杏林大学呼吸器内科 『あんずの呼吸 part2』

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入局,大歓迎です!

Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicating myelodysplastic syndrome

2014年03月09日 | 医局のソファー


BMC Pulm Med. 2014 Mar 5;14(1):37. [Epub ahead of print]
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicating myelodysplastic syndrome results in worsening of prognosis: a retrospective cohort study in Japan.
Ishii H, Seymour JF, Tazawa R, Inoue Y, Uchida N, Nishida A, Kogure Y, Saraya T, Tomii K, Takada T, Itoh Y, Hojo M, Ichiwata T, Goto H, Nakata K.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (sPAP) is a very rare lung disorder comprising approximately 10% of cases of acquired PAP.
Hematological disorders are the most common underlying conditions of sPAP, of which 74% of cases demonstrate myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
However, the impact of sPAP on the prognosis of underlying MDS remains unknown.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether development of sPAP worsens the prognosis of MDS.

METHODS:
Thirty-one cases of sPAP and underlying MDS were retrospectively classified into mild and severe cases consisting of very low-/low-risk groups and
intermediate-/high-/very high-risk groups at the time of diagnosis of MDS,
according to the prognostic scoring system based on the World Health Organization classification.
Next, we compared the characteristics, disease duration, cumulative survival, and prognostic factors of the groups.

RESULTS:
In contrast to previous reports on the prognosis of MDS, we found that the cumulative survival probability for mild MDS patients
was similar to that in severe MDS patients. This is likely due to the poor prognosis of patients with mild MDS,
whose 2-year survival rate was 46.2%. Notably, 75% and 62.5% of patients who died developed fatal infectious diseases and exacerbation of PAP,
respectively, suggesting that the progression of PAP per se and/or PAP-associated infection contributed to poor prognosis.
The use of corticosteroid therapy and a diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide of less than 44% were predictive of poor prognosis.

CONCLUSION:
Development of sPAP during the course of MDS may be an important adverse risk factor in prognosis of patients with mild MDS.
PMID: 24597668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

MRSA enterocolitis sequentially complicated with septic arthritis Review

2014年01月14日 | 医局のソファー
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis sequentially complicated with septic arthritis: a case report and review of the literature.

BMC Res Notes. 2014 Jan 9;7(1):21. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-21.

Ogawa Y, Saraya T, Koide T, Kikuchi K, Ohkuma K, Araki K, Makino H, Yonetani S, Takizawa H, Goto H.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Although most reports describing patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis have been published in Japan,
this concept remains a matter of debate and diagnostic criteria have not yet been defined.

CASE PRESENTATION:
The general status of a 74-year-old Japanese man referred to our hospital (day 1) with severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia gradually improved with antibiotic therapy.
Thereafter, up to 4 L/day of acute watery diarrhea that started on day 19 was refractory to metronidazole but responded immediately to oral vancomycin.
Gram staining stool samples was positive for abundant fecal leukocytes from which dominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (104 CFU/mL) were isolated,
suggesting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis. High fever with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was evident at day 30,
and suppurative right hip arthritis developed around day 71. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from stools,
blood and aspirated synovial fluid separated in the same manner on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, as well as two other strains isolated from sputum,
belonged to the same clone as sequence type (ST) 764 (complex clonal 5), and carried SCCmec type II.

CONCLUSION:
The clinical, microbiological and molecular biological findings of this patient indicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis
that led to septic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus arthritis.

Intensivist 急性呼吸不全

2013年10月21日 | 医局のソファー

特集
急性呼吸不全
〔責任編集〕
則末 泰博
東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター
呼吸器内科・集中治療科

林 淑朗
鉄焦会亀田総合病院 集中治療科/The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research

讃井 將満
自治医科大学附属さいたま医療センター 集中治療部

第1章 呼吸器疾患総論
1. ベッドサイドで使える低酸素血症の呼吸病態生理学:
呼吸不全診療で着目すべきポイント
則末 泰博 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター 呼吸器内科・集中治療科

2. 急性呼吸不全の疫学:ICUで遭遇しやすい原因疾患に焦点をあてて
岡本 賢太郎 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター 総合内科
藤谷 茂樹 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター/聖マリアンナ医科大学 救急医学

3. 急性呼吸不全の画像診断:どのように鑑別疾患を絞り込むか
中本 啓太郎・皿谷 健 杏林大学医学部 呼吸器内科

4. ARDS以外の人工呼吸器管理:閉塞性肺障害および拘束性肺障害を中心に
牧野 淳 Mount Sinai大学病院 集中治療室
讃井 將満 自治医科大学附属さいたま医療センター 集中治療部

第2章 呼吸器疾患各論

5. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患
Part 1:COPD急性増悪
大西 尚 明石医療センター 呼吸器内科
Part 2:気管支喘息重積発作:薬物療法と気道確保の有効性の検討
天谷 文昌 京都第一赤十字病院 麻酔科
橋本 悟 京都府立医科大学 麻酔科・集中治療部

【コラム】気管支喘息重積発作およびCOPD急性増悪に対するステロイド:
エビデンスから考えるその適正量と減量法
瀬尾 龍太郎 神戸市立医療センター中央市民病院 集中治療部
【コラム】COPD急性増悪には全例抗菌薬が必要か?:何を指標として投与を行うか
北薗 英隆 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター 総合内科

6. びまん性肺疾患
Part 1:総論と診断の進め方:実臨床で注目するべきポイント
喜舎場 朝雄 沖縄県立中部病院 呼吸器内科
Part 2:特発性肺線維症の急性増悪の診断と治療:実践可能な方法の検討
一門 和哉 済生会熊本病院 呼吸器科
Part 3:ICUで遭遇する可能性のある特発性肺線維症以外のびまん性肺疾患による急性呼吸不全の診断と治療
小倉 志 神奈川県立循環器呼吸器病センター 呼吸器内科
【コラム】特発性肺線維症の急性増悪に対するPMX-DHP療法:
有用性,安全性,そして今後の展望
橘 和延 国立病院機構近畿中央胸部疾患センター 呼吸器内科,呼吸不全・難治性肺疾患研究部
井上 康 国立病院機構近畿中央胸部疾患センター 呼吸器内科
井上 義一 国立病院機構近畿中央胸部疾患センター 呼吸器内科,呼吸不全・難治性肺疾患研究部
【コラム】特発性肺線維症急性増悪の治療:エビデンス不在の領域
則末 泰博
【コラム】特発性肺線維症の急性増悪により急性呼吸不全をきたした患者は挿管されるべきか?
金城 紀与史 沖縄県立中部病院 総合内科

7. 神経筋疾患─謎の低換気:急性呼吸不全と神経筋疾患
蘇原 慧伶,皿谷 健 杏林大学医学部 呼吸器内科

8. 気管支肺胞洗浄,肺生検:これらは治療方針を変え得るか?
西田 功史 University of Utah Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine

9. 肺高血圧症に伴う右心不全:
その基礎的病態と利用可能なエビデンスに基づく治療の原則
齊藤 茂樹 Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine

10. びまん性肺胞出血:困難な診断・治療に対するエビデンスからの検討
永田 一真・富井 啓介 神戸市立医療センター中央市民病院 呼吸器内科

第3章

11. 急性呼吸不全の鑑別とマネジメント
Part 1:症例ベースで学ぶ急性呼吸不全の初期対応
仁科 有加 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター 総合内科
則末 泰博
Part 2:症例ベースで学ぶ非代償性右心不全
則末 泰博
Part 3:症例ベースで学ぶ治療抵抗性肺炎
北村 浩一・平岡 栄治 東京ベイ・浦安市川医療センター 総合内科

12. 「特集 急性呼吸不全」解説:ARDSという言葉の魔力
則末 泰博

連載
Lefor’s Corner
第9回:Ventilator Management:
Part V. Patient Care after Liberation from the Ventilator
Alan T. Lefor Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University
ICUフェローからのメッセージ
第21回:0から始めるオーストラリア留学
岡田 一宏 St. Vincent’s Hospital ICU
集中治療室目安箱:ナース/ME,私の言い分
第16回:臨床工学技士が集中治療室に常駐する意義について考える
上岡 晃一 東京医科大学病院 臨床工学部
え?知らないの? CRRTの膜素材の特徴
林 久美子 岡山大学病院 高度救命救急センター 臨床工学部
集中治療に関する最新厳選20論文
柳井 真知 聖マリアンナ医科大学 救急医学
藤谷 茂樹 
日本集中治療教育研究会(JSEPTIC)
JSEPTIC-CTG活動報告
第4回:重症急性膵炎に対する局所膵動注療法についての後向き多施設観察研究へのお誘い
堀部 昌靖 多摩総合医療センター 消化器内科
佐々木 満仁 国立がん研究センター中央病院 肝胆膵内科
讃井 將満 JSEPTIC-CTG/自治医科大学附属さいたま医療センター 集中治療部
JSEPTIC簡単アンケート
第10回:感染に起因するDIC,ICUにおけるチーム医療,脳外科ICU
内野 滋彦 東京慈恵会医科大学 麻酔科 集中治療部

Virus-induced exacerbations in asthma and COPD

2013年10月03日 | 医局のソファー
Virus-induced exacerbations in asthma and COPD

Daisuke Kurai*, Takeshi Saraya*, Haruyuki Ishii and Hajime Takizawa


*Correspondence: Daisuke Kurai and Takeshi Saraya,
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818611, Japan


Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and/or airflow limitation due to pulmonary emphysema.
Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchial asthma may all be associated with airflow limitation;
therefore, exacerbation of asthma may be associated with the pathophysiology of COPD. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that
the exacerbation of asthma, namely virus-induced asthma, may be associated with a wide variety of respiratory viruses.
COPD and asthma have different underlying pathophysiological processes and thus require individual therapies.
Exacerbation of both COPD and asthma, which are basically defined and diagnosed by clinical symptoms, is associated with a rapid decline in lung function
and increased mortality. Similar pathogens, including human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and coronavirus,
are also frequently detected during exacerbation of asthma and/or COPD. Immune response to respiratory viral infections, which may be related to
the severity of exacerbation in each disease, varies in patients with both COPD and asthma. In this regard, it is crucial to recognize
and understand both the similarities and differences of clinical features in patients with COPD and/or asthma associated with respiratory viral infections,
especially in the exacerbative stage. In relation to definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, this review aims to summarize current knowledge
concerning exacerbation of both COPD and asthma by focusing on the clinical significance of associated respiratory virus infections.

はじめてのR

2013年10月01日 | 医局のソファー
村井潤一郎 著
  A5判 168頁 定価1680円(本体1600円+税5%)
 ISBN978-4-7628-2820-1 C3033

多機能でありながら無料で使える統計解析ソフト「R」。その利便性からもRによるデータ処理がますます広がっている。
一方,統計学の入門的知識があっても,このソフトに敷居の高さを感じる人は少なくない。
はじめてRに触れる初学者対象に,Rを使っての統計解析の最初の一歩を踏み出すための説明をコンパクトにまとめた。

はじめてのR
 ごく初歩の操作から統計解析の導入まで

もくじ

はじめに

1章 Rのインストール

2章 R Consoleにおける簡単な計算と統計解析
 2-1 2章で学ぶこと
 2-2 簡単な計算
 2-3 簡単な統計解析
 2-4 データの型
 2-5 Rで困ったとき
 2-6 2章で学んだこと

3章 データファイルの読み込み・Rエディタの利用
 3-1 3章で学ぶこと
 3-2 データファイルの作成
 3-3 データファイルの読み込み
 3-4 Rエディタの利用
 3-5 3章で学んだこと

4章 記述統計
 4-1 4章で学ぶこと
 4-2 データファイルの作成
 4-3 データの図表化
   4-3-1 ヒストグラム
   4-3-2 散布図
   4-3-3 度数分布表・棒グラフ・クロス集計表
 4-4 基本統計量の算出
   4-4-1 基本統計量の算出
   4-4-2 属性別算出
 4-5 相関係数の算出
   4-5-1 共分散
   4-5-2 相関係数
   4-5-3 属性別算出
 4-6 欠損値のあるデータの処理
   4-6-1 欠損値のあるデータの作成
   4-6-2 欠損値のあるデータからの平均値の算出
   4-6-3 欠損値のあるデータからの相関係数の算出
 4-7 4章で学んだこと

5章 相関係数の検定・t検定・カイ2乗検定
 5-1 5章で学ぶこと
 5-2 相関係数の検定
 5-3 対応のない場合のt検定
 5-4 対応のある場合のt検定
 5-5 カイ2乗検定
 5-6 5章で学んだこと

6章 分散分析
 6-1 6章で学ぶこと
 6-2 1要因分散分析(対応なし)
 6-3 1要因分散分析(対応あり)
 6-4 1要因分散分析(対応あり)
     ~データの並べ替えを伴う場合
 6-5 2要因分散分析(2要因とも対応なし)
 6-6 2要因分散分析(2要因とも対応あり)
 6-7 2要因分散分析(2要因とも対応あり)
     ~データの並べ替えを伴う場合
 6-8 2要因分散分析(混合計画)
 6-9 2要因分散分析(混合計画)
     ~データの並べ替えを伴う場合
 6-10 アンバランスデザインの分散分析
 6-11 6章で学んだこと

引用文献
索引(事項/関数)
おわりに

Non-syndromic brachydactyly, known as Shamoji-yubi or Mamushi-yubi in Japan

2013年10月01日 | 医局のソファー
BMJ Case Reports 2013; doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-201242
Non-syndromic brachydactyly, known as Shamoji-yubi or Mamushi-yubi in Japan

Takeshi Saraya1, Masae Ariga2, Aika Kato2, Hajime Goto1
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
2Department of General Medicine, Jiundo Naika Hospital, Nerima, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence to
Dr Takeshi Saraya

Description
A 67-year-old previously healthy woman was referred following an annual physical check-up. Physical examination was normal except for a short distal phalanx (SDP) of the right thumb with a broad tip (figure 1A). Furthermore, on the lateral view (figure 1B), the pulp of the right thumb was larger than that of the left, and had the appearance of a viper. Interestingly, her family pedigree showed that the inheritance pattern was a single autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance (figure 2), and individuals had brachydactyly

Evidence for cytomegalovirus-induced haemophagocytic syndrome in a young patient with AIDS

2013年10月01日 | 医局のソファー
BMJ Case Reports 2013; doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200983


Evidence for cytomegalovirus-induced haemophagocytic syndrome in a young patient with AIDS

Kosuke Ohkuma1, Takeshi Saraya1, Mitsuru Sada1, Shin Kawai2

1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
2Department of Infectious Disease, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan

Correspondence to
Dr Takeshi Saraya

Summary
A 29-year-old man with HIV infection was referred to our department because of a 1-month history of low-grade fever and fatigue. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed findings consistent with haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), and immunohistochemical assessment showed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. HIV-associated HPS can occur at any stages of HIV disease and requires diverse differential diagnosis. CMV-associated HPS (CMV-HPS) in patients with HIV infection is relatively rare, but the present case showed that the clinicians should consider the possibility of CMV-HPS as a clinical feature of CMV infection.

Familial summer-type HP in Japan: two case reports and review of the literature

2013年09月17日 | 医局のソファー
Familial summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan: two case reports and review of the literature

Akira Nakajima1, Takeshi Saraya1*, Takeshi Mori2, Reiko Ikeda3, Takashi Sugita3, Takayasu Watanabe1, Masachika Fujiwara4, Hajime Takizawa1 and Hajime Goto1

Abstract
Background
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is defined as an allergic lung disease that occurs in response to inhalation of fungal antigens,
bacterial antigens, chemicals, dusts, or animal proteins. The incidence of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis is higher
in the summer season, especially in Japan, due to the influence of the hot and humid environment and the common style of wood house or old concrete condominiums.

Case presentation
The present report describes a case of a middle-aged married couple who lived in the same house and who simultaneously suffered from
summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This report analyzes these two cases in terms of environmental research and
its microbiological, radiological, and pathological aspects. This case report is followed by
a review of family occurrences of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis from 22 studies with a total of 49 patients
(including the two present cases) in Japan.

Conclusion
Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis may be unrecognized and misdiagnosed as pneumonia or other respiratory diseases.
A greater understanding of the clinical, pathologic, and environmental features of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis
might help improve diagnosis and delivery of appropriate management for this condition.

Keywords: Familial summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis; Climate; Geography; Trichosporon species; Environmental factor

ITBA in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-dermatomyositis Overlap Syndrome

2013年09月17日 | 医局のソファー

Invasive Tracheobronchial Aspergillosis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-dermatomyositis Overlap Syndrome

Mitsuru Sada1), Takeshi Saraya1), Yasutaka Tanaka1), Shinji Sato2), Megumi Wakayama3), Kazutoshi Shibuya3), Takashi Uchiyama4), Hideo Ogata4), Hajime Takizawa1), Hajime Goto1)

A 45-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a 3-month history of dyspnea, polyarthralgia, myalgia and weight loss.
He was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus/dermatomyositis overlap syndrome with lung involvement,
which presented as organizing pneumonia. However, a bronchoscopic examination revealed the presence of
multiple plaque-like white lesions with ulcers on the bronchial membrane, located mainly in the central airway.
The pathological specimens obtained from bronchoscopy showed numerous filamentous fungal hyphae that were
aggressively invading the bronchial walls, suggesting a diagnosis of invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis.
The present case, along with a review of the literature, demonstrates that invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis
can occur in patients who do not appear to be immunosuppressed.
This case of aspergillosis should thus be recognized as an extremely rare presentation of an Aspergillus infection.