Ｇ翻訳：新聞記事

"Trump distanced himself from comments made by national security advisor John Bolton that North Korea cited when casting doubt on the summit" ("Trump offers Kim safety if nukes scrapped", The Japan Times, May 19, 2018, page 1)

「トランプは、北朝鮮がサミットに関する疑念を示した際に引用した、国家安全保障アドバイザーのジョン・ボルトンのコメントから距離を置いた」（上記英文私訳）

上のグーグル翻訳
"The trumps placed distance from John Bolton's national security adviser, quoted by North Korea when he showed doubts about the summit."

「米国大統領のドナルド・トランプ氏は、北朝鮮がサミットに関する疑念を示した際に引用した、国家安全保障アドバイザーのジョン・ボルトンのコメントから距離を置いた」

グーグル翻訳
"US President Donald Trump put away from the national security advisor John Bolton's comment quoted when North Korea expressed doubts about the summit."

背景情報が増えるほど精度は上がるし、無料でこれだから、有料ならもっと実用性は高いに違いない。

最大、最小になる

US2015114010
"4. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a plurality of inputs from the plurality of sensors of the device output power or the device input power via a feedback loop; and
iteratively adjust the drive signal generated and transmitted to the active cooling device based on the plurality of inputs, so as to iteratively adjust the amount of convection cooling provided by the active cooling device to the heat producing electrical device and so as to cause the heat producing electrical device to operate at the temperature at which the net system power output is maximized（最大になる）if the device is a power producing device or the total system power input is minimized（最小になる）if the device is a power consuming device."

WO2013085703
"1. A method for reallocating loading from a datacenter site to other datacenter sites in a cloud computing network using an objective function that defines a performance characteristic of the cloud computing network at each datacenter site and a derivative of the objective function, the method comprising: 
evaluating the derivative for each of a set of other datacenter sites; identifying based upon the evaluated derivatives a datacenter site in the set of eligible datacenter sites that results in the smallest impact（影響が最小になる）in the objective function when its load fraction is incremented; and 

reallocating loading among the datacenter site and the other datacenter sites based upon the evaluated derivatives and the identified other datacenter site." 

WO2011067699
"2. The multi-primary display of claim 1 wherein the sub-pixels are arranged such that the difference between the first combined maximum luminance and the second combined maximum luminance is minimized（最小になる）."

WO2006181999
"1. Holographic disk medium with a recording layer for recording holograms and a reflective layer for reflecting a servo beam and object and reference beams, the servo beam having a first wavelength and the object and reference beams having a second wavelength, wherein servo marks are located in the reflective layer at least partly below the holograms, and wherein the servo marks have an effective depth of half the wavelength of the object and reference beams such that their influence on the object and reference beams is minimized（最小になる）."

WO2005038666
"28. The system of claim 27, wherein the user-selected shuffling mechanism places the songs in the playlist in an order that maximizes a distance（距離が最大になる）of a measured acoustic property across the songs in the playlist."

グーグル翻訳は凄い

WO2010144864

"11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data to transmit comprises data of a plurality of data types, the method further comprising: allocating available transmit power to the data to transmit, one data type at a time, starting with a highest priority data type."

上記クレームの実際の日本語公報訳：
「前記送信するデータは、複数のデータ・タイプのデータを備え、前記方法は、 最も高い優先順位のデータ・タイプから順に、一度に１つのデータ・タイプの前記送信するデータに、利用可能な送信電力を割り当てることを更に備える、請求項１に記載の方法。」

上記日本語公報訳のグーグル翻訳：
Wherein the data to be transmitted comprises data of a plurality of data types,   2. The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning available transmit power to said transmitting data of one data type at a time, in order from the highest priority data type.

Ｇ翻訳では推論でクレーム番号２としているようだが、それ以外は僅かな手直しをすれば元の英語原文にかなり近づく。Ｇさんは当然公開特許文献データも網羅しているのだろうから、当たり前か。

「空調制御部が報知信号を受信すると、空調制御部は電流値の高い空調装置から順に運転を開始する」（架空の文章）
Ｇ翻訳：
When the air conditioning control unit receives the notification signal, the air conditioning control unit starts operation in order from the air conditioner with the higher current value.

「本実施例において、温度センサは冷却対象である発熱体の温度を測定する」（架空の文章）
Ｇ翻訳：
In this embodiment, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the heating element which is the object to be cooled.

相当な精度。

現在の私のような、キーパンチャー的労力の多い、単価ベースの技術翻訳ビジネスモデルはもう来年あたりに激変しているかも。一旦Ｇ翻訳された仮英語下訳原稿が送られてきて、それを手直し、単価は現在の半分・・・なんてことになったりして。要する時間が半分なら倍の量こなせば問題ないはずですが、淘汰される可能性も高まりそう。まあ、そうなったらそうなったで・・・あ～あ、知～らねっと！

 

可能性がある

WO2011019534
(Ab)
"A method is provided, according to which data are collected on downstream packet losses at a single point in a network. From from the collected data, packet loss rates are estimated on at least two subnetworks downstream of the collection point. The respective subnetworks may differ（異なっている可能性がある）by one or more links."

WO2012045038
(Ab)
"A method, apparatus, system, and computer program product for secure server system management. A payload containing system software and/or firmware updates is distributed in an on-demand, secure I/O operation. The I/O operation is performed via a secured communication channel inaccessible by the server operating system to an emulated USB drive. The secure communication channel can be established for the I/O operation only after authenticating the recipient of the payload, and the payload can be protected from access by a potentially-infected（感染している可能性がある）server operating system. Furthermore, the payload can be delivered on demand rather than relying on a BIOS update schedule, and the payload can be delivered at speeds of a write operation to a USB drive."

WO2014124175
"In the era of Big Data, the collection and mining of user data has become a fast growing and common practice by a large number of private and public institutions. For example, technology companies exploit user data to offer personalized services to their customers, government agencies rely on data to address a variety of challenges, e.g., national security, national health, budget and fund allocation, or medical institutions analyze data to discover the origins and potential cures（可能性がある治療法）to diseases."

WO2015200392
"[0001] Automated aerial vehicles are continuing to increase in use. For example, automated aerial vehicles are often used for surveillance. While there are many beneficial uses of automated aerial vehicles, they also have many drawbacks. For example, automated aerial vehicles may（可能性がある）sustain or cause damage if they collide with the ground or other surfaces. In order to avoid such collisions, various types of sensors may be utilized. However certain types of sensors may fail or otherwise become inoperable or inaccurate due to various factors. For example, some sensors may be inhibited by various atmospheric or weather conditions, such as rain, snow, fog, etc."

WO2012015838
"[0003] Approaches are being developed that use over the air power transmission between a transmitter and the device to be charged. These generally fall into two categories. One is based on the coupling of plane wave radiation (also called far-field radiation) between a transmit antenna and receive antenna on the device to be charged which collects the radiated power and rectifies it for charging the battery. Antennas are generally of resonant length in order to improve the coupling efficiency. This approach suffers from the fact that the power coupling falls off quickly with distance between the antennas. So charging over reasonable distances (e.g., >l-2m) becomes difficult. Additionally, since the system radiates plane waves, unintentional radiation can（可能性がある）interfere with other systems if not properly controlled through filtering."

WO2015179256
"[0011] One challenge that faces（直面する１つの課題）developers of mobile computing devices is efficient power management and battery life. For instance, a host computing device and supported accessories may have limited availability（利用可用性が限定されている可能性がある）of power from internal power supplies. In some scenarios, a device may obtain supplemental power from other devices and/or an external power source (e.g., an external battery). However, traditional power management schemes may set fixed constraints upon the manner in which devices exchange power. As such, changes that may occur in operating conditions may not be properly accounted for（適切に処置されない可能性があり）, and this may result in inefficient power utilization."

の回転速度

WO2015191935
"3. The vehicle of any of claims 1 or 2, further comprising one or more speed controllers, electrically disposed between the on-board electric power source and the first, the second, the third and the fourth hover engines, configured to control the electric current received by the motors to control a rotation rate of（の回転速度；＊不定冠詞）the motors."

WO2015160428
"6. The method of claim 1 , comprises a VSD for controlling a rotational speed of（の回転速度；＊不定冠詞）a compressor motor."

WO2010077692
"12. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first cutting member and the second cutting member are micro-cutting blades, wherein the cutting apparatus includes a first spindle for holding the first cutting member and a second spindle for holding the second cutting member, the first spindle being driven by a first spindle motor, the second spindle being driven by a second spindle motor, the first spindle motor and the second spindle motor controlling a rotational speed of（の回転速度；＊不定冠詞）the micro-cutting blades."

WO2015009864
"1. A sputtering system comprising: 
at least one dual magnetron pair comprising a first magnetron and a second magnetron, each magnetron of the dual magnetron pair configured to support target material; 
a dual magnetron sputtering (DMS) component comprising a DC power source in connection with a plurality of switching components and a plurality of voltage sensors, the DMS component configured to independently control an application of power to each of the magnetrons, and to provide measurements of voltages at each of the magnetrons; and 
one or more actuators configured to control the voltages at each of the magnetrons using the measurements provided by the DMS component; 
wherein the DMS component and the one or more actuators are configured to balance the consumption of the target material by controlling the power and the voltage applied to each of the magnetrons, in response to the measurements of voltages at each of the magnetrons. 
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more actuators include one or more of: 
gas flow control means to control the flow of reactive gas to one magnetron relative to the other magnetron; and 
rotation components to control the rotation speed of（の回転速度；＊初出定冠詞）each magnetron." 

順に

US2012207671
"[0025] FIG. 6 depicts the mean cancer tumor size (mg) over time (days post tumor implant up to 160（腫瘍移植後１６０日までの日数）) in a PC-3 human prostate tumor xenograft model in nude mice in a study according to Example 3. Mice were treated with a VEGF-C antibody (VGX-100) as a single agent therapy or in a combination therapy with a VEGF-A antibody (bevacizumab, Avastin) and/or a chemotherapeutic agent (docetaxel). VGX-100 (40 mg/kg) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal injection twice weekly. Docetaxel (10 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous injection on days 7, 14 and 21. At 160 days post implant（腫瘍移植後１６０日目）, the lowermost line is the triple therapy of VGX-100+bevacizumab+deocetaxel, and in increasing order（下から順に）VGX-100+docetaxel, bevacizumab+docetaxol, docetaxel. The remaining treatments are indistinguishable at 160 days. At 60 days, however, the negative isotype control is uppermost, and in decreasing order VGX-100, bevacizumab and VGX-100+bevacizumab." 

WO2009012223
"[00158] Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and metallic taste-in decreasing order（多いものから順に）) are the most common adverse events, occurring in 20% to 30% of patients. These side effects usualiy are mild and transient and can be minimized by slow titration."

の、用の

WO2012064528
(Ab)
"Control systems and methods for a medical instrument（医療器具のための；＊単数；無冠詞複数でもＯＫ？）use measurements to determine and control the tensions（＊定冠詞）that actuators apply through instrument transmission systems. The use of tension（＊無冠詞単数；特定の具体的張力ではなく、張力という手段、技術、概念）and feedback allows control of a medical instrument（＊不定冠詞；＊having以下で修飾される初出の医療器具）having transmission systems that provide non-negligible compliance between joints and actuators even when the positions of joints cannot be directly related to actuator positions. One embodiment determines joint torques and tensions from differences between desired and measured joint positions. Another embodiment determines joint torques and tensions from differences between desired and measured positions of a tip（先端）of the instrument. Determination of tensions from joint torques can be performed using sequential evaluation of joints in an order from a distal end（遠位端部）of the instrument toward a proximal end（近位端部）of the instrument."

US2017191375
(Ab)
"A control system for a gas turbine（ガスタービン用の；＊単数）includes a controller. The controller includes a processor configured to access an operational parameter associated with the gas turbine（定冠詞；＊上述の）. The processor is configured to receive a plurality of signals from sensors disposed in a turbine system, wherein the turbine system comprises a compressor system. The processor is further configured to derive a compressor efficiency and a turbine heat rate based on the plurality of signals. The processor is additionally configured to determine if an online water wash, an offline water wash, or a combination thereof, should be executed. If the processor determines that the online water wash, the offline water wash, or the combination thereof, should be executed, then the processor is configured to execute the online water wash, the offline water wash, or the combination thereof."

副室式

US2016230647(JP)
"1. A piston for a prechamber-type gas engine（副室式ガスエンジン）utilizing a torch jet formed by combusting a prechamber fuel in a precombustion chamber to be injected into a main combustion chamber through a plurality of injection holes, comprising:

a piston top surface portion to define the main combustion chamber together with a cylinder head and a cylinder liner"

US2014147978(JP)
"1. A fuel supply controlling device for use in a divided-chamber gas engine（副室式ガスエンジン）, comprising:

an auxiliary chamber fuel supply valve configured to supply a gaseous fuel to an auxiliary chamber（副室）;
a non-return valve interposed between the auxiliary chamber fuel supply valve and the auxiliary chamber, the non-return valve being configured to block a reverse flow from the auxiliary chamber;
a valve state detector configured to detect an operating state of the non-return valve;
a rotation angle detector configured to detect at least one of a rotation angle of a crank shaft or a rotation angle of a cam shaft; and
a controller configured to determine an operation command value of the auxiliary chamber fuel supply valve, wherein
the controller measures an actual operating state of the non-return valve based on signals from the valve state detector and the rotation angle detector, the actual operating state being associated with the detected rotation angle, and corrects the operation command value of the auxiliary chamber fuel supply valve such that the actual operating state is brought close to a target operating state."

US2016312685(JP)
"1. A gas engine comprising:
a cylinder head in which multiple intake and exhaust ports open toward a main combustion chamber are formed at an interval in a circumferential direction with respect to a central axis;
a prechamber cap（副室口金）that projects into the main combustion chamber by being inserted into an insertion hole formed in the cylinder head, that internally has a prechamber（副室）, and that supplies a flame generated in the prechamber to the main combustion chamber; and

a prechamber holder that is disposed inside the cylinder head so as to hold the prechamber cap, wherein
one of the prechamber cap and the prechamber holder includes a concave portion which accommodates an end portion of the other of the prechamber cap and the prechamber holder so as to be relatively movable in a central axis direction and a radial direction when the prechamber cap is inserted into the insertion hole."

に設ける

US2009114582
"1. An enclosure（筐体）for containing（収容）a portable hemodialysis unit, which includes suitable components for performing hemodialysis including a dialyzer, one or more pumps to circulate blood through the dialyzer, a source of dialysate, and one or more pumps to circulate the dialysate through the dialyzer, the enclosure comprising: 
a housing（ハウジング）supporting the components, the housing having a front panel at which blood circuit connections and dialysate fluidic connections are located（配置される）; and
a pair of vertical, side-by-side（並列）doors hingedly mounted to（ヒンジ式に取り付けられ）the housing at opposite sides of the front panel, the doors being movable between open and closed positions, the open position allowing access to the blood circuit connections and dialysate fluidic connections, the closed position being suitable to block access to the blood circuit and dialysate fluidic connections and to retain suitable heat in the housing for disinfection during a disinfection cycle.

2. The enclosure of claim 1, wherein each of the vertical, side-by-side doors is mounted to（取り付けられ）the housing via a hinge plate that is pivotally mounted to（枢動可能に設けられ）the door at a first end, and is pivotally mounted to the housing at a second end opposite（対向する）the first end."

WO2014205121
"7. The ballast system of claim 6, further comprising a kinematic coupling plate including（設けられ）a first receiving portion and a second receiving portion, at least one of said first receiving portion and said second receiving portion being shaped and dimensioned to receive said ballast, said kinematic coupling plate including a bulkhead structure that defines an aperture that engages said protrusion."

US9142916
"1. A connector assembly comprising:
a housing having a connector mating face（嵌合面）and a cover mating face, the housing having a first sidewall, an opposed second side wall, and a center wall provided between the first sidewall and the second sidewall;

a cover removably attached to（取り外し可能に取り付けられた）the housing, the cover having a wire receiving cavity with an opening at the end of the cavity,

a first receptacle carrier receiving cavity extending from respective openings on either side of the housing, the first cavity extending between the first sidewall and the center wall, a second receptacle carrier receiving cavity extending from the respective openings, the second cavity extending between the second sidewall and the center wall, wherein one or more receptacle carriers having terminal receiving cavities extending therethrough can be inserted into the first receptacle carrier receiving cavity through the respective openings on either side of the housing and one or more receptacle carriers having terminal receiving cavities extending therethrough can be inserted into the second receptacle carrier receiving cavity through the respective openings on either side of the housing;
wherein the cover can be positioned on the housing in different orientations."

"7. The connector assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein the lever mounting member has posts which protrude from the lever mounting member, the posts cooperate with openings provided in（に設けられた）hubs of lever arms of the lever, wherein the lever may be rotated about the posts to allow the lever to be rotated between the unmated position and the mated position."

WO2014151818
"14. An underfluid pelletizer for extruding and cutting a process melt（処理溶融物）into pellets using a pelletizer comprising;

a pelletizer shaft rotationally driven by a motor, said shaft having a plurality of grooves formed in an outer surface thereof;
a die plate with a plurality of extrusion orifices formed therein through which the process melt is carried from said die plate to a cutting face on a downstream side（下流側）of said die plate; a rotary cutter blade assembly in opposed relation to（対向し）said catting face, said cutter blade assembly having a cutter hub and at least one cutter blade mounted on（に設けられ）said cutter hub and capable of moving in a plane generally parallel to and closely adjacent said cutting face to cut strands of process melt extruded through said orifices into pellets, said rotary cutter hub assembly being driven by rotational movement of said. pe.llet.izer shaft, said cutter hub being coupled to a cutter hub holder having a plurality of grooves in an inner surface thereof, said cutter hub holder grooves being in alignment with said pelietizer shaft grooves to form longitudinally extending drive pin channels;
a plurality of drive pins captured within said drive pin channels, said drive pins transferring torque from rotation of said pelietizer shaft to said cutter hub holder and cutter blade assembly; and
a cutting chamber enclosing<'>said cutting face and cutter blade assembly, said cutting chamber including a fluid inlet for introducing cooling fluid into the cutting chamber and an outlet for discharge of fluid and pellets entrained（混入）in the fluid."

往復動可能

US2014298989
"1. A pump element of a hydraulic unit for a vehicle brake system, configured to deliver brake fluid via a piston mounted so as to reciprocate（往復動可能に）in a cylinder,
wherein the piston has a first and a second active surface（＊複数の同一名称の部材；第一、第二の；複数なのに単数の謎）, of which the first active surface is configured to cause brake fluid to be discharged from the cylinder during forward movement of the piston and the second active surface is configured to cause brake fluid to be discharged from the cylinder during backward movement of the piston."

US9644505（RCV;イギリスのラジコン模型エンジン；回転するスリーブ（ロータリバルブ）内をピストンが往復動し、吸排気をスリーブ側面の開口を介して行う「ロータリバルブ」構造）
"1. A rotary valve internal combustion engine having a piston connected to a crankshaft and reciprocatable（往復動可能）in a cylinder, a combustion chamber being defined in part by the piston, and a rotary valve rotatable in a valve housing fixed relative to the cylinder, the rotary valve having a valve body containing a volume defining, in part, the combustion chamber and further having in a wall part thereof（壁部に有し；＊所有される部材の特定前におけるその場所の特定；includingでも使えるか？）a port giving, during rotation of the valve, fluid communication successively to and from the combustion chamber via inlet and exhaust ports in the valve housing"




US2005081805
"2. An internal combustion engine comprising: 
a plurality of combustion cylinders having opposed ends, at least one inlet port, at least one exhaust port, first and second intermediate ports, and a jumper interconnecting said inlet and intermediate ports; and 
a pair of opposed pistons reciprocally positioned（往復動可能に搭載）within each of said combustion cylinders, said pair of opposed pistons comprising an exhaust piston and an intake piston, each piston having facing combustion surfaces, a body and a rear side, said pistons being adapted to reciprocate between top dead center and bottom dead center, said pistons defining a combustion chamber between said combustion surfaces"

US8113595
"5. The electrically boosted vehicle brake system of claim 1, wherein the master cylinder housing further includes a second bore having a second piston reciprocably（往復動可能）disposed therein and defining in conjunction therewith second and third variable volume chambers, one on either side of the second piston, the second piston responsive to operator brake pedal force to decrease the volume of the second chamber and apply fluid pressure to other wheel brake actuators different from said certain ones of the wheel brake actuators."

US2017122300(JP)
"1. A variable displacement swash plate compressor comprising:
a cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder bores are formed;
a front housing assembled to a front side of the cylinder block to define a crank chamber;
a rear housing attached to a rear side of the cylinder block, in which a suction chamber and a discharge chamber are formed;
pistons arranged in respective cylinder bores of the cylinder block so as to reciprocate（往復動可能に）;
a shaft supported by the front housing and the cylinder block so as to rotate freely;
a swash plate rotating integrally with the shaft and attached to the shaft so that a tilt angle is variable; and
shoes interposed between a peripheral edge portion of the swash plate and the pistons so as to slide, converting a rotating motion of the swash plate into a reciprocating motion of the pistons"

US2012079936
"1. A piston and cylinder assembly of a positive displacement machine, the assembly comprising a piston reciprocably（＊摺動可能に）disposed within a cylinder having an axis, a cylindrical bearing surface and a uniform diameter, the piston comprising: 
a bearing surface having an axial length and defining a diametrical clearance with the cylindrical bearing surface of the cylinder of up to about two percent of the diameter of the cylinder, the diametrical clearance defining a lubrication gap and a hydrodynamic seal between the piston and the cylinder; and
alternating crests and valleys defined in a nominally cylindrical shape of the bearing surface of the piston, the crests and valleys being oriented and spaced on the bearing surface to define a wavy surface form along the entire axial length of the bearing surface, the wavy surface form defining a crest-to-crest frequency and a crest-to-valley amplitude, the crests and valleys creating hydrodynamic buildup of pressure within the valleys and between the crests that decreases power losses in the positive displacement machine."

グーグル翻訳：
「シリンダ内を往復動可能に配置されたピストン」→　A piston reciprocably arranged in a cylinder.

動力

WO2015200230
(Ab)
"Systems and methods are shown for electrically controllably transmitting power（動力）from a motor involving electrically controllably coupling the first input hub to a shuttle so that power is transmitted from the first input hub to the shuttle, providing for one-way rotation between the shuttle and a stationary chassis, and coupling the shuttle to an output hub with a spring such that energy is stored and released from the spring as the output hub rotates. Examples are shown that include controlling engaged and disengaged time intervals of the first input hub and shuttle to maintain a torque level at the output hub, such as by utilizing（用いる）pulse width modulation or pulse frequency modulation. Examples are also shown involving electroadhesively（電気吸着で）coupling the first input hub to the shuttle."

CA2724611
"1. A power extraction（動力抽出）system (200) comprising: a forward fan stage (52) configured to pressurize an airflow (1); an aft（後部）fan stage (60) located axially aft from（軸方向後方）the forward fan stage (52), the aft fan stage (60) having a tip-fan (70) configured to pressurize a first portion (3) of a pressurized air flow (2) from the forward fan stage (52) wherein the aft fan stage (60) is driven by a second portion (4) of the pressurized airflow (2); and a power drive system (210) adapted to supply power from the aft fan stage (60)."

膨張機

US2013104563
"1. An integrated system, comprising: 
a gas turbine system having a first combustion chamber configured to stoichiometrically combust（化学量論的に燃焼）a first compressed oxidant and a first fuel in the presence of（存在下）a compressed recycle stream, wherein the combustion chamber directs（差し向ける）a first discharge stream to an expander（膨張機）to generate a gaseous exhaust stream and at least partially drive a main compressor;

an exhaust gas recirculation system, wherein the main compressor compresses the gaseous exhaust stream and thereby generates the compressed recycle stream, the compressed recycle stream acting as a diluent configured to moderate（加減する；＊緩和）the temperature of the first discharge stream;

a CO2 separator fluidly coupled to（流体結合）the compressed recycle stream via a purge stream; and

a gas expander fluidly coupled to the CO2 separator via a residual stream consisting primarily of（主として成る）nitrogen-rich gas derived from the CO2 separator."

US2012000243
"1. A process for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis gas feed stream in a cryogenic separation plant that comprises either a single cryogenic separation stage or at least two cryogenic separation stages arranged（配置）in series, with the stages in the series being designated stage 1 through stage N, the letter N representing the number of stages in the series, the single stage or each stage of the series comprising the steps of (a) condensing carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas by cooling the synthesis gas by non-contact heat exchange with an external refrigerant to produce liquefied carbon dioxide, and (b) separating the liquefied carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas, with the single separation stage discharging a liquefied carbon dioxide product stream and a hydrogen enriched synthesis gas stream or, with each of the stages in the series cooling the synthesis gas to a successively lower temperature as the synthesis gas progresses from stage 1 to stage N, thereby separately removing a liquefied carbon dioxide product stream from each of the stages, with stage N discharging a hydrogen enriched synthesis gas vapour stream, characterized in that（において）: 
(i) the synthesis gas feed stream comprises 40 to 65 mole %（モル％）hydrogen and is fed to the single stage or the first stage of the series at a pressure in the range of（の範囲；＊定冠詞）46 to 76 bar absolute;

(ii) the single stage or stage N of the series is operated at a temperature in the range of −53 to −48° C. and a pressure in the range of 44 to 74 bar absolute such that the single stage or the combined stages of the series remove 70 to 80% of the total moles of carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas feed stream; and
(iii) the liquefied CO2 product stream(s) discharged from the stage(s) of the cryogenic separation plant is sequestrated and/or used in a chemical process."

"11. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogen enriched synthesis gas vapour stream that exits the separator of the single cryogenic separation stage or that（＊関係代名詞の繰り返し）exits stage N of the series of cryogenic separation stages is passed through a channel of the multichannel heat exchanger in heat exchanger relationship with the synthesis gas feed stream and is then cooled by expansion to lower pressure in a first turboexpander（ターボ膨張機）before being fed to a further channel in the multichannel heat exchanger and the hydrogen enriched vapour stream is optionally cooled by expansion to a lower pressure in a second turboexpander before being fed to a further channel of the multichannel heat exchanger thereby pre-cooling the synthesis gas feed stream to a temperature in the range of −15 to −35° C."

相槌

US2015209664
"[0142] As another example, the magic mirror device 1500 could communicate with an eBook reader controlled by the user to determine which book the user is currently reading and which page of a particular book the eBook reader is currently displaying. The magic mirror device 1500 could then chime in（相槌を打つ）at exactly the right time (e.g., momentarily after（一瞬後）the user has turned the page) by displaying a head of a fictional character and outputting an audio stream with commentary to enhance the story being told on the legacy media platform (i.e., the book the user is reading)."

US2008256063
"[0044] Taking the text at the start of the conversation as an example, the customer says "Can I make a reservation? (can make a reservation?)" in the text 30-1 while the customer says "I am looking for a rental car (i am looking for car)." in the text 35-1. As can be seen, the contents are different. In addition, the customer inquires the grade and price of the car in the text 30-1 while such inquiries are few and the main subjects are the driving record and the like in the text 35-1. On the other hand, both of the texts 30-1 and 35-1 include various contents, such as an exclamation（相槌）"Ahh" and a phone number, which are hard to say that they determine the occurrence of the event." 

WO9855980
"Deciding when to intervene, if the user has not asked for help, is another difficult matter. Speech systems that use an open microphone, by necessity, interpret a period of silence at the end of an utterance as the end of a conversational turn. In the oral reading tutoring task, pauses of several seconds in the middle of an attempt at reading a sentence are not uncommon. Therefore, the standard assumptions about turn-taking behavior in spoken language systems do not apply to this task. In addition, there are times when it may be appropriate for the tutor 10 to intervene twice in a row; for example, when the student struggles with a word or is unsure of what to do next. The appropriate length of time to wait during a silence before intervening may depend on several factors, including the student, the difficulty of the text, and the last action taken by the student and the tutor 10. 

Various mechanisms have been proposed to allow a tutor to take turns. Proposed solutions include dynamic constraint satisfaction, dialogue scripts, and linearly combined feature vectors. One proposed solution was to use prosodic rules to trigger backchanneling（相槌）in a computerized "eavesdropper（立ち聞き部）" that listened to conversations and interjected（挿入）"mm" when its rule fired（発火）."

"The tutor 10 uses seven turn-taking rules:
o Interrupt the user if the user's turn is very
long;
o Self-interrupt (stop speaking) if the user has 
overlapped;
o Backchannel（相槌を打つ）if the user pauses;"

"The forgoing rules do not fire immediately upon entering the appropriate turn-taking state. Instead, each rule has a delay associated with it that indicates how long the turn-taking state must remain in the appropriate state before the rule will fire. That delay is compared with the appropriate event timer(s). For example, the rule for backchanneling compares the backchanneling delay against the dead air timer and the user action timer. Because results from the education literature indicate that delays of more than three seconds between teacher questions and teacher-supplied answers lead to increased student learning, we set most of the timing parameters to be greater than three seconds. The exception was backchanneling because the tutor's backchanneling was not intended to be perceived by the student as taking a turn. The delay for backchanneling was originally set to 1.5 seconds, but we increased it to 2 seconds because it seemed too fast for this task. At 1.5 seconds, despite being longer than normal conversational pauses, the tutor 10 seemed to interrupt students who were struggling with difficult words. Increasing the delay to 2 seconds made the tutor 10 seem more patient." 

Backchannel, Wikipedia
"In linguistics, backchannels are listener responses in a primarily one-way communication. These can be both verbal and non-verbal in nature, and are frequently phatic expressions, primarily serving a social or meta-conversational purpose, rather than involving substantial two-way communication."

"In English, sounds like "uh-huh" and "hmm" serve this role."

構成される

US2017033876(JP)
"[0040] In the example shown in FIG. 1, although it is assumed that the reception antennas 2-1 to 2-M, the receiving units 3-1 to 3-M, the Fourier transform units 4-1 to 4-M, the reference signal normalizing units 5-1 to 5-M, the reference frequency normalizing units 6-1 to 6-M, the wide band beam forming unit 7, the direction of arrival estimating unit 8 and the amplitude and phase error estimating unit 9, which are the components of the calibration device, consist of pieces of hardware for exclusive use (for example, it can be assumed that the components other than the reception antennas 2-1 to 2-M and the receiving units 3-1 to 3-M consist of semiconductor integrated circuits each equipped with a CPU, or one chip microcomputers), a part of the calibration device can consist of（で構成され）a computer." 

US2017047738(JP)
"[0033] The storage battery 12 is constituted by using（から構成）a lithium-ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or the like. The storage battery 12 may supply power by discharging charged electric power. Also, the storage battery 12 may charge power supplied from the grid, the solar cell 11, and, as described later, the fuel cell 33." 

US2017138241(JP)
"[0055] The above-described engine 1 is controlled by the controller 80. The controller 80 is comprised of（で構成）a microcomputer, which has a central processing unit (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM) and an input-output interface (I/O interface)." 

"[0144] Here, the reason to have the support member 101 will be described. The exhaust heat collecting part 71 is formed of（で構成）a material having a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient (for example, ceramic), and the cooling part 72 is formed of a material having a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient (for example, a metal)." 

US2017019758(JP)
"[0003] Moreover, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-109506, a wireless communication system (trunking wireless apparatus system) constituted by（から構成）a server, a repeater, a wireless communication apparatus and the like is also proposed."

"[0047] In FIG. 1, the management device 12 is connected to the wired network 15. The management device 12 is constituted by（で構成）a personal computer in which a management program is installed or the like, for example. The management device 12 accesses the server 11 in accordance with an operation of an administrator and sets tables and the like as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7C in the server 11."

US2016314254(JP)
"[0004] For example, in Patent Document 1, an intelligence module 105 configured by（で構成）a computer, for example, receives patient test results from a data acquisition module such as a test system 150 through a direct connection or over a network 140."

"[0159] Next, the CPU 41 determines whether all records of the database 47a are read or not (Step S12). It should be noted that whether all records are read or not is determined in the case where the database 47a is constituted by（から構成）records related to one disease and one test method."

一問一答

US2013218339
"The use of the LEDs 750a of the robot's face, optionally（随意的）of the LED flash to punctuate（強調）the exchanges of questions and answers（一問一答）: the LEDs are in the fixed position 751a to indicate that the robot is detecting speech and analyzing it; 
The use of an audible “beep” emitted by the robot to indicate the moment at which it is ready to recognize; indeed, because of the limitations in processing capacity and in power supply, and also to avoid noisiness in recognition, the latter is not active at the same time as voice synthesis; it is therefore not necessary for the questions posed by the robot to the interlocutor to be answered too early by the latter; the “beep” gives the pip to begin answering"