2016-01-10 07:55:11 ameblo.jp/saburo-scm
Accident psychology
The instinct of the man who should know to an accident
http://ameblo.jp/sab/entry-11657643205.html
[1] The person cuts inconvenient information.
A possibility that the smoker who can't give up smoking has lung cancer is ignored, and though a person should be sent, you can decide to fancy "There is a person who lives long by a smoker, too.", and it cries, and the fact that one is sanctioned is completed and a warning signal is ignored.
[2] The person thinks "Only one doesn't die of an earthquake."
There is a person who thinks only one can correspond calmly even if there are an earthquake and an accident. But the convinced much was the groundless one based on an optimistic desire, and that I met disaster actually, an eccentric is disturbed and gets the behavior which isn't considered by ordinariness. Without thinking only one is OK, the posture which corresponds modestly is important.
[3] well, The person doesn't run away.
It's necessary to recognize "It's dangerous." for a person to run away. But the man of today is difficult for the switch at the heart which turns on recognition to enter. The person who would like to experience the state of the time of an accident by a television and the internet knows about the thing, will, even the time of an accident will be and gives priority to prejudice over the situation of the site.
The behavior which should be taken for the time of an accident
[1] even if others doesn't run away, I run away!
When that I need the time of an accident and man by myself, I'll start action by my judgement immediately, but in case of a group, I'm influenced by others' movement from the sense of security to which I say "Because I'm here by everyone." and the collectivity bias to which I say "Only 1 person is different from other people, it's difficult to act." and as a result, lose the timing to which I escape.
[2] even if I say that a specialist is OK, if danger is felt, I run away.
"Because it's that a professional says." without doubting that, a general person believes a specialist to direct. It's called "expert error" to be too dependent on a specialist's saying. But even if I say a specialist, they may not be able to direct right perfectly. It's important to decide about a thing of life and death by oneself based on the information confirmed by the five senses.
[3] when you can foresee an earthquake, I don't overestimate.
Though a big earthquake occurs frequently, there are also no 1 earthquakes you could foresee perfectly up to now. The article to which I say "You foresaw this earthquake." appears after earthquake occurring, but there is nothing able to specify a period, an occurring place and the scale. The person who thinks the imminent prediction of an earthquake is difficult and does equipment at the heart by this stage is apparent.
I don't stick to [4] "It was so before."
The experience and the experience by which people are everyone and the past, and, I think "Because before was so." But when doing an accident at the front, I always have to learn a lesson from the past and consider the most vice. "A tidal wave in the past and an earthquake were so." and, it isn't seized with experience too much and is to move to safe behavior quickly.
[5] "possibly" "just in case" is made important.
When there is a person unconsciously, even if danger is drawing near, an idea only goes and denies danger in a convenient way for "That's impossible!" "I'm certain that it'll be OK." and itself. Psychology as "normal bias". When saying well so, I have to do regaining consciousness which is "just a little" importantly consciously. "Possibly" and, if danger is felt, "just in case", I should run away immediately.
[6] air isn't read at the time of an accident.
When many man gathers, it's requested to read "air in the place", and there are vice and a done trend for can't read the air. An individual comes to be decided about by the feeling and the atmosphere which remain unknown and float on the whole group. This is conspicuous for Japanese. I sneak from a group in the time of an accident and think as an individual, and it's necessary to carry out.
[7] I get right information and knowledge.
When the root doesn't have right protection against disasters knowledge, right protection against disasters consciousness isn't born. When it's based on wrong knowledge, when saying well, I get wrong behavior. It's the first step of a disaster prevention measure to know information on the time of an accident accurately first.
2016-01-10 07:55:11 ameblo.jp/saburo-scm
災害心理学
災害に対して知っておくべき人間の本能
http://ameblo.jp/sab/entry-11657643205.html
【１】人は都合の悪い情報をカットしてしまう
禁煙できない喫煙者が肺がんになる可能性を無視して「喫煙者でも長生きする人はいる」と思い込むように、人はやらなくてはならないのにできないとき、自分を正当化する事実を作り上げ、危険信号を無視する。
【２】人は「自分だけは地震で死なない」と思う
自分だけは地震や災害があっても冷静に対応できると思っている人がいる。しかし、その確信の多くは楽観的な願望に基づいた根拠のないもので、実際に災害にあったとき人は動揺し、普通では考えられないような行動をとってしまう。自分だけは大丈夫だと思わずに、謙虚に対応する姿勢が大事なのである。
【３】実は人は逃げない
人が逃げるには、「危険だ」と認識する必要がある。しかし、現代人は認識をオンにする心のスイッチが入りにくい。テレビやインターネットなどで災害時の様子を見聞きしてたい人はあたかもそのことについて知っているつもりになってしまい、災害時でも現場の状況より先入観を優先してしまうことになる。
災害時にとるべき行動
【１】周りが逃げなくても、逃げる！
災害時、人間は１人でいると「何が起きたのか」とすぐに自らの判断で行動を起こすが、集団の場合、「皆でいるから」という安心感、「１人だけ他の人と違う行動を取りにくい」という集団性バイアスから他者の動きに左右され、その結果逃げるタイミングを失う。
【２】専門家が大丈夫と言っても、危険を感じたら逃げる
一般の人は専門家が指示すると「プロの言うことだから」それを疑わずに信じてしまう。専門家の言うことに依存しすぎてしまうことを「エキスパート・エラー」という。しかし、専門家と言っても完全に正しい指示ができるとは限らない。生死に関わることは自分の五感で確認した情報に基づき、自分で意思決定をすることが重要である。
【３】地震は予知できると過信しない
大地震が頻発しているにも関わらず、これまで完全に予知できた地震は１つもない。地震発生後「この地震は予知されていた」という記事が出るが、期間、発生場所、規模を特定できたものはない。現段階で地震の直前予知は困難と思い、心の備えをしておく方が間違いない。
【４】「以前こうだった」にとらわれない
人は皆、過去の経験や体験をもとに「以前はこうだったから」と思うものだ。しかし、災害を前にしたときは、過去を教訓にするだけではなく常に最悪を考えなくてはならない。「過去の津波・地震はこうだった」と経験にとらわれすぎず、迅速に安全行動に移ることだ。
【５】「もしかして」「念のため」を大事にする
人は無意識でいると、危険が迫っていてもつい「まさか」「大丈夫に違いない」と、自分にとって都合の良い方に考えがいき、危険性を打ち消してしまう。「正常バイアス」という心理だ。だからこそいざという時は、「ほんのちょっと」の気づきを意識的に大事にしなくてはならない。「もしかして」と危険を感じたら、「念のため」にすぐさま逃げるべきである。
【６】災害時には空気を読まない
大勢の人間が集まると、「その場の空気」を読むことが求められ、その空気が読めないことは悪とされる風潮がある。個人が埋没して、集団全体に漂う気分・雰囲気で意思決定されるようになる。これは日本人に顕著だ。災害時には集団から抜け出し、個人として考え、行動に移す必要がある。
【７】正しい情報・知識を手に入れる
正しい防災知識が根底になければ、正しい防災意識は生まれない。あやまった知識に基づくと、いざという時に間違った行動を取ってしまう。まずは災害時の情報をきちんと知ることが防災対策の第一歩なのだ。
Accident psychology
The instinct of the man who should know to an accident
http://ameblo.jp/sab/entry-11657643205.html
[1] The person cuts inconvenient information.
A possibility that the smoker who can't give up smoking has lung cancer is ignored, and though a person should be sent, you can decide to fancy "There is a person who lives long by a smoker, too.", and it cries, and the fact that one is sanctioned is completed and a warning signal is ignored.
[2] The person thinks "Only one doesn't die of an earthquake."
There is a person who thinks only one can correspond calmly even if there are an earthquake and an accident. But the convinced much was the groundless one based on an optimistic desire, and that I met disaster actually, an eccentric is disturbed and gets the behavior which isn't considered by ordinariness. Without thinking only one is OK, the posture which corresponds modestly is important.
[3] well, The person doesn't run away.
It's necessary to recognize "It's dangerous." for a person to run away. But the man of today is difficult for the switch at the heart which turns on recognition to enter. The person who would like to experience the state of the time of an accident by a television and the internet knows about the thing, will, even the time of an accident will be and gives priority to prejudice over the situation of the site.
The behavior which should be taken for the time of an accident
[1] even if others doesn't run away, I run away!
When that I need the time of an accident and man by myself, I'll start action by my judgement immediately, but in case of a group, I'm influenced by others' movement from the sense of security to which I say "Because I'm here by everyone." and the collectivity bias to which I say "Only 1 person is different from other people, it's difficult to act." and as a result, lose the timing to which I escape.
[2] even if I say that a specialist is OK, if danger is felt, I run away.
"Because it's that a professional says." without doubting that, a general person believes a specialist to direct. It's called "expert error" to be too dependent on a specialist's saying. But even if I say a specialist, they may not be able to direct right perfectly. It's important to decide about a thing of life and death by oneself based on the information confirmed by the five senses.
[3] when you can foresee an earthquake, I don't overestimate.
Though a big earthquake occurs frequently, there are also no 1 earthquakes you could foresee perfectly up to now. The article to which I say "You foresaw this earthquake." appears after earthquake occurring, but there is nothing able to specify a period, an occurring place and the scale. The person who thinks the imminent prediction of an earthquake is difficult and does equipment at the heart by this stage is apparent.
I don't stick to [4] "It was so before."
The experience and the experience by which people are everyone and the past, and, I think "Because before was so." But when doing an accident at the front, I always have to learn a lesson from the past and consider the most vice. "A tidal wave in the past and an earthquake were so." and, it isn't seized with experience too much and is to move to safe behavior quickly.
[5] "possibly" "just in case" is made important.
When there is a person unconsciously, even if danger is drawing near, an idea only goes and denies danger in a convenient way for "That's impossible!" "I'm certain that it'll be OK." and itself. Psychology as "normal bias". When saying well so, I have to do regaining consciousness which is "just a little" importantly consciously. "Possibly" and, if danger is felt, "just in case", I should run away immediately.
[6] air isn't read at the time of an accident.
When many man gathers, it's requested to read "air in the place", and there are vice and a done trend for can't read the air. An individual comes to be decided about by the feeling and the atmosphere which remain unknown and float on the whole group. This is conspicuous for Japanese. I sneak from a group in the time of an accident and think as an individual, and it's necessary to carry out.
[7] I get right information and knowledge.
When the root doesn't have right protection against disasters knowledge, right protection against disasters consciousness isn't born. When it's based on wrong knowledge, when saying well, I get wrong behavior. It's the first step of a disaster prevention measure to know information on the time of an accident accurately first.
2016-01-10 07:55:11 ameblo.jp/saburo-scm
災害心理学
災害に対して知っておくべき人間の本能
http://ameblo.jp/sab/entry-11657643205.html
【１】人は都合の悪い情報をカットしてしまう
禁煙できない喫煙者が肺がんになる可能性を無視して「喫煙者でも長生きする人はいる」と思い込むように、人はやらなくてはならないのにできないとき、自分を正当化する事実を作り上げ、危険信号を無視する。
【２】人は「自分だけは地震で死なない」と思う
自分だけは地震や災害があっても冷静に対応できると思っている人がいる。しかし、その確信の多くは楽観的な願望に基づいた根拠のないもので、実際に災害にあったとき人は動揺し、普通では考えられないような行動をとってしまう。自分だけは大丈夫だと思わずに、謙虚に対応する姿勢が大事なのである。
【３】実は人は逃げない
人が逃げるには、「危険だ」と認識する必要がある。しかし、現代人は認識をオンにする心のスイッチが入りにくい。テレビやインターネットなどで災害時の様子を見聞きしてたい人はあたかもそのことについて知っているつもりになってしまい、災害時でも現場の状況より先入観を優先してしまうことになる。
災害時にとるべき行動
【１】周りが逃げなくても、逃げる！
災害時、人間は１人でいると「何が起きたのか」とすぐに自らの判断で行動を起こすが、集団の場合、「皆でいるから」という安心感、「１人だけ他の人と違う行動を取りにくい」という集団性バイアスから他者の動きに左右され、その結果逃げるタイミングを失う。
【２】専門家が大丈夫と言っても、危険を感じたら逃げる
一般の人は専門家が指示すると「プロの言うことだから」それを疑わずに信じてしまう。専門家の言うことに依存しすぎてしまうことを「エキスパート・エラー」という。しかし、専門家と言っても完全に正しい指示ができるとは限らない。生死に関わることは自分の五感で確認した情報に基づき、自分で意思決定をすることが重要である。
【３】地震は予知できると過信しない
大地震が頻発しているにも関わらず、これまで完全に予知できた地震は１つもない。地震発生後「この地震は予知されていた」という記事が出るが、期間、発生場所、規模を特定できたものはない。現段階で地震の直前予知は困難と思い、心の備えをしておく方が間違いない。
【４】「以前こうだった」にとらわれない
人は皆、過去の経験や体験をもとに「以前はこうだったから」と思うものだ。しかし、災害を前にしたときは、過去を教訓にするだけではなく常に最悪を考えなくてはならない。「過去の津波・地震はこうだった」と経験にとらわれすぎず、迅速に安全行動に移ることだ。
【５】「もしかして」「念のため」を大事にする
人は無意識でいると、危険が迫っていてもつい「まさか」「大丈夫に違いない」と、自分にとって都合の良い方に考えがいき、危険性を打ち消してしまう。「正常バイアス」という心理だ。だからこそいざという時は、「ほんのちょっと」の気づきを意識的に大事にしなくてはならない。「もしかして」と危険を感じたら、「念のため」にすぐさま逃げるべきである。
【６】災害時には空気を読まない
大勢の人間が集まると、「その場の空気」を読むことが求められ、その空気が読めないことは悪とされる風潮がある。個人が埋没して、集団全体に漂う気分・雰囲気で意思決定されるようになる。これは日本人に顕著だ。災害時には集団から抜け出し、個人として考え、行動に移す必要がある。
【７】正しい情報・知識を手に入れる
正しい防災知識が根底になければ、正しい防災意識は生まれない。あやまった知識に基づくと、いざという時に間違った行動を取ってしまう。まずは災害時の情報をきちんと知ることが防災対策の第一歩なのだ。
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