5.3 Environmental Sustainability
5.3.1 In Otago, New Zealand, people have certifications and concessions systems. For instance, people need concessions of the Department of Conservation (DOC) for uses of water and land, every constructions and commercial activities that may affect environment. (DOC, 2006). Inbound Tour Operators Council of New Zealand assesses qualities of tourism industries such as accommodations, transportations and other activities, and provides some kinds of Qualmarks depending on their classes of tourism operations. Green Globe 21 is an international certification system for tourism and destinations. It requires minimizing impacts of the industries. Monarch Wildlife Cruises has a marine mammal viewing permit of DOC for cruise tours, Qualmark endorsed and membership of Green Globe 21. Catlins Wildlife Trackers Ecotours and Walks has DOC concessionaire and marine mammal viewing permit and professional qualifications. Nature Guides Otago has DOC concessionaire, regional council consent and professional qualifications. In addition, Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony has regional council consent and Qualmark endorsed. (Ecotour New Zealand, 2006). Independent organizations are assessing tourism businesses for qualifications that encourage tourism operators to improve their qualities, and these qualifications benefit tourism destinations, sustaining the environment.
5.3.2 In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Natal Parks Board is one of official conservation agencies. They maintain 28 percent of coastline as maritime reserves. They have chosen ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development and conservation, and they established a reconstruction and development programme, and focused on environmental education programme. However, they mainly relied on funding by the government, and their first priority is economical development. They employed over three thousands staff and manage campsites where more than ten thousands people can stay over in year 2000. On public protected areas, the government owns majority part of the areas, and it is easy to manage environment. Nevertheless, ownerships of the lands, surrounding the public protected areas, are not clear and no one can form a buffer zone. Moreover, ecotourism does not benefit local community well, so local people are not interested in conservation activities there. People need some resolutions to maintain environmental sustainability.
5.3.1 In Otago, New Zealand, people have certifications and concessions systems. For instance, people need concessions of the Department of Conservation (DOC) for uses of water and land, every constructions and commercial activities that may affect environment. (DOC, 2006). Inbound Tour Operators Council of New Zealand assesses qualities of tourism industries such as accommodations, transportations and other activities, and provides some kinds of Qualmarks depending on their classes of tourism operations. Green Globe 21 is an international certification system for tourism and destinations. It requires minimizing impacts of the industries. Monarch Wildlife Cruises has a marine mammal viewing permit of DOC for cruise tours, Qualmark endorsed and membership of Green Globe 21. Catlins Wildlife Trackers Ecotours and Walks has DOC concessionaire and marine mammal viewing permit and professional qualifications. Nature Guides Otago has DOC concessionaire, regional council consent and professional qualifications. In addition, Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony has regional council consent and Qualmark endorsed. (Ecotour New Zealand, 2006). Independent organizations are assessing tourism businesses for qualifications that encourage tourism operators to improve their qualities, and these qualifications benefit tourism destinations, sustaining the environment.
5.3.2 In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Natal Parks Board is one of official conservation agencies. They maintain 28 percent of coastline as maritime reserves. They have chosen ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development and conservation, and they established a reconstruction and development programme, and focused on environmental education programme. However, they mainly relied on funding by the government, and their first priority is economical development. They employed over three thousands staff and manage campsites where more than ten thousands people can stay over in year 2000. On public protected areas, the government owns majority part of the areas, and it is easy to manage environment. Nevertheless, ownerships of the lands, surrounding the public protected areas, are not clear and no one can form a buffer zone. Moreover, ecotourism does not benefit local community well, so local people are not interested in conservation activities there. People need some resolutions to maintain environmental sustainability.