角形性、磁石・磁気の用語辞典、NeoMag
US2005277002
"[0004] The amount of data that can be stored per unit area on a magnetic recording medium is directly related to the metallurgical characteristics and the composition of the data-storing layer and, correspondingly, to the sputter target material from which the data-storing layer is sputtered. FIG. 2 illustrates a typical hysteresis loop of a data-storing thin film layer, obtained by the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ("VSM") technique. Using this process, a VSM quasi-statically drives a magnet around its hysteresis loop using an applied field from an electromagnet. The sample is vibrated in this field, and the measurement system detects the applied field (H) and the sample's magnetization (M) in the applied field. FIG. 2 depicts the variation of material magnetization (M) in the direction of the applied field (H).
[0005] Hysteresis parameters include saturation (or maximum) magnetization (Ms), zero field remnant magnetization (Mr), coercivity (Hc), coercive squareness (S*=1-(Mr/Hc)/(dM/dH)) and remanence squareness (S=Mr/Ms). Zero field remnant magnetization (Mr) (or "remanence") is a measure of the remaining magnetization when the driving field is dropped to zero, and coercivity (Hc) is a measure of the reverse field needed to drive the magnetization to zero after being saturated. These macroscopic properties determine read back signal (S0) variables such as pulse shape, amplitude, and resolution.
[0006] The predominant materials presently used for conventional magnetic recording media are ferromagnetic, Co-Cr-Pt-B-based alloys, arranged as an array of nanoscale grains where each grain is typically 10 nm or less. The intergranular gap at those grain boundaries is generally very narrow, and the intergranular gap is often not sufficient to prevent magnetostatic and intergranular exchange.
[0007] There are three approaches to thin film noise reduction: compositional segregation at grain boundaries, multilayer application, and physical grain separation. Briefly, by applying magnetic multilayers in a stack of ferromagnetic films separated by nonmagnetic thin layers, or by sputtering a thin film at low temperatures and high pressures to generate a "voided grain structure, the noise in magnetic media can be decreased, and data storage capabilities increased. "
「[0004] 磁気記録媒体上の単位面積当たりの記録可能なデータ量は、データ記録層の金属特性と組成とに直接的に関係し、相応して、データ記録層をスパッタするスパッタターゲット材に関係する。図８は、振動試料型磁力計（ＶＳＭ：Vibrating Sample Magnetometer)法によって得た、データ記録薄膜層の典型的なヒステリシスループを示している。このプロセスを使用する場合、振動試料型磁力計は、準静的に電磁石からの付与磁界を用いてそのヒステリシスループの回りに磁石を駆動する。前記試料をこの磁界内で振動し、その測定システムは、与えられた磁界（Ｈ）と磁界における試料の磁化（Ｍ）を検出する。図８は、付与磁界（Ｈ）方向における材料の磁化変化を示す。
[0005] ヒステリシスパラメータは、飽和（又は最大）磁化（Ｍｓ）、残留磁化（Ｍｒ）、保磁力（Ｈｃ）、保磁力角型比（Ｓ*＝１−（Ｍｒ／Ｈｃ）／（ｄＭ／ｄＨ））及び残留磁化角型比（Ｓ＝Ｍｒ／Ｍｓ）を含む。残留磁化（Ｍｒ）は、磁界を零に減少させた時に残留している磁化の大きさであり、保磁力（Ｈｃ）は、飽和した後に磁化を零にするのに必要な反対方向の磁界の大きさである。これら巨視的特性は、パルス形状、振幅及び分解能のような復唱信号（Ｓｏ）変数を決定する。
[0006] 従来の磁気記録媒体に用いられる主な材料は、現状ではＣｏ（コバルト）−Ｃｒ（クロム）−Ｐｔ（白金）−Ｂ（ボロン）を主成分とする強磁性の合金であり、各粒子が一般的に１０ｎｍ以下のナノスケールの粒子列で配列されている。これら粒界で粒間ギャップは、一般的に非常に狭い。そして、その粒間ギャップは多くの場合、静磁気及び粒間変化を妨げるには不十分である。
[0007] 薄膜のノイズ低減に対しては、３つの技術がある。即ち、粒界での組成偏析、多層アプリケーション及び物理的な粒子分離である。簡単に言えば、非磁性の薄い層で分離されて積み重ねられた強磁性膜内に磁性の多層を設けることにより、或いは、空隙化された粒子構造を生成するために低温、高圧で薄膜をスパッタリングすることにより、磁気媒体のノイズを低減でき、データ記録能力を増大できる。 」
US8665055
"According to various embodiments, the alloy may have a squareness or remanence ratio of less than 10% and preferably between 1 and 6%, and more preferably about 5%. The squareness or remanence ratio may be represented by Equation 7 below:
Squareness Ratio=Br/Bs (7)
where Br represents the flux density remaining in a core of the alloy after the drive field reaches zero, and Bs represents the saturation flux density of the core. An illustration of the squareness ratio of the alloy according to various embodiments, is described below with respect to Example 4 and FIG. 5. Also, according to various embodiments, the alloy may have favorable core loss properties. For example, at 0.1 T and 100 kHz, the alloy may exhibit a core loss of between 25 and 80 W/kg, and preferably less than 30 W/kg. At 0.2T and 20 kHz, the alloy may exhibit a core loss of less than 10 W/kg and preferably less than 5 W/kg."
WO2011128385
(Ab)
"A method and apparatus are disclosed which are suitable for use in the manufacture of two-piece metal containers. In particular, a press is disclosed which makes cup sections from metal sheet using a combination of drawing and stretching operations. The cups resulting from the press have the advantage of having a base thickness that is thinner relative to the ingoing gauge of the metal sheet."
「本発明は、ツーピース金属容器の製造での使用に適する方法及び装置を提供する。特に、絞り加工及び延伸加工工程の組み合わせを用いて、金属シートからカップセクションを作るプレス機が開示される。プレス機から得られるカップには、金属シートの到来標準寸法と比較して薄い基部を備えるという利点がある。」
WO2009154653
(Ab)
"Metal discs, preferably circular, are cut to a precise diameter and drawn to a preform with a channel and skirt for an aerosol valve mounting cup. The preform then undergoes further forming operations at the stations in a press system. 'Bumping' is carried out on the skirt edge at a station, to eliminate non- burr trimming of the cup edge, save material and obtain a carefully controlled skirt height and a substantially even skirt edge with minimized earring. The resultant cup terminating skirt edge is characterized by reformed metal. A further coaxing or pinch-cut operation may be performed on the cup skirt."
「好ましくは円形である金属ディスクが、正確な直径に切断され、エアロゾルバルブの装着カップのチャネルとスカートとを備えたプリフォームに絞り加工される。そして、このプリフォームは、プレス加工システムのステーションでさらなる形成動作を受ける。カップの縁のトリミングの必要性をなくし、材料を節約し、注意深く制御されたスカート高さと、イヤリングが最小のほぼ平坦なスカートの縁を得るために、所定のステーションでスカートの縁に「バンピング」が行われる。製造されたカップのスカートの終端縁は、変形された金属により特徴付けられる。さらなるコーキシング又はピンチカット動作が、このカップのスカートに行われることができる。」
US7016383
(Title)
"Immersion-cooled（液浸冷却の）monolithic laser diode array and method of manufacturing the same"
(Ab)
"A laser diode array is formed on a substrate ( 310 ) in which a number of parallel grooves ( 312 ) are formed. A metal layer ( 410 ) is formed on the grooves ( 312 ). Laser diode bars ( 314 ) are fitted in alternate grooves, and every other groove is left vacant to serve as a cooling channel ( 316 ). The array is immersion cooled（液浸冷却）in a housing ( 210 ). Liquid coolant is circulated through the housing ( 210 ) and through a heat exchanger ( 216 ). The liquid coolant flows over a major surface of the substrate ( 310 ) and through the cooling channels ( 316 ). Thus, heat is removed by circulating fluid from three sides of the laser diode bars ( 314 ). Such high-performance cooling permits the laser diode array to have a greater power density."
US2017354066(JP)
"1. A liquid immersion cooling（液浸冷却）apparatus that cools an electronic device including a heat generating element, the apparatus comprising:
a liquid immersion tank that accommodates a cooling liquid and the electronic device to be immersed in the cooling liquid;
a wall that is disposed within the liquid immersion tank, the wall having a protrusion protruding toward the electronic device; and
a drive mechanism that moves a position of the protrusion along the electronic device."
US2014141626(JP)
"[0008] In the negative electrode including the negative electrode active material with the large expansion and contraction such as silicon, too high adhesion between the binder and the negative electrode current collector causes the stress from the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material to be applied to the negative electrode current collector in the quick charging/discharging. This produces the irreversible form change of the negative electrode, i.e., a crease（シワ）."
WO2011236750(JP)
"[0017] The related art mentioned above respectively have the following problems. According to Patent Document 1, an insulation cover is pre-arranged in an unfolded form, and after a step in which bend parts are bent after an electrode assembly is placed therein and in which overlapping parts are then welded to form a bag-like shape (see paragraphs 0019 and 0020, as well as FIGS. 6 and 7 of Patent Document 1), these are housed within a cell case (see paragraphs 0026 and 0027, as well as FIGS. 8A through 8C of Patent Document 1). Thus, many steps are involved, resulting in higher costs, and, further, it is difficult to perform assembly without causing creases（しわ）, twists, scratches, etc., in the insulation cover or the electrode assembly, or without causing the quality of the finished product to vary."
WO2011111277(JP)
"[0017] There is thus a concern that they may cause separation of the active material from the current collector, occurrence of wrinkles（しわ）in the current collector, uneven charge/discharge reactions, deterioration of charge/discharge cycle characteristics, etc."
WO2016043355(KR)
" However, according to an embodiment, no wrinkles（しわ）may be formed in the curved secondary battery 100, e.g., on the pouch, and damage to the pouch 120 due to stress concentration may be effectively prevented. During the manufacture of the curved secondary battery 100, even when a compression process for reducing a thickness of the curved secondary battery 100 is performed, damage to the electrode assembly 110 due to wrinkles of the pouch 120 may be prevented."
WO2001020835
"1. Apparatus for use at a node of an optical fiber ring network, comprising:
at least one link card that sends and receives a data stream to and from（送受信）a client device; a least one multiplexer unit（合波ユニット）that sends and receives data streams to and from at least first and second optical fiber cables; and
switching apparatus for interconnecting（相互接続）the multiplexer units to the link cards;
each multiplexer unit including a coarse optical wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer（合波分波器）that sends a first data stream over the first optical fiber cable using a first optical wavelength and that receives a second data stream from the first optical fiber cable at a second optical wavelength, where the first and second optical wavelengths differ by at least 10 nm."
EP1198154
"1. A method for providing high connectivity communications over a Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) packet-switched（パケット切替え型）optical ring network having a plurality of nodes connected thereto comprising the steps of:
creating（生成）, at one of said plurality of nodes, a composite packet;
dropping（分波）a composite packet being routed over said packet-switched optical ring network destined for said one of a plurality of nodes of said packet-switched optical ring network from said packet-switched optical ring network;
adding（合波）said composite packet created by said one of said plurality of nodes into said packet-switched optical ring network; and
routing（ルート指定）said composite packet to a destination node."
EP1139126
(Ab)
"A wavelength selective polarization beam device uses waveguide grating routers (WGRs) having birefringent grating waveguides. When the device is used as a splitter（分波器）it separates different wavelength channels of a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal as well as the orthogonal polarization components of each wavelength channel. Since the WGR device is reciprocal, it can also be used as a combiner（合波器）to combine the orthogonal polarization components of each wavelength channel into a WDM signal."
WO9939411
" The light with the selected wavelengths in the fiber 33 can be amplified by one or more erbium-doped amplifiers, pass through isolators, add（加算）(possibly from other tunable sources) and drop（ドロップ）channels and wavelengths, multiplexing and demultiplexing sections（合波および分波部）, and routed, actively or passively, to various destinations and detectors. Several nodes 34, 36 are shown which can receive other inputs from different systems or provide output 37, 38, 40, 42 to other parts of the fiber optic network, and provide routing and switching of the channels and information, and this feeds to a passive wavelength operation 44, which provides a de-multiplexing function."
US2016359554(JP, 富士通）
"Branching units（分波装置）(BUs) 30B to 30D are disposed on the trunk line 2. In the BU 30B, a branch line 3B which is a landing cable（陸揚げケーブル）is branched from（分岐）the trunk line 2. The BU 30B is an add/drop unit（Add／Drop装置）that connects the trunk line 2 with the station device 10B that is a ground station（陸上局）, to each other. The BU 30B drops（dropする）an optical signal addressed to the station device 10B from a main signal transmitted on the trunk line 2. The BU 30B removes（除去）the optical signal dropped from the main signal transmitted on the trunk line 2 by using a filter, and then, multiplexes（合波）an optical signal added from the station device 10B with the main signal on the trunk line 2."
"The station devices 10A to 10E illustrated in FIG. 9 are called ground stations（陸揚げ局）. The station device 10A includes a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) interconnection equipment (SIE)/network protection equipment (NPE) 101A. The station device 10A also includes a 10G_WDM_SLTE 102A."
US2018070156(JP, 日本電気株式会社)
"[0003] On the other hand, in land-based optical communication networks, reconfigurable（＊再構成可能）optical add/drop multiplexing (ROADM) devices have been widely used. An ROADM device allows a network configuration to be changed (reconfigured) after beginning of operation without replacing the OADM device. For example, PTL 1 describes an ROADM device that uses a wavelength selective switch (WSS). A WSS includes three functions: a demultiplexing（分波）function of separating input optical signals by a wavelength unit, a switching function for selecting demultiplexed optical signals, and a function of multiplexing（合波）selected optical signals. A WSS may further include a function of adjusting an optical signal level with each wavelength. PTL 2 describes an optical cross-connect device including a redundant configuration. In a typical ROADM device, WSSs are provided for each of an uplink and a downlink, and optical signals with predetermined wavelengths are distributed to trunk stations and branch stations.
[0004] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a typical optical submarine cable system 90. The optical submarine cable system 90 includes an ROADM device 900 and landing stations（陸揚局）101 to 103. The ROADM device 900 is a branching device installed on the seafloor and is connected to the landing stations 101 to 103 installed ashore. The landing stations 101 to 103 are terminal stations that terminate（終端する）optical submarine cables. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical signals (hereinafter referred to as “WDM signals”) are transmitted between the landing stations 101 to 103 and the ROADM device 900 by using the optical submarine cables."
What is the difference between permittivity and dielectric constant?
Relative Permittivity & Dielectric Constant
Permittivity: Material property, how much material opposes an electric field.
Relative permittivity: Permittivity compared to vacuum
Dielectric constant: = Relative permittivity
WO2015035212(特表2016-532714)
"79. The method according to any one of claims 72-78, further comprising allowing the evaporation to occur under a constant flow of nitrogen gas（一定の窒素気流下で）."
WO2010018231(特表2012-500192)
"13. Crystalline 1-isopropyl-4-{[4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yloxy)phenyl]carbonyl}hexahydro-1 H-1 ,4-diazepine mono-maleate having a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram which is substantially as shown in Figure 4 and/or which has an endotherm with an onset temperature of 149.2 ± 5 <0>C, when measured at atmospheric pressure and under a flow of nitrogen（窒素の気流下で）using a calorimeter using a heating rate of about 10 <0>C per minute."
WO03016315(特表2005-501857)
"4. The crystalline Na salt of Compound A according to claim 3, which is further characterized by a differential scanning calorimetry curve, at a heating rate（昇温速度）of 10 C/min in an open cup under flowing nitrogen（窒素気流下）, exhibiting an endotherm with a peak temperature of about 348 C and an associated heat of fusion of about 45 J/gm followed by an exotherm with a peak temperature of about 352 C and an associated heat of fusion of about 45 J/gm."
WO2006052818(特表2008-519242)
When the dispense（取り出し）button is activated, valve 141 is activated
取り出しボタンが活性化されている時、弁１４１は活性化され、
and the inlet port of the quick exhaust valve 165 is pressurized, causing the poppet to close its exhaust port, pressurize the dewar, and cause LN2 to be dispensed.
急速排気弁の入力ポートは加圧され、ポペットが排気弁を閉じ、デュワーを加圧し、ＬＮ２を取り出す。
Upon release of the dispense button, valve 141 is de-activated and the gas in the dispense line is vented（排気される）through the exhaust port of 3-way valve 141.
取り出しボタンを開放すると、弁１４１は不活性化され、取り出し管内のガスは３方向弁１４１の排気ポートを通過して排気される。
Pressure in the dewar then forces the poppet away from the exhaust port, allowing the pressurized dewar to vent to atmosphere.
そして、デュワー内の圧力がポペットを排気ポートから分離し、加圧されたデュワーから雰囲気を（＊雰囲気中に？）排気することが許可される。
WO2004106079(特表2007-503520)
Example 8
【０１１９】
例８
280.8（＊文頭の数字、文頭数字）parts of sorbitol are mixed with 142 parts of glycerol and heated to 90 C with stirring（撹拌しながら）to form a solution, which is then cooled to 80 C.
２８０．８部のソルビトールを１４２部のグリセロールと混合し、そして撹拌しながら９０℃に加熱して溶液を形成させ、次いで８０℃に冷却する。
Two parts of boron trifluoride acetic acid complex are added and the mixture is stirred for further 10 minutes.
２部の三フッ化ホウ素酢酸錯体を添加し、そしてこの混合物を更に１０分間撹拌する。
43.5 parts of epichlorohydrin are added at 80 C and when the exothermic reaction has started, further 802. 4 parts of epichloro-hydrin are added dropwise（滴加）over one hour at 80-85 C with cooling（冷却しながら）.
４３．５部のエピクロロヒドリンを８０℃にて添加し、そして発熱反応が始まった時、冷却しながら８０～８５℃にて更に８０２．４部のエピクロロヒドリンを１時間かけて滴加する。
Then the reaction mixture is cooled to 50 C and the atmosphere in the reaction vessel is evacuated.
次いで、この反応混合物を５０℃に冷却し、そして反応容器中の雰囲気を排気する。
構成される：is configured (constructed, constituted, made) of, from
含んで構成される：comprise
有する：include, comprise, have
備える、具備する：provided with, equipped with, comprise, include, have
2018JAN04追記：
構成する：constitute
「板材の長辺を構成する縁部」"an edge portion constituting a long side of the plate member"
Armature, Wikipedia
Mechanical
Rotor: The rotating part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor.
Stator: The stationary part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor
Electrical
Armature: The power-producing component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator.
Field: The magnetic field component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. The field can be on either the rotor or the stator and can be either an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
歯槽膿漏…膿漏…膿がイッパイよ…しかも下痢漏れしてるし…パイヨ…pyo…漏れ...rhea...pyorrhea
pyo: pus
rrhea: flow, drip
下痢：dyarrhea（dya: through, across）
淋病：gonorrhea（gono:精子semen, seedsが滴り落ちていると考えられた）
WO2015089550(特表2017-501090)
"15. A vehicle trailer comprising the container assembly of any one of claims 1. through 14. and at least one wheeled assembly depending from（垂設）the load beating exoskeleton."
WO2015175336(特表2017-526085)
"[0227] In embodiments, a slot 2702 (see Fig. 27) may be formed in each of the disks 2620 and 2622, and an projection 2704 may rise from（立設）the floor 2915 of the first portion 2600 or descend from（垂設）the ceiling of the first portion to fit and ride within the slot 2702."
WO2014130624(特表2016-507330)
"FIGs. 8a and 8b show another embodiment in accordance with the invention. Here the substrate may have a generally flat region (as shown in the center) with additional elastomeric material providing flexing support or membrane between the flat region and the peripheral ring. These flexing membranes are similar to speaker cone where a central element is suspended by（垂設）a membrane connecting to a peripheral rigid structure."
WO2016016345(特表2017-522887)
"A "robotic manipulator" is an automated manipulator configured to manipulate components of the automated system described herein. In some embodiments, it can be moved laterally (along an x- and/or y-axis) and vertically (along a z-axis). In some embodiments, the robotic manipulator can be moved within a part or all of the automated system. In order to be moveable, the robotic manipulator may be flexibly suspended（垂設）and/or include a flexible robotic arm."
WO2014033431(特表2015-526689)
"Suitably the storage compartment has an upper, outwardly-extending flange which rests on an upper, outwardly extending flange of the outer casing, whereby the storage compartment is suspended（垂設）in the outer casing."
WO2015077866(特表2017-503006)
"28. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 24, for use alone or in combination with（単独で、または…と組み合わせて）at least one pharmaceutically acceptable（薬学的に許容される）agent in the treatment of a subject suffering from a protein kinase mediated disease, disorder, or condition in which Tyrosine kinase family member activity is implicated."
WO2011025965(特表2013-503193)
"30. A method of preventing or treating cancer, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Claim 1, alone or in combination with（単独で、または…と併用して）one or more additional compounds having anti-cancer properties."
WO2012007137(特表2013-532628)
(Ab)
"The invention relates to the use of the Peptide of the formula Cyclo-(Arg-Gly- Asp-DPhe-NMe-Val) and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable dervatives, solvates and/or salts thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of breast cancer and/or bone metastases in humans, wherein the medicament is optionally to be used in combination with one or more（１種または２種以上の…と組み合わせて）cancer cotherapeutic agents, preferably selected from a) hormone modulating agents, b) osteoclast activity modulating agents, c) cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and/or d) radiotherapy, alone, concurrently or not in the dosage regime of the present invention（単独で、同時に、または本発明の投与レジメンによらないで）."
WO2009118509(特表2011-519749)
"24. A composite material according to claim 23, wherein the toughening agents/particles include any of the following either alone or in combination（単独で又は組み合わせて）: polyamides, copolyamides, polyimides, aramids, polyketones, polyetheretherketones, polyarylene ethers, polyesters, polyurethanes, polysulphones, high performance hydrocarbon polymers, liquid crystal polymers, PTFE, elastomers, and segmented elastomers."
