2015-02-04 07:14:04 wpb.shueisha.co.jp
The flu on the rampage! "For a mouthwash, adverse effect" "for a medicinal ingredient of a soap, without the meaning" with prevention knowledge full of mistakes?
[January 19, 2015]
http://wpb.shueisha.co.jp/2015/01/19/42140/
The flu I say when I'm entering the fashion from the beginning in December for 3 weeks early more than an ordinary year this season. The number of check-up persons of 1 week exercised an overwhelming influence as much as about 4 times of the simultaneous period last year with about 1,390,000 people.
There would be a lot of people who are handing wash and are preventing a gargle variously only in that, too, but is that a right act really really? I asked the doctor who has an experience and Ms. Muranaka riko engaged in an international flu measure by an infection measure team of WHO.
◉ ◉ The biggest source of infection is the hand.
To the extent a person is surprised while not noticing, it's frequent (frequent), a face is being fingered by hand. The person who fingers a PC in particular has a high frequency which fingers a face, and there are 600 times and the report that I touch from 200 times based on one day for 3 times from once per 5 minutes.
It's thought that the virus which is generally floating in the air soaks into the biggest route of transmission, but there is a specialist to whom spray of a cough and a sneeze (A day, I wait.) says in the air when time when I'm floating is very short, and the one of the frequency of the infection through a hand (by elegance and the humidity) is expensive, too.
It's said that it takes recruit's 90% for some respiratory organ infections in the first several months in the United States, but when irradiation of ultraviolet rays (the same effect as to hit the direct sunlight) and disinfectant spraying try various ways as a prevention measure, it's said that that it was most effective was the restroom.
I say that the number of the recruit who sees a doctor by the respiratory organ disease was cut by the directions to which I say "I handed wash at least 5 times a day."
● A "medicinal" ingredient of a medicinal soap, without the meaning
Scour a basis in the restroom similarly with a gargle. It's important even to chafe between ahead of the nail, the finger and the finger for about 15 seconds and lose a virus tightly.
When I hear "medicinal use", the sterilization effect is expected, Mr. main ingredient chicken black of a so-called medicinal soap, in bacteria, it's effective, a virus can't be killed. Neither the flu nor 90 percent of the cause microorganism of a cold are bacteria, and it's a virus.
A virus keeps living long by soap for a solid body, and it'll be a source of infection conversely. The one of a hand soap will be safer than a soap in spite of the pear which is medicinal use.
● Water is enough for a gargle!
An important thing kills a virus by a gargle, but scour. The preventive effect by the mouthwash (iodine liquid) and the ordinary water is 40% and a mouthwash for water according to double mou comparative tests by Kyoto University put into effect targeted for 387 people from 18 years old to 65 years old (※ 1), 12%. I have the effect both, but the result in which the ordinary water was more effective is in.
There is also test with 31,800 dollars for 1 person a year for the economic effect a gargle by water gives in Japan (the medical expenses it requires when having a cold, and the total amount of the wages lost to be absent from work) (※ 2).
But, something by which it's about Japan to recommend a gargle as prevention of the flu and a cold. This, you'd like also to introduce a cheap and effective custom to the world, right?
● After it hangs, a mouthwash is an adverse effect.
Isodine is the disinfectant with the high effect so that the iodine which is the main ingredient of an over-the-counter mouthwash is used for the restroom by a surgical operation, a cold and a gargle which depends on iodine liquid after I catch the flu rub salt in a bruise in particular, something crowded. I irritate the mucous membrane I inflamed and rather make the symptom be aggravated. Sterilization treatment of the throat by iodine liquid wasn't also done any more at a hospital by the same reason.
I decided to put a disposable paper cup instead of my removing a mouthwash from a restroom by the enterprise which serves as industrial medicine.
● Even if a vaccine is struck, does it hang?
There is a person who complains "If a vaccine was struck, he had the flu.", but the flu virus isn't included in the flu vaccine, so there are no cases that I have the flu by a vaccine by any means.
Of course, the effect of the vaccine isn't 100%. But a probability of infection is lowered and when hanging, serious illness-ization is stopped. When striking it once, I have the effect in 1 from half year, but it takes 3 or 4 weeks for an antibody to rise from inoculation, so it's a principle to strike it by the middle of December before a season.
● The contents of the vaccine are decided in May!
By the way, total 3 kinds of 2 kinds of A the virus stock included in a vaccine tends serious illness to-ize and a kind of B with the strong symptom of the stomach. The opinion by which the virus stock put in a vaccine the year is a specialist every year in May according to the popular tendency in the world, and, production decides and is begun from the summer front in order to supply it to a medical agency around the end of October. Would it be early surprisingly?
◆ Muranaka riko MURANAKA RIKO
Doctor and medical writer. Graduated from the Hitotsubashi University social sciences department and a graduate school. Sociological master. Graduated from Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine. New* of WHO (WHO) mainly took charge of the flu measure by the international level area level by a reemerging infectious disease measure team.
2015-02-04 07:14:04 wpb.shueisha.co.jp
猛威をふるうインフルエンザ！「うがい薬は逆効果」「ソープの薬用成分は意味なし」間違いだらけの予防知識とは？
[2015年01月19日]
NEW
http://wpb.shueisha.co.jp/2015/01/19/42140/
今シーズンは例年より３週間早く、１２月頭から流行入りしているというインフルエンザ。１週間の受診者数は約１３９万人と、昨年同時期の約４倍もの猛威をふるっている。
それだけに、うがい、手洗いなど様々な予防を行なっている人も多いだろうが、果たして本当にそれは正しい行為なのか？ ＷＨＯの感染症対策チームで国際的なインフルエンザ対策に従事した経験をもつ医師、村中璃子氏に聞いてみた。
◉◉ 最大の感染源は自分の手
人は気づかないうちに、驚くほど頻繁（ひんぱん）に手で顔を触わっています。特にパソコンを触る人は顔を触る頻度が高く、５分に１回から３回、一日換算では２００回から６００回も触るという報告もあります。
最大の感染ルートは一般に、空気中に浮遊するウイルスを吸い込むことと考えられていますが、咳やくしゃみの飛沫（ひまつ）が空気中を浮遊している時間は非常に短く（風流や湿度などによります）、手を通じての感染の頻度のほうが高いという専門家もいます。
アメリカでは新兵の９０％が、最初の数ヵ月間でなんらかの呼吸器感染症にかかるそうですが、予防対策として紫外線照射（直射日光に当たるのと同じ効果）、消毒薬散布など様々な方法を試みたところ、一番効果があったのは手洗いだったそうです。
「一日に最低５回手洗いする」という指示で、呼吸器疾患で受診する新兵の数は半減したといいます。
●薬用ソープの「薬用」成分は意味なし
手洗いの基本は、うがいと同じで洗い流すこと。爪の先や指と指の間まで１５秒ほどずつこすってウイルスをしっかり落とすことが重要です。
「薬用」と聞くと消毒効果を期待しますが、いわゆる薬用ソープの主成分トリクロサンは、細菌には有効でもウイルスは殺せません。インフルエンザも風邪の原因微生物の９割も細菌ではなくウイルスです。
また、固形のせっけんではウイルスが長時間生き続け、逆に感染源となることもあります。薬用であるなしにかかわらず固形せっけんよりもハンドソープのほうが安全でしょう。
●うがいは水で十分！
うがいで重要なことは、ウイルスを殺すことではなく、洗い流すこと。１８歳から６５歳までの３８７人を対象に実施した京都大学による二重盲比較試験（※１）によれば、うがい薬（ヨード液）とただの水による予防効果は、水で４０％、うがい薬で１２％。どちらも効果はありますが、ただの水のほうが効果的だったという結果が出ています。
また、日本で水によるうがいによって得られる経済効果（風邪になった場合にかかる医療費や仕事を休むことによって失われる賃金などの総額）は、年間１人当たり３万１８００ドルとの試算もあります（※２）。
とはいえ、インフルエンザや風邪の予防にうがいを推奨するのは日本くらいのもの。この安価で効果的な習慣を世界にも紹介したいですね！
●かかってからのうがい薬は逆効果
イソジンなど市販のうがい薬の主成分であるヨードは、外科手術で手洗いに用いるほど効果の高い消毒薬ですが、特に風邪やインフルエンザにかかってからのヨード液によるうがいは、傷に塩をもみ込むようなもの。炎症を起こした粘膜を刺激し、かえって症状を悪化させます。同じ理由で、病院でもヨード液による喉の消毒治療はやらなくなりました。
私が産業医を務める企業ではトイレからうがい薬を撤去し、代わりに使い捨ての紙コップを置くことにしました。
●ワクチンを打ってもかかる？
「ワクチンを打ったらインフルエンザになった」と訴える人がいますが、インフルエンザワクチンにインフルエンザウイルスは含まれていないので、ワクチンでインフルエンザになることは絶対にありません。
もちろん、ワクチンの効果は１００％ではありません。しかし、感染の確率を下げ、かかった場合も重症化を防ぎます。一度打てば半年から一年は効果がありますが、抗体が上がるのに接種から３、４週間はかかるので、シーズン前の１２月中旬までに打つのが原則です。
●ワクチンの中身は５月に決まっている！
ちなみに、ワクチンに含まれるウイルス株は重症化しやすいＡ型２種類とおなかの症状が強いＢ型１種類の計３種類。その年、ワクチンに入れるウイルス株は、世界での流行傾向に応じて毎年５月には専門家の意見をもとに決定し、１０月末頃には医療機関に供給できるよう夏前から製造が開始されます。意外に早いでしょ？
◆村中璃子 MURANAKA RIKO
医師・医療ライター。一橋大学社会学部・大学院卒。社会学修士。北海道大学医学部卒。ＷＨＯ（世界保健機関）の新興・再興感染症対策チームでは、主として国際レベル・地域レベルでのインフルエンザ対策を担当した
（※１）ざっくり言うと、バイアスがかからないように、どれがうがい薬入りで、どれがうがい薬入りでないか、うがいしている本人も研究者もわから ないようにした実験。出典：Ｓａｔｏｍｕｒａ ｅｔ ａｌ．， Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｕｐｐｅｒｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ ｔｒａｃｔ ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ ｇａｒｇｌｉｎｇ：ａｒａｎｄｏｍｉｚｅｄ ｔｒｉａｌ．， Ａｍ Ｊ Ｐｒｅｖ Ｍｅｄ， ２００５ Ｎｏｖ： ２９（４）：３０２－７
（※２）出典：Ｓａｋａｉ ｅｔ ａｌ．， Ｃｏｓｔ－ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｇａｒｇｌｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｕｐｐｅｒ ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ ｔｒａｃｔｉｎｆｅ
ｃｔｉｏｎｓ， ＢＭＣ Ｈｅａｌｔｈ Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ， Ｄｅｃ２００８．
●参考文献：ジェニファー・アッカーマン著『かぜの科学 もっとも身近な病の生態』（ハヤカワNF文庫）