Indeed, toys are more strictly gendered today than they were 50 years ago, when adult gender roles were much more separate
子供用の、おもちゃが50年前より、男女の差がはっきり区別されている、と。
フェミニストお母さんのお譲ちゃん。お母さんの意向や誘導にもかかわらず、女の子っぽいおもちゃや着物を選ぶ、と。
Alice's fascination with girly things looks like she is just doing what society is telling her to do, rather than making an independent decision.
Yet it is her decision. So maybe as a feminist I should embrace it. She is being who she wants to be, after all.
社会がそうしろ、というものをやっているに過ぎないが、彼女の選択だからしょうがない、と。
一卵性双生児、男の子として生まれたが一方は、女の子に、と。
After they were born, they were very close but from the age of 18 months, the parents started to see differences between their children.
Matt said: 'My earliest memory of it is at one and a half. My parents had them once a week from when they were born.
'Mum and dad used to take them down to the shops to pick a magazine. Olly would get Thomas The Tank Engine, or more "boy" magazines. She picked something pink with fairies.
'From the age of two she was drawn towards pink toys and babies. She asked for baby dolls and wanted girly fancy dress while Olly had a Batman outfit.'
And Matt explained that Lily’s ‘girlie’ behaviour continued when she went to nursery.
18ヶ月で、ピンクの妖精ものを選び、二才のときにはピンクの人形や赤ちゃんを選んだ、と。
'She always played with the dolls': Identical twins born as boys detail how their family coped when one came out as transgender and transitioned from Wyatt into Nicole
双生児の片方がトランスという例はめずらしくない。
とすれば、社会的影響で、女の子が女の子っぽいおもちゃや着物を選ぶとは言い切れない。
社会は、性差のあるおもちゃや着物を準備しているが、親の意向にも関わらず、子供が積極的選択しているのだ、と考えざるえない。
そして、双生児の片方だけが、トランスしていく場合があるわけだから、単純に遺伝子の影響とも言えない。
最初のNYTの記事にもどると、
“There’s a whole range of very positive costumes for little boys that stress that you can get adventure, you can accomplish great things and have the right to,” Ms. Nelson said. “The equivalent costumes for girls still suggest if you’re going to accomplish great things, it’s going to be in relation to how well you look.”
Lynn Liben of Penn State University and Lacey Hilliard of Tufts University studied preschool students. In some of the classrooms, teachers made no distinctions between boys and girls. In others, teachers differentiated between them, such as asking them to line up separately.
After two weeks, the children in the group where distinctions were made were much more likely to hold stereotypical beliefs about whether men and women should be in traditionally male or female occupations, and spent much less time playing with peers of the opposite sex. Even saying “boys and girls” instead of “children” had the effect.
“I find that incredibly compelling that labeling for boys or for girls will have an effect on reducing kids’ belief that everything is open to everybody,” Ms. Liben said. “I don’t think we need to wipe out differences, but you don’t want to constrain kids’ choices and abilities.”
男の子っぽいおもちゃは、警官やら工作やら職業に関連しており、女の子っぽいものは外見重視のものが多い、と。男女区別して育てると、男子の役割、女子の役割について融通が利かず、固定観念的にとらえることが多くなる、と。
また、おもちゃや装束で違いがあるのはいいが、それで、子供たちの機会や技術が失われるのはまずい、と。
要するに、自由ということを重視すると、女の子が伝統的に”女の子っぽい”おもちゃや装束を選ぶ自由も重視すべきと同時に、男の子が”女の子っぽい”おもちゃや着物を選ぶ自由も重視すべき。そして、”っぽさ”を押し付けない。
また、男子が、伝統的に男子っぽい分野に参入する自由もあるが、女子が伝統的男子っぽい分野に参入する自由もあり、それを阻害してはならない、といったところか?
私は、男女における結果の平等は正しくない、と考えている。
自由意志に基づく選択ーー子供の自由意志について問題はあるがーーーならば、結果として、男女比が異なっても、それは正当だと考える。
もっとも、いまの社会は女性に不利に働くものが多いので、援助や支援は必要であるとも考えている。