光取出し効率、光取り出し効率、光取出効率

US8766296（中村修二氏の発明）
"1. A (B, Al, Ga, In)N light emitting diode (LED), comprised of: at least an n-type layer, an emitting layer, and a p-type layer; wherein light from the emitting layer is extracted（取り出す）through a nitrogen face (N-face) surface of the LED and the N-face surface of the LED is comprised of structures that increase extraction efficiency of the light（光取出し効率）out of the N-face surface of the LED; wherein the structures comprise a plurality of etched cones; and wherein the etched cones have a size not smaller than a wavelength of the light extracted from the N-face surface."

US8659221
(Abstract)
"A light extraction（抽出）film having multi-periodic zones of engineered（人工）nanostructures. The light extraction film includes a flexible substrate, a layer of low index engineered nanostructures applied to the substrate, and a high index backfill layer applied over the nanostructures. The multi-periodic zones include a repeating zone of the nanostructures having multi-periodic characteristics. The repeating zone includes first and second sets of nanostructures having different periodic pitches（周期ピッチ）. The multi-periodic zones can be used to enhance（高める）the light output and tune the angular luminosity of organic light emitting diode devices."

"In OLED devices, over 70% of the generated light is typically lost due to processes within the device structure. The trapping of light at the interfaces between the higher index organic and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers and the lower index substrate layers is the major cause of this poor extraction efficiency（抽出効率）. Only a relatively small amount of the emitted light emerges（現れる）through the transparent electrode as "useful" light. The majority of the light undergoes internal reflections（内部反射される）, resulting in light being emitted from the edge of the device or trapped within the device and eventually being lost to absorption within the device after making repeated passes.

Light extraction films use internal nanostructures to avoid waveguiding losses within the device. While providing strong light extraction（光の取出し）, internal nanostructures, comprising regular features such as photonic crystals or linear gratings, tend to produce diffraction-related variations in the angular and spectral distributions of the emitted light, which may not be desirable in final applications. Thus, a need exists for（必要性が存在）a light extraction film that simultaneously enhances the efficiency of light extraction（光取出し効率）via the nanostructures, while also reducing undesirable luminance and color angular non-uniformity in the light output."

US8188486
(Abstract)
"An optical disk for use in converting light emitted from a light-emitting diode chip to white light.（名詞句）The optical disk includes a tapered surface such that a center area of the disk has a width greater than a width of an outer area of the disk. The optical disk is formed of a silicone having at least one weight percent mix of phosphor. Various embodiments of this generally described optical disk are also presented."

"Such a lighting module combines the thermal advantages of chip-on-board (COB) LED construction with the enhanced light extraction（光取出し効率）of packaged discrete LED construction to form a 2D LED array lighting module."

US7677733
(Abstract)
"A method of designing a backlight light guide for an autostereoscopic（自動立体）3D display includes specifying a backlight having a light guide thickness and extractor angle and a light transmission surface having a predetermined width value and a predetermined length value. Then, the method includes selecting a plurality of design parameter value pairs, where each parameter value pairs includes a light guide thickness value and a prism angle value, and each design parameter value pair is different from each other. Then the method includes executing an ray tracing optical model on the light guide for each parameter value pair to calculate output data for each parameter value pair, the output data including a single pass light extraction efficiency（光取出し効率）value, an average minimum light angle value emitted from the second surface, and a maximum flux/minimum flux value emitted from the second surface; and selecting a parameter value pair based on the output data to manufacture the light guide for an autostereoscopic 3D display."