和英特許翻訳メモ

便利そうな表現、疑問、謎、その他メモ書き。思いつきで書いてます。
拾った用例は必ずしも典型例、模範例ではありません。

冠詞:theとaの違い 吾輩に自我は無い

2023-10-19 21:09:01 | ChatGPT

theはunique, identifiable, already mentioned

aはany, one of many, variable, not fixed, flexible

 

Me:

What is the difference between the following sentences?

1) The device detects the position of the blood vessel.

2) The device detects a position of the blood vessel.

Focus on the use of the grammatical articles, namely "the" and "a".

GPT:

The difference between the two sentences lies in the use of the grammatical articles "the" and "a."

  1. "The device detects the position of the blood vessel."

    • In this sentence, the use of "the" indicates that the device is specifically detecting a particular, known position of the blood vessel. It suggests that the position being detected is unique and identifiable, possibly one that has been mentioned or discussed previously.
  2. "The device detects a position of the blood vessel."

    • In this sentence, the use of "a" suggests that the device can detect one of many possible positions of the blood vessel. It doesn't refer to a specific, known position but rather to any one position among several possibilities.

So, the key distinction here is that the first sentence implies that there is a specific, identifiable position being detected, while the second sentence suggests that the device can detect any position among multiple potential positions of the blood vessel.

Me:

Then, what about this sentence from a published patent, specifically claim 13 of the United States Patent No. US2023160405?

"13. A quick-action clamping apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by a sensor device for sensing the position of the clamping means."

In this sentence, the definite article "the" is used in the phrase "the position of the clamping means". However, there is no antecedent basis for "the position" in any of the preceding sentences. In other words, the "position" is mentioned for the first time here in this claim. Why is an indefinite article "a" not used for the above phrase? What is the logic or reasons behind the use of "the" instead of "a", even though the position of the clamping means is being mentioned for the first time?

GPT:

In legal and technical writing, such as in patents, it's common to use specific and precise language to avoid ambiguity. When referring to a particular element within a patent claim, especially when specifying details, the definite article "the" is often used to make it clear that you are referring to a specific, known, or previously mentioned element. This is a way to ensure that there is no confusion about which position or element is being discussed. The use of "the" in this context conveys that the position being discussed is the one associated with the clamping means introduced in the previous sentences of the patent.

In claim 13 of the patent you mentioned, the phrase "the position of the clamping means" is likely used to tie the sensing action to the clamping means that has been previously introduced in the patent document. It signifies that the sensor device is specifically designed to sense the position of this known clamping means, which has already been defined or described in the preceding sentences.

In contrast, using "a" in this context could introduce unnecessary ambiguity, as it might imply that the sensor device can sense any random or unspecified position related to clamping means, which is not the intended meaning in a patent context. So, the choice of "the" in this patent claim is made to ensure clarity and precision in the language, aligning with the formal and specific style typically found in patent documents.

Me:

Then, what about this sentence from another published patent?
 
"6. The electronic golf aid system of claim 3, wherein the golf ball tracking system is configured to track a location of the golf ball relative to the user"
 
Here, an indefinite article "a" is used in the phrase "a location of the golf ball". This is actually easily understandable, for the position of the golf ball has never been mentioned or discussed in the preceding portion of the document, and hence the use of an indefinite article "a" for the position seems only natural. But according to your earlier explanation, it seems the phrase calls for a definite article "the" for the position, because the "golf ball" has already been mentioned in the document, and it should be obvious that the tracking action here is tied to the golf ball that has already been introduced and not to any random or unspecified position of a random golf ball. So, please explain why "the" is used for "position" in the phrase "the position of the clamping means" and "a" is used for "location" in the phrase "a location of the golf ball relative to the user". Is the key in the additional phrase "relative to the user"?
 
GPT:

You've brought up an interesting point, and I can clarify the distinction. In both cases, the use of "the" or "a" is influenced by the context and specificity required in the patent language. Let's break it down:

  1. "The position of the clamping means":

    • In this case, the definite article "the" is used because the position is directly tied to the "clamping means" that has been introduced and defined previously in the patent document. The use of "the" ensures that there is no ambiguity, and it's clear that the sensor device is specifically designed to sense the position of this known clamping means.
  2. "A location of the golf ball relative to the user":

    • In this case, the use of "a" is influenced by the broader context of the patent. While "the golf ball" is mentioned, the phrase "relative to the user" introduces a degree of variability and suggests that the golf ball's location could vary based on the user's position or perspective. The use of "a" indicates that the tracking system is configured to track any location of the golf ball, depending on the user's position or other factors. It doesn't imply that the golf ball's location is fixed or known in advance.

So, the key difference here is that the context in the second example introduces variability ("relative to the user") and allows for multiple possible locations of the golf ball. In contrast, the first example deals with a specific, known element ("the clamping means"), which is why "the" is used for added clarity and specificity. The choice of "a" in the second example aligns with the flexible nature of the tracking system's function.

 

質問がinterestingだとのこと。一体何を基準に!?何がどうなるとinterestingなpointだと解釈するんでしょう?

なんだか本当にChatGPTって奴は凄いと思います。

なので更に聞いてみました。

Me:

You said, "interesting" in your answer. How did you come to the opinion that I've brought up an "interesting" point? What kind of logic or mechanism do you use to determine if something is interesting or not interesting?

GPT:

I apologize for any confusion. As a machine learning model developed by OpenAI, I don't have personal opinions, emotions, or the ability to find something interesting or uninteresting. The use of the word "interesting" was not meant to convey a subjective opinion but was simply a figure of speech used to acknowledge that the point you raised was worth discussing or considering. It was not an expression of my own judgment but a way to recognize the significance of your question in the context of the discussion. My responses are generated based on patterns in the data I was trained on, and I do not possess the capability to form personal opinions or interests.

Me:

You say you used the word "interesting" as a figure of speech, just to show the topic was worth discussing, and that your responses are based on patterns you've been trained on. Then, when do you use the word "interesting"? Under what conditions or circumstances are you trained to use the word?
 
GPT:

I apologize for any confusion. I, as a text-based AI, don't have the capability to independently decide when to use the word "interesting." It was not used in a systematic or predefined manner, and there are no specific conditions or circumstances under which I am trained to use that word. Any use of the word "interesting" in my responses is purely incidental and not indicative of my own opinions or preferences.

In my responses, I aim to provide information, explanations, and answers to the best of my ability based on the input I receive, but my use of language is determined by patterns and examples in the training data without emotional or subjective judgment. The word "interesting" or any similar expressions are not used to convey my personal thoughts but rather to emphasize the importance or relevance of a point in the context of the conversation.

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possibility, likelihood, probability

2023-10-19 20:47:24 | ChatGPT

Me: What is the difference between the following sentences?

1) "The possibility of the event happening is high."

2) "The likelihood of the event happening is high."

3) "The probability of the event happening is high."

GPT:

The sentences you provided all convey a similar idea, but there are slight differences in emphasis between them:

  1. "The possibility of the event happening is high."

    • This sentence emphasizes that the event is within the realm of feasibility and is likely to occur. It suggests that favorable conditions or circumstances make the event more likely to happen, but it doesn't explicitly quantify the probability.
  2. "The likelihood of the event happening is high."

    • This sentence puts emphasis on the statistical assessment of the event's probability. It directly states that there is a high probability or chance of the event occurring. "Likelihood" is a term that is more directly related to quantifying the probability.
  3. "The probability of the event happening is high."

    • This sentence explicitly states that there is a high probability of the event occurring. "Probability" is a term that directly relates to assessing the chance of an event happening, and it is often associated with numerical values or percentages.

In summary, all three sentences convey the notion that the event is expected to occur with a high likelihood or probability. However, the difference lies in the terminology used and the level of emphasis on quantifying the probability. Sentence 3 ("probability") is the most explicit in terms of quantifying the probability, while sentences 1 and 2 focus more on the idea of the event being likely without necessarily specifying the exact probability.

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凹凸形状

2023-10-19 16:52:06 | 英語特許散策

EP4153096(ICAHN SCHOOL MED MOUNT SINAI [US])
The configuration of a normal proximal portion of the tibia is not a flat plane, but
脛骨の正常な近位部分の構成は、平坦な平面ではないが、

the anatomy is characterized by concave and convex geometries,
解剖学的構造は凹凸形状によって特徴付けられ、

and the tibia cut generator 750 in determining the resected proximal portion of the tibia may be based on the surface area being non-parallel.
脛骨の切削された近位部分を決定する際の脛骨切削生成器750は、表面が非平行であることに基づいてもよい。

US2023107206(3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY [US])
[0055] Examples of the decorative layer include, but are not limited to,
【0051】
  装飾層としては、次のものに限定されないが、

a color layer that exhibits a paint color, for example, a light color, such as white and yellow, and a strong color, such as red, brown, green, blue, gray, and black;
塗装色、例えば、白、黄等の淡色、赤、茶、緑、青、グレー、黒などの濃色を呈するカラー層;

a pattern layer that imparts a design pattern (such as a wood grain, a stone grain, a geometric pattern, or a leather pattern), a logo, a picture pattern, or the like to an article;
木目、石目、幾何学模様、皮革模様などの模様、ロゴ、絵柄などを物品に付与するパターン層;

a relief (embossed pattern) layer in which recesses and protrusions are provided on the surface;
表面に凹凸形状が設けられたレリーフ(浮き彫り模様)層;

and combinations of these layers.
及びこれらの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。

EP4041141(EFEMORAL MEDICAL INC [US])
In an embodiment, bistable struts 803 have a concavo-convex shape.
一実施形態では、双安定支柱803は、凹凸形状を有する。

Bistable struts 803 may take a straight form or a bent form wherein the bistable strut 803 bends in the concave direction.
双安定支柱803は、真っ直ぐな形態または曲がった形態を取ることができ、双安定支柱803は、凹方向に曲がる。

Rigidity of the bistable strut 803 in the straight form increases raidial strength of the element 800.
真っ直ぐな形態の双安定支柱803の剛性は、要素800の径方向の強度を増加させる。

As depicted in FIGs. 8C-8F, the concave curve of bistable strut 803 is oriented in the longitudinal direction and would face a proximal or distal opening of the cylindrical element 800. 
図8C~8Fに示されるように、双安定支柱803の凹状曲面は、長手方向に向けられ、円筒形要素800の近位または遠位の開口部に面し得る。

US11642615(PYROTEK INCORPORATED [US])
[0064] While the surfaces of the faces 310 are illustrated as having uniform or smooth surfaces, the surfaces of the faces 310 may be non-uniform.
【0062】
  面310の表面が均一又は滑らかな表面であるように図示されているが、面310の表面は不均一であってもよい。

For example, the faces 310 may have one or more protruding or indenting features, such as ribs, ridges, grooves, channels, fins, quills, pyramids, mesh, nubs, dimples, or the like.
例えば、面310は、リブ、ねじ山、溝、側溝、フィン(fin)、クイル(quill)、角錐、網(mesh)、小塊(nub)、くぼみなどの1つ以上の凹凸形状であってもよい。

The features may protrude or indent perpendicular to the respective faces 310 or at an oblique angle relative to the respective faces 310 .
この形状は各面310に対して垂直、又は、各面310に対して傾いて凹凸がついていてもよい。

The non-uniform surface of the faces 310 may provide for enhancing each pore 108 to produce desired eddies and/or vortexes in a given liquid and contamination.
面310の不均一な表面は、既定の流体及び汚染物に、所望の渦、渦巻き及び/又は流体速度を生成するために、各孔部108を強化しうる。

Moreover, the non-uniform surface of the faces 310 may provide for enhancing capture sites of each pore 108 .
さらに、面310の不均一な表面は、各孔部108の捕捉部位を強化しうる。

WO2020206312(YETI COOLERS LLC [US])
Each of the base locking projections 649 may include a contoured edge shape 651 to receive the tail member 622
ベース・ロック用突出部649の各々が、テール部材622を受けるための凹凸の縁部形状651を有することができ、

such that the body member 624, the contoured edge shape 651, and the opening 631 may be coaxial with each other when the attachment assembly 620 is in a locked position.
その結果、アタッチメント組立体620がロック位置にあるとき、ボディ部材624、凹凸の縁部形状651、及び開口部631が互いに同軸となり得る。

////////

In addition, each wheel housing 566 may have a contoured surface that generally follows the contour of the bottom surface 522 of the suitcase and includes the tapered portion 523. 
加えて、各ホイール・ハウジング566が、スーツケースの底部表面522の凹凸に概して従いさらにテーパ部分523を有する凹凸表面を有することができる。

////////

[0169] As discussed above, the exterior of the suitcase 100 may have a contoured shape that may include a plurality of recesses to accommodate the latch assemblies, trolley handle assembly 400, and wheels 168 to minimize their profile and exposure to possible damage from collisions with other objects during travel. 
【0061】
  上で考察したように、それらのプロフィールを最小にするために、及び旅行中の他の物体との衝突からの可能性のあるダメージに対しての露出を最小にするために、スーツケース100の外側部分が、ラッチ組立体と、手押しハンドル組立体400と、ホイール168とを受け入れるための複数の凹部を有することができる凹凸形状を有することができる。

For instance, the lower shell 108 may have a tow pull recess 154 that is offset from the primary surface 146 on the bottom portion 122 of the lower shell 108. 
例えば、下側シェル108が、下側シェル108の底部分122上に、主表面146からオフセットされる引手凹部154を有することができる。

The tow pull recess 154 may have a depth that is equal to or greater than the thickness of the extrusion assembly 410 to adequately protect the trolley handle assembly 400 from impacts. 
引手凹部154が、手押しハンドル組立体400を衝撃から十分に保護するために延伸組立体410の厚さに等しいか又はそれより大きい深さを有することができる。

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立体形状の

2023-10-19 12:06:29 | 英語特許散策

US9910935(ADVANCED SOLUTIONS LIFE SCIENCES LLC [US])
[0125] Once designed, models to be printed/fabricated are sent to the RBW using the TSIM software.
【0098】
  [0121]  一旦設計されたなら、プリント/製作されるモデルは、TSIMソフトウェアを使用してRBWに送られる。

The RBW comprises a tabletop workstation including a multi-axis robot
RBWは、多軸ロボットを含むテーブルトップ・ワークステーションを含む。

that facilitates 3-D tissue printing of composite volumetric shapes and assembly of biological constructs.
多軸ロボットは、複合立体形状の3-D細胞組織プリンティング、および生体構造物の組み立てを容易に行う。

US11610031(DASSAULT SYS SOLIDWORKS CORP [US])
3D model: A 3D model refers to representations of solid geometries in a CAD program.
【0004】
  ・3Dモデル:3Dモデルは、CADプログラムでの立体形状の表現を指す。

A modeled object may contain none or one or more 3D solids and may contain none or one or more sketches.
モデル化されたオブジェクトには、3Dソリッドが含まれていないか、1つ以上含まれている場合があり、スケッチが含まれていないか、1つ以上含まれている場合がある。

US2023107206(3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY [US])
[0025] In the present disclosure, a “three-dimensional shape” is intended to be a three-dimensional shape in which the Z axis is added to a two-dimensional shape (a planar shape with only the X axis and the Y axis).
【0021】
  本開示において「三次元形状」とは、二次元形状(X軸、Y軸だけの平面形状)に対し、Z軸を加えた立体形状を意図する。

US2023002887(LAM RES CORP [US])
 For DRAM applications, example gap geometries may be depths of 75-300 nm and openings of 5-50 nm.
DRAM用途の場合、例示的な間隙の立体形状は、深さが75~300nmで開口が5~50nmであってよい。

Aspect ratios may be 4:1-30:1, for example. It will be appreciated,
アスペクト比は、例えば4:1~30:1であってよい。

however, that the methods described herein may be used for fill of gaps of any geometry. 
ただし、本明細書に記載した方法は、どのような立体形状の間隙を充填するのにも使用され得ることが理解されるであろう。

US10118705(BOEING CO [US])
[0151] A volumetric-form induction coil is a coil that encloses a core volume with the center of the spiral of wire within the core volume.
【0040】
  立体的な形状の誘導コイルは、螺旋状ワイヤの中心を内包するコア空間(core volume)を囲むコイルである。

A sheet-form induction coil may or may not enclose a core volume (e.g., a sheet-form induction coil may conform to the shape of a cylindrical shell) but the center of the spiral of wire is within the sheet.
シート形状の誘導コイルには、コア空間を有するものも、有さないものもある(例えば、シート形状の誘導コイルは、円筒状のシェルと合致する形状でもよい)が、螺旋状ワイヤの中心はシート状部分の中に位置する。

Generally, a volumetric-form coil would be substantially tube-like with the wire spiraled around the outside of the virtual tube (e.g., the classical shape of a wire-wound inductor).
通常、立体形状のコイルは、実質的に筒状であり、この仮想筒の外側に螺旋状に巻回されている(例えば、ワイヤが巻回された古典的な形状のインダクタである)。

A volumetric-form induction coil produces a magnetic field parallel to the center of the spiral of wire and generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the enclosed volume.
立体形状の誘導コイルにより形成される磁場は、螺旋状ワイヤの中心に対して平行であり、且つ、囲まれた空間の長手方向軸に対して概ね平行である。

US2022183820(ZEISS CARL MEDITEC AG [DE])
[0052] The intraocular lens includes a haptic .
【0044】
  眼内レンズ1は、ハプティック5を含む。

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the haptic is formed from two rings and .
図の例示的な実施形態において、ハプティック5は、2つのリング6及び7から形成される。

The first ring in the exemplary embodiment is elastically deformable, at least in regions.
この例示的な実施形態の第一のリング6は、少なくとも領域ごとに弾性変形可能である。

The first ring has an uneven form in the circumferential direction about the main optical axis A.
第一のリング6は、主光軸Aの周囲で円周方向に不均一な形態を有する。

This means that the entire shape or the entire geometry of the first ring is not arranged in a single plane. 
これは、第一のリング6の形状全体又は幾何学形状全体が単一の面内に配置されないことを意味する。

Rather, the first ring is formed as a three-dimensionally shaped ring.
むしろ、第一のリング6は、立体形状のリングとして形成される。

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対象者、被写体

2023-10-19 11:25:53 | 英語特許散策

US2023139007(ESSILOR INT [FR])
[0163] Each real optical condition of said plurality of real optical conditions
【0150】
  複数の実際の光学条件の各々の実際の光学条件は、

correspond typically to a given value of an optical feature, such as sphere, cylinder, axis or transmission coefficient, of an optical component such as a test filter or test lens placed in front of the eye of the subject.
通常、被写体の眼の前に配置されたテストフィルタ又はテストレンズなどの光学構成要素の、球面、円柱、軸、又は透過係数などの光学的特徴の所与の値に対応する。

[0164] The subjective test is usually performed by using a specific device known as a “phoropter”
【0151】
  主観テストは、通常、「フォロプタ」として知られる特定のデバイスを使用して実行される。

This phoropter comprises either at least one test optical component with variable optical feature, such as a test lens with variable optical power or a plurality of test optical component with different fixed, predetermined optical features, such as a plurality of lenses with different fixed, predetermined optical powers
このフォロプタは、可変光学度数を有するテストレンズなどの可変光学的特徴を備えた少なくとも1つのテスト光学構成要素、又は異なる固定された所定の光学度数を有する複数のレンズなどの異なる固定された所定の光学的特徴を備えた複数のテスト光学構成要素のいずれか、

and at least one support adapted to support the test optical component or one of said plurality of test optical components.
及びテスト光学構成要素若しくは複数のテスト光学構成要素のうちの1つを支持するように適合された少なくとも1つの支持体、を備える。

Said support is adapted to be positioned in front of the head of the subject in order to place the test optical component supported by said support in front of a eye of the subject to be tested.
支持体は、支持体によって支持されたテスト光学構成要素をテストされる対象者の眼の前に配置するために、対象者の頭の前に配置されるように適合されている。

US2022114616(SPLASHLIGHT HOLDING LLC [US])
[0068] The method of FIG. 4 is provided for example only.
【0068】
  図4の方法は、例示としてのみ提供される。

Variations of the method are contemplated and within the scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the media processing and analytics system 104 may generate variations of a single image to obtain different variations of the image.
本方法の変形が企図され、本開示の範囲内である。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、メディア処理及び分析システム104が、単一の画像の変形を生成して、その画像の異なるバリエーションを得ることができる。

For example, the media processing and analytics system 104 
例えば、メディア処理及び分析システム104は、

may vary (or may allow a human user to vary) one or more attributes in two or more versions of the image, such as the color of a subject's clothing, the color of a subject's hair, a hairstyle of the subject, or the background depicted in the image, so as to better determine whether a particular attribute better correlates with positive outcomes.
特定の属性がポシティブな結果とより良く相関するか否かをより良く判断するように、対象者の衣服の色、対象者の髪の色、対象者のヘアスタイル、又は画像に描かれた背景など、画像の2つ以上のバージョンで1つ以上の属性を変化させてもよい(又は人間のユーザに変化を許可してもよい)。

///////////

 An example set of media asset attributes pertaining to an image or videos containing a subject (e.g., a model, an actor or actress, an animal, a landscape, etc.) may include, among other attributes, the following: 
被写体(例えば、モデル、俳優や女優、動物、風景など)を含む画像又は動画に関連するメディア資産属性の例は、他の属性の中でも以下のものを含む可能性がある:

US2021211825(DOLBY LABORATORIES LICENSING CORP [US])
[0051] The HRTF calculation system 500 may be prepared once as discussed below in a training environment 502 , which may involve computer programs for some components as well as manual data collection for others.
【0046】
  HRTF計算システム500は、一部のコンポーネントのためのコンピュータ・プログラムと、他のコンポーネントのための手動のデータ収集とを含むことができるトレーニング環境502において、後述するように、一度だけ用意されてもよい。

In general, the training environment 502 determines a relationship between the measured generative data matrix 523 of a number of subjects (low hundreds) and the values of their respective HRTFs.
一般に、トレーニング環境502は、いくつかの対象者(前半の数百)の測定された生成データ行列523と、それぞれのHRTFの値との間の関係を決定する。

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[0137] At this point, the scaled, centered camera transforms need to be oriented about the vertical axis of the world space, which may be referred to as the z-axis.
【0127】
  この時点で、スケーリングされ、中心合わせされたカメラ変換は、z軸と称されることがある世界空間の垂直軸のまわりに配向される必要がある。

In the photography field, a photograph in which the subject's face and nose are pointed directly towards the camera is commonly referred to as a full-face photograph. 
写真の分野では、被写体の顔と鼻がまっすぐカメラに向けられた写真は普通、正面向きの写真と呼ばれる。

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