US9328969
(Abstract)
"Disclosed herein are small, lightweight, portable, systems that have the capability of（可能な）reliably, reproducibly（再現可能）, highly efficiently and relatively inexpensively providing a source of purified water of sufficient volumes for home dialysis. In addition, the systems disclosed herein require much less purified water at any one time than the volumes typically needed for dialysis today, thereby further reducing the expense of running the system at home."
"What is claimed is:
1. A water treatment device, comprising: at least first and second laminae（薄膜、薄層）arranged in a stacked（積層）relationship so as to form a stack（積層）of laminae, each lamina having a fluid flow field; an inlet pathway comprising the fluid flow field of the first lamina, the inlet pathway having a heat exchange region; an outlet pathway comprising the fluid flow field of the second lamina, the outlet pathway having a heat exchange region; a metal transfer layer disposed between the heat exchange region of the inlet pathway and the heat exchange region of the outlet pathway, the metal transfer layer being configured to（構成）transfer heat between fluid flowing in the inlet pathway and fluid flowing in the outlet pathway; a first cut-out（切欠き）in the first lamina, wherein the first cut-out is separate from and surrounds（囲む、囲繞）at least a portion of the fluid flow field of the first lamina without intersecting the first lamina fluid flow field; a second cut-out in the second lamina, wherein the second cut-out is separate from and surrounds at least a portion of the fluid flow field of the second lamina without intersecting the second lamina fluid flow field, and wherein the first and second cut-outs vertically align with（整列、一列、揃う）one another in the stack to form a collective cut-out that extends（延在）through the stack; and a first plate on the top of the stack and a second plate on the bottom of the stack, wherein the first and second plates enclose（囲む、収容、閉鎖）the top and bottom of the collective cut-out creating an insulating chamber to the fluid flow fields of the stack."
"The present disclosure concerns a dialysis system, such as a microfluidic or flow field dialyzer capable of being fluidly coupled to a dialysate stream and a blood stream, and a method for using the dialysis system.
There are, at present, hundreds of thousands of patients in the United States with end-stage renal（腎臓）disease. Most of those require dialysis to survive. United States Renal Data System projects the number of patients in the U.S. on dialysis（透析中）will climb past 600,000 by 2012. Many patients receive dialysis treatment at a dialysis center, which can place a demanding, restrictive and tiring schedule on a patient. Patients who receive in-center dialysis typically must travel to the center at least three times a week and sit in a chair for 3 to 4 hours each time while toxins and excess fluids are filtered from their blood. After the treatment, the patient must wait for the needle site（部位）to stop bleeding and blood pressure to return to normal, which requires even more time taken away from other, more fulfilling activities in their daily lives. Moreover, in-center patients must follow an uncompromising（厳しい、厳格）schedule as a typical center treats three to five shifts of patients in the course of a day. As a result, many people who dialyze three times a week complain of feeling exhausted for at least a few hours after a session.
Given the demanding nature of in-center dialysis, many patients have turned to home dialysis as an option. Home dialysis provides the patient with scheduling flexibility as it permits the patient to choose treatment times to fit other activities, such as going to work or caring for a family member. Unfortunately, current dialysis systems are generally unsuitable for use in a patient's home. One reason for this is that current systems（＊無冠詞）are too large and bulky to fit within a typical home. Current dialysis systems（＊無冠詞）are also energy-inefficient in that（という点で）they use large amounts of energy and require enormous amounts of water for proper use. Although some home dialysis systems are available, they generally use complex flow-balancing technology that is relatively expensive to manufacture and most systems are designed with a system of solenoid valves that create high noise levels. As a result, most dialysis treatments are performed at dialysis centers.
SUMMARY
In view of（鑑み）the foregoing, there is a need（必要、需要）for improved fluid purification systems, particularly water purification systems for preparing fluids for use in conjunction with home dialysis."
Dyalizer (Wikipedia)
"The dialyzer is the piece of equipment that actually filters the blood. Almost all dialyzers in use today are of the hollow-fiber（中空糸）variety. A cylindrical bundle of hollow fibers, whose walls are composed of semi-permeable membrane, is anchored at each end into potting compound (a sort of glue). This assembly is then put into a clear plastic cylindrical shell with four openings. One opening or blood port at each end of the cylinder communicates with（連通）each end of the bundle of hollow fibers. This forms the "blood compartment" of the dialyzer. Two other ports are cut into the side of the cylinder. These communicate with the space around the hollow fibers, the "dialysate compartment." Blood is pumped via the blood ports through this bundle of very thin capillary-like tubes, and the dialysate is pumped through the space surrounding the fibers. Pressure gradients are applied when necessary to move fluid from the blood to the dialysate compartment."
US6719907
(Abstract)
"A dual-stage filtration cartridge is provided. The cartridge can be embodied as a mid-dilution hemodiafiltration cartridge or a redundant sterilization filtration cartridge. The cartridge includes a housing having a first end and an opposing（対向）second end. The housing has a primary fluid inlet and outlet（＊a primary fluid outlet；複数名詞の冗長形容の省略）at the first end of the cartridge. The housing also defines first and second filtration stages with the first filtration stage including first filtering elements disposed between the first and second ends of the housing. Each stage has a separate inter-lumen fiber space, but shares a common extra-lumen space. The primary fluid inlet communicates with（連通）the first filtering elements at the first end so that fluid flows through the first filtering elements toward the second end. The second filtration stage includes second filtering elements disposed between the first and second ends of the housing with the fluid outlet communicating with the second filtering elements at the first end."
"What is claimed is:
1. In（において）a blood dialysis system including a source of substitution fluid and a blood dialysis machine, a hemodiafiltration cartridge comprising: a housing including a blood inlet which receives（受付、受入れ）blood, a blood outlet which discharges diafiltered blood, a dialysate inlet for receiving a dialysate fluid and a dialysate outlet for discharging the dialysate fluid, the housing further including a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; a member for dividing the housing into a first hemodiafiltration stage and a second hemodiafiltration stage, a first portion of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements being（現在分詞）associated with the first stage and a second portion of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements being associated with the second stage, the blood inlet being in fluid communication only with（流体連通）the first stage, while the blood outlet is in fluid communication only with the second stage; and an inter-stage section for providing fluid communication between the first and second stages, the inter-stage section including an inlet for receiving a substitution fluid, wherein blood entering the blood inlet is partially diafiltered as（する際、時、しながら）it flows within the semi-permeable filtering elements of the first stage before being discharged into the inter-stage section where it is mixed with substitution fluid to form a blood/substitution mixture which then flows within the semi-permeable filtering elements of the second stage where further diafiltration occurs, wherein the housing includes only one dialysate fluid compartment that is common to both the first and second stages."
"23. A dual-stage filtration cartridge comprising: a housing having a first sterilization stage including first semi-permeable filtering elements and a second sterilization stage including second semi-permeable filtering elements, the housing having a first end and a second end with the first end including a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port（＊cf. a fluid inlet and outlet port）and a member that divides（分ける、分割）the housing into the first sterilization stage and the second sterilization stage, first ends（＊複数名詞に係るから複数）of the semi-permeable filtering elements being（＊the first ends being）proximate to the first end of the housing, second ends of the semi-permeable filtering elements being proximate to the second end of the housing, the fluid inlet port being in fluid communication only with（流体連通）the first sterilization stage, while the fluid outlet port is in fluid communication only with the second sterilization stage, wherein the first and second semi-permeable filtering elements are sealed at the second end of the housing so as to cause the fluid entering the fluid inlet port to flow within lumen sections of the first semi-permeable filtering elements and then be filtered by being conducted（導く）across the first semi-permeable filtering elements and then subsequently being filtered again by being conducted across the second semi-permeable filtering elements and into the lumen sections of the second semi-permeable filtering elements prior to being discharged through the fluid outlet port."
image capture device
imaging device
imaging apparatus
imager
image capture element（素子）
US6040857
"The present invention relates to an optical low-pass filter to reduce or eliminate high spatial frequencies over a broad spectral bandwidth in order to minimize aliasing artifacts due to discrete sampling of images in image capture devices（撮像装置）, such as electronic still cameras with monochromatic or color sensors or single sensor element color video cameras, while at the same time maintaining highest possible resolution（＊無冠詞）."
"Solid-state image capture devices（撮像装置）such as electronic still cameras and the like（等）rely on an array of discrete light sensitive elements or photosites known as pixels to spatially sample an image of the object and produce sampled output. Because the image is sampled in a discrete manner, images re-created（＊語順；～された～）contain false signal content not present in the original object. This phenomenon is known as aliasing and becomes noticeable for those spatial frequency components of the image which（＊先行詞の明示）are equal to half the spatial sampling frequency along a particular direction of the pixel array, the so-called Nyquist frequency."
"It will be appreciated that the value of M used in EQN. 2 depends on the particular digital image capture device, or more precisely, on the particular imaging lens（撮像レンズ）. In general, the worse the performance of the imaging lens is (i.e. the lower imaging lens MTF at f="Fa(λo)) the higher the value of M in EQN. 22 will be. Conversely, the better the imaging lens performance the closer M will be to one."
US6532298
"The present invention is directed to a compact, handheld imaging apparatus（撮像装置）and method which can be used to capture（得る、撮像する）high-quality iris images. Preferably, the imager（撮像装置、イメージャ）has sensors and indicators which assist the human operator in aligning and focusing the device. The imager also automatically captures the image when proper positioning is achieved."
"The handheld iris imager comprises a solid-state image capture device（撮像装置）and an optical system which forms an image 109 of the iris on the image capture device at the image plane of the video camera 105 and at the same time produces a virtual image 115 of the iris which the user can use to position and focus the iris image. As a result, the user can, using the same eye being imaged（撮像）, see a reflected image of the iris which can be used to position the handheld imager 100 so that a good（良好）iris image (i.e., an image that can be processed and compared to those stored in a database) can be obtained."
US5381084
(Abstract)
"A large area X-ray image capture element（撮像素子）is fabricated by juxtaposing（並置、並べる）a plurality of discrete array modules in an assembly over the top surface of a base plate, such that each module is disposed adjacent（隣接して配置）at least one other module to form（～して/することにより形成）a two-dimensional mosaic of modules. Each of the discrete modules includes a plurality of thin-form transistors arrayed（アレイ配置）adjacent the top surface of a dielectric substrate wherein（＊詳細説明）at least one precision-ground edge forms a precise abutment with a precision-ground edge of another substrate. A continuous radiation detecting layer is disposed over the plurality of juxtaposed modules, and produces a latent radiographic image in the form of electrical charges. Such a method minimizes or totally voids（無くす）the non-radiation-detecting areas created at the borders between the array modules."
US7737055
"2. Discussion of Related Art
Integrated circuit devices such as microprocessors and memory devices are typically fabricated（作製）upon a semiconductor substrate, such as a full or partial wafer of semiconductor material (e.g., silicon, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, etc.), or other substrate including one or more layers of semiconductor material thereon, such as a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) type substrate (such as（例えば）, a silicon-on-glass (SOG), silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), silicon-on-ceramic (SOC), etc.（等）), or any（任意の）other suitable fabrication substrate. A large number of identical integrated circuit devices typically are fabricated on a single substrate, and the substrate is then diced, sawed, or cut, to physically separate individual semiconductor devices from one another.
Semiconductor substrates are subjected to（受ける、曝す、される）a significant number of individual processes（プロセス、処理）during the fabrication of integrated circuitry thereon. These processes often include growth or deposition of material layers, ion doping or implanting, photolithography processes, etc. These processes may be preceded or followed by cleaning steps that involve（用いる、使用）, for example, scrubbing, spray cleaning, and other such processes. At the completion of（終わり、終了後）cleaning, the substrate may be further processed to remove the cleaning agents and contaminant materials from the surface of the substrate to prevent the formation of contaminating residue on the substrate surface. Often, the last step in a cleaning process includes a rinsing step using clean, de-ionized water followed by a drying process.
For example, it is known in the art to spin a fabrication substrate about a rotational axis extending through the center of the substrate and perpendicular to a major plane（主面）thereof, while directing a stream of clean de-ionized water onto a surface（＊不定冠詞）of the substrate. A substrate may be placed in a spin rinse drier (SRD) that includes a platform coupled to a drive motor. The drive motor may cause the platform to spin at a velocity of, for example, up to 4,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). A stream of water may be directed onto the surface of the substrate while it is spinning to rinse contaminants from the surface of the substrate.
Typically, a rinse liquid（リンス液）is applied to an entire surface（＊不定冠詞）of the substrate, including the center of rotation thereof, which is a point on the surface at which the axis about which the substrate is rotated intersects the surface of the substrate to which liquid is applied and removed（＊厳密には"and from which the liquid is removed"か？）. As the substrate spins, centrifugal forces（＊なぜに複数？）cause the liquid to fan out across the surface of the substrate, thereby forming a substantially continuous sheet or film of liquid covering the surface of the substrate. To dry the surface of the substrate, the substantially continuous sheet or film of liquid is removed from the surface of the substrate by interrupting the flow of liquid onto the surface of the substrate while continuing to spin the substrate. Centrifugal forces acting on the liquid cause it to slide off from (or otherwise be removed from) the surface of the substrate in a generally radially outward direction from the center of rotation toward the lateral edges of the substrate."
US6319410
"It is a still further object of the invention to provide a novel supercritical extraction technique which is able to use less expensive containers for samples to be extracted than prior techniques."
US9015031
"To be independent of a particular type system, there is developed a technique which is able to handle a potentially unlimited number of types."
US6560618
"It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a technique which enables specifying, with each content request, parameter values that may be used to dynamically generate (and customize) archive file content."
US6392550
"The computer which receives the pressure pattern data from the sensor array utilizes a neural network processing technique which enables it to determine the probable driver alertness level based upon changes in the driver's posture over time."
US5724998
"In order to narrow the size range of tobacco dust particles that are used in the processes of the present invention, a technique which is capable of discriminating between various particle sizes may be employed."
US5280278
"It is an object of the present invention to provide a TFEL matrix display panel drive technique which allows for increasing the brightness of TFEL displays."
US5346815
"Monoclonal antibodies to NhaS may be prepared by using any technique which provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture."
US8048669
"There is thus a need for （必要）a cell block preparation technique that is able to place cell fragments within a concentrated area within the cell block, without losing cells, such that a single section of the wax cell block shows a substantial proportion of all the cell fragments without dilution by fibrin or other carrier molecules. Also desirable is （必要、要望）a technique which avoids or eliminates mislabeling of a cell block, contamination of one cell block with another cell block, and which requires less embedding reagents and time than currently available techniques, and allows standardized preservation of biomolecules for diagnostic studies and research."
US7942311
"The vertical axis 302 is again an intensity scale, while the horizontal axis 304 is a time scale in seconds."
US6311138
"The oscilloscope is useful because it enables the visualization of the time varying character of signals, using a vertical axis representing level and horizontal axis representing time."
"FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the display 110. It comprises a signal plot region 116 in which the detected voltage of a sampled signal is conventionally plotted on a vertical axis against an horizontal time axis."
"In the illustrated example, the derived parameter is the time for which（～する時間（の長さ））the data of the primary measurement either exceeds a threshold TH, illustrating width jitter. As a result, whereas the vertical axis in the primary measurement display portion 122 is voltage, the vertical axis in the derived parameter display portion 122 is time or signal width."
US8549647
"FIG. 3 is a process plot which illustrates how the Bayesian Inference Engine iterates to a final belief for a malware sample. The vertical axis of the plot 290 represents the malware belief, P(M), as it fluctuates within its range of 0 to 1 based on the analysis of the various observables. The horizontal axis of the plot 300 represents the observables analyzed by the invention."
US6314204
"The independent variable x is plotted along the horizontal axis 550, and the probability distribution p(x) is plotted along the vertical axis 552."
US7428713
"The X-Y plot 220 has a vertical axis 222 representing the structural responses and a horizontal axis 224 representing design variable X."
US8863293
"The vertical axis shows the calculated entropy, while the horizontal axis shows which step of the attack is being considered."
US5028830
"The hub 4 may take any of the conventional forms of hub structure suitable for placement in a winding machine to have the magnetic strip, ribbon or tape material wound thereon and is configured, as shall be seen below, to have a central aperture therethrough to accept the central structure of the spider to be employed herein. It should be noted, however, that under these circumstances the central hub of the spider will be similarly apertured（開口）so that the same accepts the shaft of the motor in which the rotor being formed is to be mounted. Alternatively, the hub 4 could be configured（構成）to be mounted upon the motor shaft per se（自体）and under these circumstances would（この場合は；＊仮定法）cooperate with the spokes of the spider, as shall be seen below, to form an integral central hub portion thereof. Thus, the hub 4 would typically be configured of（構成）copper, aluminum or the like which may be suitably machined（加工）into appropriate form. However, as the principal function of the hub is to merely have a roll of magnetic material disposed thereon, other materials are readily available therefor including magnetic or non-magnetic materials, as well as various forms of plastic or graphite materials and the like（等）."
US6581495
"The front offset mass 170 is essentially configured of（構成、成る）a solid half circle 165 from the center section 150 to the front journal 180. The front offset mass 170 has additional mass 160 on the outside edge of the solid half circle 165 from the front journal 180 to a point 132 short of（至らない、手前）the center section 150. Further, the front offset mass 170 has a stiffening rib section 175 from the center section 150 to the front journal 180. The rib section 175 is typically situated on the flat face (shown clearer in the rear offset mass 120) of the front solid half circle 165, and is centered and parallel with respect to a center line (not shown) of the balance shaft 100."
US6623006
"The housing is enclosed by means of（により）a front panel 50 which is rotatable about a vertical axis defined as a line passing through an upper pivot pin 58 and a lower pivot pin 56, respectively projecting（突出、突起）above and below an outwardly extending upper and lower tab 57. Each of the pivot pins 56, 58 reside within（埋設）bores 61 located on outwardly projecting tabs 60, 62. Thus, the front panel 50 can rotate in an arc defined by the letter A shown in FIG. 1. The front panel includes an upper window 52 defined by an opening which exposes the video display 20 preferably configured of（構成、成る）an LCD."
US6886392
"The test apparatus 10 is configured of（構成）test materials, lubricants and spherical bearings in oscillating rotary motion. In order to impart oscillating rotary motion to the bearing illustrated as specimen 36, the specimen 36 is connected to shaft 48 such as by being keyed onto（鍵止め？）the shaft 48 or otherwise connected to the shaft 48. The shaft 48 may be a Schmidt coupling 50 or be a series of connected shafts to allow for misalignment, wear and/or compression of the test specimen 36."
US8818739
"While described above in the exemplary contest of microcontrollers, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate（当業者に明らか）that any suitable processor can be used. A typical processor is configured of（構成）logic circuitry and responds to and executes instructions. The term “module” is used herein to denote a functional operation that may be embodied（実現、実施）either as a stand-alone component or as an integrated configuration of a plurality of sub-ordinate components."
US6199652
"18. The wheel assembly of claim 16, wherein the gearbox housing comprises first and second gearbox halves and an annular seal disposed therebetween and configured from（構成）sealing lubricant within the gearbox housing radially inside the seal, wherein the gearbox halves are securable（固定可能）to each other by fasteners extending through each gearbox half only radially outside the annular seal.
US8342052
"FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the neutral lock lever 150 associated with the shifter apparatus 100, in accordance with preferred embodiment. The neutral lock lever 150 includes a retention pin 520, a shaft 550, a shaft seal 530, and a spring-loaded detent ball 540. The retention pin 520 may be configured from（構成）a material such as, for example, plastic depending upon design considerations. The shaft seal 530 may be configured from a material such as, for example, rubber, again depending upon design considerations. It can be appreciated that other types of materials may be utilized in place of the suggested material. The shaft 550 can be pivotally mounted to one end of the neutral lock lever 150 for moving the shaft 550 between a locked（係止）position and an unlocked position."
US8818932
(Abstract)
"A method for creating（作成、作る）a predictive model is disclosed herein, including the steps of determining trends and patterns in electronic data, using at least a first machine language algorithm, refining the determination of the algorithm, searching for social models that describe the identified trends and patterns using at least a second machine language algorithm, verifying causal links, constructing（構築）at least one model about human node behavior and interactions, utilizing the social models to do at least one of the following: validate hypotheses, predict future behavior, and examine hypothetical scenarios, automatically updating predictions when new data is introduced, using probabilistic techniques to learn hierarchical structure in unstructured text, continuously updating a set of themes, examining grammatical rules of each component of text, matching（一致、適合）grammatical constituents to semantic roles, and reorganizing data into clusters of entities with common attributes."
"A Bayesian network (BN), or directed graphical model, specifies a joint probability distribution（確率分布）over a collection of random variables（確率変数）as a graph encoding conditional independence relationship and a set of local distributions encoding probability information. Each node in the graph represents a random variable that is conditionally independent of its non-descendants given its parents. The local distributions at each node specify a set of probability distributions for the associated random variable, one for each combination of values for the node's parents. The local distributions implicitly encode a joint distribution over configurations of the random variables that satisfy the independence assumptions implied by the graph. In Bayesian learning, a prior distribution is defined over graph structures and local distributions, and the cases are used to infer a posterior distribution. The common approach is to assign a prior probability q(G) to each graph and independent Dirichlet distributions g(θ|G) for each of the local conditional distributions θ."
US8478629
"Referring back to FIG. 4, if a “performance measure” has violated a control limit, then the method proceeds to step 410. If a “risk event” has violated a control limit, then the method proceeds to step 420."
US9255988
"Referring again to FIG. 2, in block 35, a determination is made, by the processor, as to whether the cluster is stationary based on the classification identified in block 33. If the cluster is determined as stationary, the routine proceeds to block 36; otherwise, the routine proceeds to block 37."
US7981032
"In this case, the instruction is detected in step S205 and flow proceeds to step S206, in which the alarm is temporarily disabled for a specified period."
US7389347
"Referring now to FIG. 4, a flow diagram illustrates an active probing process, according to an embodiment of the present invention. More particularly, FIG. 4 describes（（図面が）説明する）an overall active probing process 400.
In step 402, the detection probes set and the localization probes set are selected. Next, in step 404, active diagnosis is started. Probes from detection probes set are run according to a schedule in order to detect problems (step 406). If a problem is detected (step 408), a problem localization process starts (410). Results of problem localization are reported and the process returns to step 406 to run scheduled detection probes set."
US7167587
"The program commences at step 202 and proceeds to step 204. In step 204, the process reads the stored training data for each class. The program then proceeds to step 206, where it waits for the input of an input pattern 18. Upon receipt of（受け取ると）an input pattern 18, the program proceeds to step 208, where a timer is set to govern the processing time used for the input pattern."
"The process then advances to step 220, where the computes a confidence value for its represented class best resembling the input pattern, reflecting the a posteriori probability that the selected class is the class associated with the input pattern."
US6336108
"The calculate mixed score process then determines if there are more variables in the selected set for processing (step 1010). If there are more variables to be processed, processing continues to step 1006."
US20100254423
"[0014] In a further embodiment, the semiconductor laser is designed to be a top emitting diode laser and the phototransistor is embedded in the layer sequence forming an n type reflector arranged opposite the main emitting side of the top emitting （頂面発光型）diode laser."
US20150170582(JP)
"Namely, the LED 17 is a top-surface-emitting type LED."
US20100148198
"One unique aspect of this type of top-emitting LED chip (also referred to herein as an Illumitex® LED chip) is that the side emission can be negligible. For example, there might be about 6%, 3%, 1%, or 0.1% or less side emission in some embodiments of a top-emitting LED chip."
透光性の訳としてtranslucentがよくネット辞書に出てきますが、translucentの意味には 1) transparent, 2) admitting and diffusing light...partly transparent（半透明）とがあるようで(Merriam-Webster Unabridged)、どうも安易に使っていいものか迷います。light transmitting, light transmissive等の方が良いのかという気もします。
US5933134
"Conventionally, users interface with（インターフェースする）the desktop and operating system of their computer system using a "mouse". A mouse is a special hardware input device connected by a wire（有線、電線）or infrared signal to the computer system. Typically, the mouse has one or more push buttons on its top（上部）and a roller on its bottom（底部）designed to roll along a surface next to the computer system. When the user moves the mouse's roller on the surface, a mouse pointer positioned on the computer system's display tracks（追従）the movement of the mouse's roller. When the user has positioned the pointer at a desirable location, such as over an object, the user clicks or multiple clicks（複数クリック）, depending on how the mouse is programmed, one of the mouse push buttons to invoke（起動、呼び出す）or open the object."
"FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart containing detailed logic for implementing the preferred embodiments. At（で）302, touchscreen 200 detects sound/heat/pressure, etc., from a handprint (or object), or alternatively, a portion of a handprint. At 306, the OS reads the handprint and calculates the measurements previously described and illustrated in FIG. 2. At 310, the OS searches user files in a database for the handprint measurements. At 312, if the OS locates（見つける、特定）any existing handprint measurements within a default tolerance of 10% (which can later be changed by the user, described herein), at 320, the OS reads all information in that user file and, at 322, draws（描く、描画）a virtual pointing device on the touchscreen under the user's hand (or portion of the hand) based on pre-defined characteristics found in the user file. Additionally, in the future, if any objects and/or text have been selected by the virtual pointing device, they will be drawn in a position relative to their previous location to the virtual pointing device (described herein). At 333, the OS requests（要求）a confirmation that the user match is correct. If the user continues to use the virtual pointing device, then the OS interprets this use as a confirmation. The OS displays a user id label next to the virtual pointing device or, alternatively, may display the virtual pointing device as a specific color shading. Otherwise, if the wrong user has been assumed, control returns to 310, where the OS searches the database for another possible match."
"If the entire hand has been lifted off the touchscreen, at 811, the OS continues to display the virtual pointing device on the touchscreen in its current location for a period of time (e.g., 5 seconds), but in an obvious hibernated state, meaning the fingerprint and palmprint areas will be viewed as translucent（半透明）areas on the touchscreen."
"Returning to 328, if all fingers were not detected as being raised while the palm remained in contact with the touchscreen, at 342, control（制御）is directed to FIG. 8."
US6633310
"Elements of a graphical user interface that are switchably（切換え、切替、切り替え）translucent（半透明）and opaque（不透明）are disclosed. In one embodiment, such an element is initially set to a default, first mode in which the element is translucent when the pointer is not positioned over the element. When the pointer has been moved such that it is positioned over the element, the element becomes opaque. Various heuristics are also disclosed that are applicable to the opaque-to-translucent and the translucent-to-opaque transformations. For example, when the pointer is moved over the element, there may be a delay prior to the element becoming opaque. As another example, when the pointer remains over the element for a predetermined amount of time, the element may revert back（戻る）to translucency from opacity."
US9182789
"Electronic devices may include transparent（透明）structures. The transparent structures may include structures formed from glass, plastic, ceramics, or other materials that transmit visible light. In some situations, the transparent structures may have a clear appearance. In other situations, the transparent structures may have a milky or cloudy appearance (i.e., the structures may be considered to be translucent（半透明）). These structures are collectively referred to herein as transparent structures."
US8231612
"FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for photoaltering a material in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an ophthalmic laser system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a relationship（示すグラフ）between pulse energy（＊無冠詞）, focal point spatial separation（＊無冠詞）, and an associated minimum sub-surface depth（＊不定冠詞）, for（に対して）a pulsed laser beam in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a raster scan pattern of a pulsed laser beam in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view（断面図）of a material（＊不定冠詞）illustrating focal point depths（＊複数）in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a surface layer formed in agarose gel（＊無冠詞）by a pulsed laser beam in accordance with one embodiment; and
FIG. 7 is sectional view of the agarose gel shown in FIG. 6 along line A-A."
US8587472
"Therefore, the prior technique limits the sensitivity of detection and leaves room for improvement where the entire waveform is translated to a useful output."
US6178468
"While "plug and play" functionality is an extremely useful and convenient feature, the current state of the art leaves room for improvement in several areas. A first problem is a functional timing problem. Device manufacturers release new devices all the time. Operating system releases tend to be relatively infrequent, however. Thus, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for device manufacturers to anticipate their new product development implementation programs in order to include installation files for those new products in significantly earlier operating system releases."
US9124719
"However, there is still room for improvement in the way a mobile communication device indicates the network to which it is currently connected."
US20080055409
"Prior surveillance camera systems leave something to be desired in accommodating such variations in data transmission and protocols associated with each transmission system."
US4909476
"This approach can stand improvement because if a mistake is made in piercing one orifice the entire disk may be ruined necessitating calibrating an entire new disk."
US9393789
"In recent years, the number of electric vehicles manufactured and sold to consumers has increased dramatically."
US9175977
"In recent years, GPS-based navigation systems have grown in popularity and are now widely available in a variety of forms, including different types of vehicle-installed units as well as hand-held portable units."
US8338286
"In recent years, the electronics industry has been transitioning to lead-free solders for environmental and safety reasons."
US20070047219
"[0003] Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the number and variety of display devices available to the public. Computers (whether desktop, laptop, or notebook), personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, and thin LCD TVs are but a few examples. Although some of these devices can use ordinary ambient light to view the display, most include a light panel referred to as a backlight to make the display visible.
[0004] Many such backlights fall into the categories of "edge-lit"（エッジライト型）or "direct-lit"（直下型）. These categories differ in the placement of the light sources relative to the output area of the backlight, where the output area defines the viewable area of the display device. In edge-lit backlights, a light source is disposed along an outer border of the backlight construction, outside the zone corresponding to the output area. The light source typically emits light into a light guide, which has length and width dimensions on the order of （程度の）the output area and from which light is extracted（取り出す）to illuminate the output area. In direct-lit backlights, an array of light sources is disposed directly behind the output area, and a diffuser is placed in front of the light sources to provide a more uniform light output. Some direct-lit backlights also incorporate（内蔵）an edge-mounted light, and are thus capable of both direct-lit and edge-lit operation."
"An interdigital transducer (IDT)（交差指型変換器、すだれ状電極）is a device that consists of two interlocking comb-shaped arrays of metallic electrodes (in the fashion of a zipper). These metallic electrodes are deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, such as quartz or lithium niobate, to form a periodic structure." (Inerdigital transducer, Wikipedia)
弾性表面波を利用したデバイス
US4491761
"Referring now to FIG. 1, a planar piezoelectric deflector 8, in accordance with the invention, comprises a single piezoelectric substrate 10 on which there is disposed a pattern of interdigital electrodes（櫛形、櫛型、くし型電極） including a first set of commonly connected electrodes 12 and a second set of commonly connected electrodes 13, the electrodes 12, 13 being interspersed alternately with one another."
"interdigital transducer"を「すだれ状電極」と言う場合もあるらしい。
US5855063
"The metal layer 22 will preferably comprise a flash coat of electrodeposited copper deposited from any of a variety of commercially available such copper plating baths (e.g., copper sulfate, copper fluoroborate, copper cyanide)."
US20100294333
"If a high-conductivity metal other than silver is used for the thick metallization layer, a final flash coat of silver may be used to create a high-reflectivity surface coating in order to improve light reflection and trapping into the 3-D cells (by the emitter metallization contact)."
