle θa with respect to a plane normal to the vertical collar axis according to the following relationship:
θa=90°−(½VFOV_a+tan⁻¹((W−O_a)(H_a))
wherein VFOV_a is the vertical field of view of the first volumetric point cloud（体積点群）sensor, W is the width from a center vertical axis of the robot to a forward most edge of the robot, O_a is an offset distance of the first volumetric point cloud sensor from the vertical collar axis, and H_a is a height of the first volumetric point cloud sensor with respect to the forward most edge of the robot."

"In some instances, the imaging sensor 450 may have difficulties recognizing and ranging（測距）black objects 12, surfaces of varied albedo, highly reflective objects 12, strong 3D structures, self-similar or periodic structures, or objects at or just beyond the field of view 452 (e.g., at or outside horizontal and vertical viewing field angles). In such instances, other sensors of the sensor system 400 can be used to supplement or act as redundancies to the imaging sensor 450."

"A highly reflective object 12 or an object 12 with significant specular highlights (e.g., cylindrical or spherical) may make distance ranging（測距）difficult for the imaging sensor 450. Similarly, objects 12 that are extremely absorptive in the wavelength of light for which the imaging sensor 450 is sensing, can pose problems as well. Objects 12, such as doors and window, which are made of glass can be highly reflective and, when ranged（測距）, either appear as if they are free space (infinite range) or else range as the reflection to the first non-specularly-reflective surface. This may cause the robot 100 to not see the object 12 as an obstacle, and, as a result, may collide with the window or door, possibly causing damage to the robot or to the object 12."

活物質材料

US8877383(特表2013-534030)
"In examples of the present invention, improved active materials（活物質）including a group 15 element are used as the active material（活物質材料）for a rechargeable battery. Example electrodes include an active material including a compound, such as a chalcogenide, of at least one element from the group of elements consisting of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, or phosphorus."

US7718990(特表2011-505708)
"Exposure of an active material（活物質）to high temperatures may be deleterious because high temperatures may lead to volatilization of the active material. Volatilization is undesirable for two main reasons. First, in multicomponent active materials, the different components may volatilize to differing degrees in a particular thermal environment. As a result, the composition of the remaining non-volatilized portion of the active material（活物質材料）changes upon exposure to high temperatures."

US20150243992(再表2014/073561；日英)
"[0049] That is, in recent years, the electrode active materials（活物質）containing the organic compound as a main component receive attention, and among these materials, multi-electron organic compound having two or more electrons to be involved in the battery electrode reaction, for example, dithione compounds, dione compounds and diamine compounds are promising material as an active material（活物質材料）having high charge-discharge efficiency and capable of realizing a high capacity density."

US9478802(再表2014/068969；日英)
"Besides those described above, as the negative electrode active material（活物質材料）, a compound, such as lithium titanate, having a high charge and discharge potential with reference to that of metal lithium as compared to that of a carbon material or the like may also be used although the energy density is decreased."

US20150243986(再表2014/050100；日英)
"Provided is an electrode active material（活物質材料）containing a clathrate compound that is more likely to withstand load involved in repetition of penetration and desorption of, e.g., lithium ions compared to no guest substance-encapsulating silicon clathrate compounds."

US9190864(再表2014/010312；日英）
"In recent years, a variety of positive-electrode active substances（活物質）have been examined with the objective of raising the voltage and capacity of lithium-ion secondary cells and other secondary cells. Such positive-electrode active substances（活物質材料）include, e.g., Li₂MnO₃—LiMO₂ (where M is a transition metal having an average oxidation state of +3) and other solid solution materials disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2008-270201."

「活物質」と「活物質材料」を区別していない。

成形体

US20160068444（特表2016-522142）
"[0023] Viewed from a third aspect, there is provided a making the composite material according to this disclosure, the method including forming a pre-sinter compact（予備焼結成形体）comprising AlN nitride grains（粒子）, less than 80 weight percent（質量％（重量％の間違い？））cBN grains and less than 5 weight percent, less than about 4 weight percent or less than about 2 weight percent sinter promotion material, and subjecting the pre-sinter compact to an ultra-high pressure of at least about 3 gigapascals (GPa) and a sinter temperature of at least about 1,000 degrees Celsius to provide a sintered body comprising the composite material."

US20130323107
"A method and composition of a sintered superhard compact（超硬質コンパクト）is provided. The sintered superhard compact body may comprise superhard particles and a binder phase. The binder phase may bond the superhard particles together. The binder phase comprises tungsten and cobalt. The ratio of tungsten to cobalt is between 1 and 2 and sum of W and Co in the sintered superhard compact is in a range of from about 2 to about 20 percent by weight."

"23. The method of making a superhard compact of claim 21, further comprising pre-compacting the granules to form a soft green part（軟質成形体）of defined shape."

green part: 未加工品（特開平11-350004）、未焼結部品

US20150376069
"Multifunctional Boron Nitride nanotube-Boron Nitride (BN-BN) nanocomposites for energy transducers, thermal conductors, anti-penetrator/wear resistance coatings, and radiation hardened materials for harsh environments. An all boron-nitride structured BN-BN composite is synthesized. A boron nitride containing precursor is synthesized, then mixed with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to produce a composite solution which is used to make green bodies（未処理成形体）of different forms including, for example, fibers, mats, films, and plates. The green bodies are pyrolized to facilitate transformation into BN-BN composite ceramics. The pyrolysis temperature, pressure, atmosphere and time are controlled to produce a desired BN crystalline structure. The wholly BN structured materials exhibit excellent thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, piezoelectricity as well as enhanced toughness, hardness, and radiation shielding properties. By substituting with other elements into the original structure of the nanotubes and/or matrix, new nanocomposites (i.e., BCN, BCSiN ceramics) which possess excellent hardness, tailored photonic bandgap and photoluminescence, result（得られる）."

US20140318593
"14. The composite of claim 1, wherein said compact（成形体）comprises at least one of n-type Bi₂Te_3-xSe_x and p-type B_ySb_2-yTe₃."

"In some embodiments of this invention, previously-synthesized nanoparticles are compacted（圧縮）(densified（緻密化）) at an elevated temperature（高温で）and under compressive pressure to generate a thermoelectric compact（熱電成形体）. By way of example, a pressure compaction apparatus 24, shown schematically in FIG. 1, and similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,255,846, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, can be employed for this purpose."

WO2016048352
"14. The apparatus of claim 1 1 , wherein the cover is composed of a unitary, molded body（成形体）of polymer."

US20160001552（特表2016-511717）
"13. A print bar, comprising: multiple printhead die slivers, each die sliver including ejection chambers, passages through which fluid may pass to the ejection chambers, a front with orifices through which fluid may be ejected from the ejection chambers and a back opposite the front; and a molding（成形体）partially encapsulating（密閉）the dies with multiple channels therein connected directly to the passages in the die slivers."

US20130214298（特表2014-525146）
"25. The package of claim 18, wherein the protective layer is disposed between portions of a molded body（成形体）of the LED package."

凹凸

US20140241441
The present invention provides a hydrophilic film that causes a liquid to diffuse rapidly in a single direction. The hydrophilic film comprises a substrate having a texture of parallel sunken and raised patterns（凹凸パターン）, and a hydrophilic coat comprising a coat of silicon dioxide particles. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the hydrophilic film. The method comprises: preparing an aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles, wherein the average size of the silicon dioxide particles is 1 to 60 nm, and the concentration of the silicon dioxide particles is 0.05% to 15% by weight; coating the aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles on a substrate, wherein the substrate has a texture of parallel sunken and raised patterns; and drying the substrate coated with the aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide particles.

US20110097490
A fluid distribution manifold includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate includes a length dimension, a width dimension, and a thickness that allows the first plate to be deformable over at least one of the length dimension and the width dimension of the first plate. The second plate includes a length dimension, a width dimension, and a thickness that allows the second plate to be deformable over at least one of the length dimension and the width dimension of the second plate. At least a portion of at least the first plate and the second plate define a relief pattern（凹凸パターン）that defines a fluid flow directing path. The first plate and the second plate are bonded together to form a non-planar shape in a height dimension along at least one of the length dimension and the width dimension.

"[0114] Alternatively, one or the both of the plates can have regions with small or microscopic height variations, where the maximum height is level with the main or an original height of the plate. The region of height variations can be referred to as a relief pattern（凹凸パターン）."

US20100307549
"20. The walking aid according to claim 19, wherein the foot member has a tread pattern（凹凸パターン）to reduce risk of slippage."


US7020474
"17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first wireless communication device is a cash register and the second wireless communication device is a portable device that can capture a print ridge pattern（プリント凹凸パターン）."

US20160272528
"A method includes forming a continuous ribbon of glass. The continuous ribbon includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a first edge region, a second edge region opposite the first edge region, and a central region extending between the first edge region and the second edge region. Each of the first edge region and the second edge region has a greater thickness than the central region of the continuous ribbon. An indented pattern（凹凸パターン）is formed longitudinally along the first edge region of the continuous ribbon by forming a first series of indentations in the first surface of the continuous ribbon and forming a second series of indentations in the second surface of the continuous ribbon. The indented pattern includes intermediate segments interconnected with one another by web by webs. Each intermediate segment is thicker than adjacent webs."

US9293628
"5. The device in accordance with claim 4, wherein the force applicator comprises a shaped surface structure having a suitable patterned arrangement of projections and recesses（凹凸パターン配置）so as to generate stress patterns of a predetermined nature when pressed against the detector element."

US
"1. A method comprising: dispensing a resist layer on a substrate, wherein said resist layer comprises resist droplets; purging an inert gas within a chamber, wherein said inert gas has a solubility in said resist layer greater than the solubility of He; disposing a surface of said substrate and a topographically patterned surface（凹凸パターン化された面）of predetermined objects of a template together within said chamber, wherein said disposing causes said resist layer between said substrate and said template to conform to said topographically patterned surface, and wherein further said disposing forms nano-scale voids; reducing size of said nano-scale voids; and separating said substrate and said template, wherein said resist layer adheres to said surface of said substrate."

立向き（溶接）

US9481045
"When welding thick plates or heavy wall pipes, the weld joint design typically provides a narrow groove to permit an elongated electrode to be placed in the joint with some adjustment of the torch angle to assure a good weld created by layering a series of weld beads upon each other until the joint is filled. This process may be referred to as narrow groove welding（狭開先溶接）or deep groove welding（深開先溶接）interchangeably throughout the following description. Narrow groove welding is a process where successive single bead weld layers are applied on top of one another in a narrow groove or joint."

WO2015038713
"A system includes a welding torch assembly configured to establish a welding arc between an electrode and workpieces separated by a narrow groove（狭開先部）utilizing power from a power supply while moving the electrode radially in a desired pattern by a motion control assembly within the welding torch assembly. The welding torch assembly includes a nozzle through which the electrode is fed and within which the electrode is radially moved."

US20140061169
"A set of icons can also be used to indicate welding position for the advisor feature 60, and can be varied based on process and other parameters. For MIG welding these can include, for example, flat（下向き）, vertical（立向き）, and overhead（上向き）positions."

WO2015054391
"FIG. 2 illustrates a tubular welding wire 50 that includes a metallic sheath 52, which encapsulates（封入）a granular or powdered core 54 (also referred to as filler). In certain embodiments, the tubular welding wire 50 may comply with（準拠）one or more AWS standards. For example, in certain embodiments, the tubular welding wire 50 may be classified in accordance with AWS A5.18 ("SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR GAS SHEILDED ARC WELDING（ガスシールドアーク溶接）")"

optometrist, ophthalmologist, optician

Eye Doctors (WebMD)

ophthalmologist: physician, went to medical school, provide total eye care

optometrist: non-physician, perform eye exams, priscribe and fit eyeglasses

optician: eye glasses and contact lenses

鎖交する

"The central three turns all 'link' four lines of flux: 28 mWb.
The two outer turns link just two lines of flux: 14 mWb." (Magnetism: quantities, units and relationships)

"Faraday’s Law is bilateral – that is, anapplied voltage produces a changing flux,likewise a changing flux induces a voltage acrossa coil linked to that flux such that the inducedvolts per turn equals the rate of flux change."

"The flux density in the core (which links both windings) is determined solely by voltseconds per turn applied to the primary(Faraday’s Law), independent of loadcurrent."

"Thus, this "leakage" flux links the outer winding but not the inner winding." (Magnetic Field Evaluation in Transformers and Inductors By Lloyd H. Dixon)

"A charge moving through a magnetic field experiences （受ける）a force f perpendicular to both the velocity u and flux density B." ("Magnetic Circuits and Transformers", slides)

"A typical attempt at defining inductance is based on the idea that the flux links the current once in a single loop circuit, and that it links the current N times in an N-turn coil." (Electromagnetic Induction, PDF)

エッジライト型、直下型

Backlight, Wikipedia
"Most LED backlights for LCDs are edge-lit（エッジライト型）, i.e. several LEDs are placed at the edges of a lightguide, which distributes the light behind the LC panel. Advantages of this technique are the very thin flat-panel construction and low cost. A more expensive version is called full-array or direct（直下型）LED and consists of many LEDs placed behind the LC panel (an array of LEDs), such that large panels can be evenly illuminated. This arrangement allows for local dimming to obtain darker black pixels depending on the image displayed."

レモン汁式銅めっき

"Copper pennies are useful in demonstrating the concept of copper plating. A simple lemon bath is used to demonstrate this process. Lemon juice is a natural acid that attacks the oxidized copper-oxygen bond, releasing it from the surface of the pennies. Placement of a metal such as an iron nail in the lemon bath containing suspended copper ions results in a simple copper plating of the iron nail."(Copper plating, Wikipedia)
本当かな～？

コイル

Electromagnetic coil, Wikipedia

An electromagnetic coil is an electrical conductor such as a wire in the shape of（形状）a coil, spiral or helix.^[1][2] Electromagnetic coils are used in electrical engineering, in applications where electric currents interact with magnetic fields, in devices such as inductors, electromagnets, transformers, and sensor coils. Either an electric current is passed through（通す、流す）the wire of the coil to generate a magnetic field, or conversely an external time-varying（時間とともに変化、時変）magnetic field through the interior of the coil generates an EMF (voltage) in the conductor.

A current through any conductor creates a circular magnetic field（＊不定冠詞）around the conductor due to Ampere's law.^[3] The advantage of using the coil shape is that it increases the strength of magnetic field（＊無冠詞）produced by a given current. The magnetic fields（＊定冠詞＋複数）generated by the separate turns of wire（個別の巻線により発生された磁界）all pass through the center of the coil and add（合成、足す、加算）(superpose) to produce a strong field there.^[3] The more turns of wire, the stronger the field produced. Conversely, a changing external magnetic flux induces a voltage in a conductor such as a wire, due to Faraday's law of induction.^[3][4] The induced voltage can be increased by winding the wire into a coil, because the field lines intersect the circuit multiple times.^[3]

The direction of the magnetic field produced by a coil can be determined by the right hand grip rule（右手の法則）. If the fingers of the right hand are wrapped around the magnetic core of a coil in the direction of conventional current through the wire, the thumb will point in the direction the magnetic field lines pass through the coil. The end of a magnetic core from which the field lines emerge is defined to be the North pole.

The wire or conductor which constitutes the coil is called the winding（巻線）.^[5] The hole in the center of the coil is called the core area or magnetic axis.^[6] Each loop of wire（電線、ワイヤ）is called a turn（巻き？、ターン）.^[2] In windings in which the turns touch, the wire must be insulated with a coating of nonconductive insulation such as plastic or enamel to prevent the current from passing between the wire turns. The winding is often wrapped around a coil form made of plastic or other material to hold it in place（固定、保持）.^[2] The ends（端部）of the wire are brought out（取り出す、引き出す）and attached to an external circuit. Windings may have additional electrical connections along their length; these are called taps.^[7] A winding which has a single tap in the center of its length is called center-tapped.^[8]

直流電流

Unlike toys and flashlights, most homes, offices, factories, and other buildings aren't powered by little batteries: they're not supplied with DC current（直流電流）, but with alternating current (AC)（交流）, which reverses its direction about 50 times per second (with a frequency of 50 Hz). If you want to run a motor from your household AC electricity supply, instead of from a DC battery, you need a different design of motor（異なる設計のモータ）. (Induction Motors, EXPLAINTHATSTUFF!)

DC(direct current):直流
current:電流
"DC current"は"direct current current"ということになるが、別にそれで良いんだろう。

「異なる設計のモータ」
"a motor of a different design"
"a different design of motor"

どちらでもいいのか？同じ？

異なる種類のスピーカー
a different type of speaker
a speaker of a different type

異なる色の材料
a different color of material
a material of a different color