米大統領府の管理予算室（OMB）と科学技術政策室（OSTP）の連名でScience and Technology Priorities for the FY2016 Budgetと言う覚書が発出されている。この覚書には、2016年度のR&Dの優先分野が示されている。
本覚書の中で一番のポイントは、技術的なブレイクスルーやイノベーションを引き起こす可能性が高いものの、民間企業が資金配分しにくい分野に連邦政府としてお金と人材を張ることで、予期しない新技術を産み出すことにあると指摘である。日本版DARPAとして注目された「革新的研究開発推進プログラム」(Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technologies)もプログラムマネージャー12名が決まり、プログラムがスタートする。どのような成果が出るのか楽しみではある。個人的にはImPACTは防衛省の技術研究本部に置いてハンドリングすべきとの意見ではある。
「Science and Technology Priorities for the FY2016 Budget」に示されている優先分野は以下の通り。
○未来の先進製造及び産業（Advanced manufacturing and industries of the future）
Advanced manufacturing and industries ofthe future. The Administration is committed to revitalizing America' s manufacturing sector, which will require innovation in the products that are manufactured and the manufacturing systems themselves. Agencies should give priority to those programs that advance the state of the art in manufacturing, with particular emphasis on government-industry-university partnerships and enabling technologies for industries of the future (such as nanotechnology, robotics, materials development, and cyber-physical systems) that benefit multiple sectors, as described in the National Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing.
この分野では、やはり先進製造に関する国家戦略計画（National Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing）と、これに関連するナノテクノロジー、マテリアル開発、サイバーフィジカルシステム、ロボテックスに注目。
○クリーンエネルギー（Clean energy）
Clean energy. The President's all-of-the-above approach to energy includes a goal to lead the world in clean energy. His Climate Action Plan outlines several key objectives in this domain that should be given priority in the 2016 Budget, including promoting American leadership in renewable energy (including manufacturing for these technologies and a modernized electric grid); unlocking innovation in other key clean energy technologies; building a clean and efficient 21 51-century transportation sector; and cutting energy waste in homes, businesses, and factories. In transportation, there is a particular need to reduce the cunent fragmentation of R&D activities and funding and to promote a more cohesive R&D framework that links the capabilities of the Departments of Energy, Defense, and Transportation.
第一期オバマ政権のグリーンニューディールは失敗に終わった。まあ公的資金をばら撒くのに地球環境とか誰も反対できない錦の御旗は重要ではある。
○地球観測（Earth observations）
Earth observations. Earth-observation data_serve as the foundation for services that protect human life, property, the economy, and national security, as well as advancing fundamental understanding of the Earth system. Enhanced interagency coordination is required to ensure adequate observational coverage for public services and Earth-system research and to ensure complementarity and integration of the resulting data. Agencies should participate in the coordination efforts ofthe National Science and Technology Council 's (NSTC) Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability (CENRS) and align their R&D investments with the 2014 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations, and comply with the Executive Order on Open and Machine Readable Data.
2014年の国家地球観測計画（2014 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations）の研究活動と大統領令（Executive Order on Open and Machine Readable Data）に適合する形で連邦政府機関が参画。
○地球規模の気候変動（Global climate change）
Global climate change. Agencies should advance the goals and objectives of the 2012-2021
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Strategic Plan, as well as the complementary science agenda that underpins the President' s Climate Action Plan. In improving the nation's ability to understand, assess, predict and respond to global change, agencies should prioritize activities that strengthen the scientific basis for, as well as the development and use of,actionable science, information, and related tools needed to prepare for and reduce climaterelated risks.
2102～2021年までに実現するべき米国地球変動研究プログラム戦略計画（U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP）Strategic Plan)の目標達成に資する研究開発が優先される。
○情報技術及びハイパフォーマンス・コンピューティング（Information technology and high-performance computing）
Information technology and high-performance computing. Agencies should give priority to investments that address the challenges and opportunities afforded by the expansion of big data to advance agency missions and further scientific discovery and innovation while providing appropriate privacy protections for personal data. Agencies should also prioritize research guided by the Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for Cybersecurity R&D Programs to develop technologies that can protect U.S. systems against cyber-attacks, as well as research to advance technologies for more efficient use of spectrum and cyber-physical systems. Agencies should coordinate with each other and with the private sector to promote innovation in highperformance computing to support national security, scientific discovery, and economic competitiveness.
情報通信分野では、信頼できるサイバー空間、サイバーセキュリティ、ビッグデータに重点が置かれる。
○生命科学、生物学および神経科学におけるイノベーション（Innovation in life sciences, biology, and neuroscience）
Innovation in life sciences, biology, and neuroscience. Agencies should give priority to programs that support fundamental biological discovery research that could generate unexpected, high-impact scientific and technological advances in health, energy, and food security, particularly in platform technologies as described in the Administration's 2012 National Bioeconomy Blueprint (e.g. technologies for the design of biological systems, understanding systems biology, and high-throughput biology),the President's BRAIN Initiative, and the National Strategy for Biosurveillance. Agencies should prioritize research to fulfill the Cross-Agency Priority Goal for Service Members and Veterans Mental Health by suppmting research to identify and develop more effective diagnostic and treatment methodologies and metrics to improve mental health and substance use outcomes.
The Administration is committed to combatting the public health and national security challenges associated with the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Effectively addressing antibiotic resistance will require depmtments and agencies to suppott multi-sectoral efforts that promote new and next-generation antibiotic and diagnostics development, strengthen surveillance for resistance in animals and humans, and enhance antimicrobial stewardship practices in clinical medicine and agriculture. Depmtments and agencies should prioritize funding for the identification and development of new bacterial countermeasures, including engineering the microbiome, use of small molecules as both antibiotics and synergists, novel vaccines, probiotics, and other innovative mechanisms. Agencies should also boost both foundational and translational research and development that leads to rapid, point-of-care diagnostics to determine with certainty whether antibiotics treatment is warranted.
2012年の国家バイオエコノミー・ブループリント（National Bioeconomy Blueprint）、脳BRAINイニシアチブ、国家バイオサーベイランス戦略と保健衛生、食品安全分野に重点が置かれる。またエボラ出血熱やスーパー淋病など抗生物質耐性菌についても力点が置かれる。
○国家安全保障＆国土安全保障（National and homeland security）
National and homeland security. National and Homeland Security and Intelligence mission agencies should invest in science and technology to meet the threats of the future and develop innovative new security capabilities. In order to provide cutting-edge capabilities to meet current and future mission requirements, national security agencies need to support a balanced portfolio of basic and applied research and advanced technology development. In particular, priority should be given to investments to develop capabilities in hypersonics, countering weapons of mass destruction, accelerated training techniques, and handling large data sets for national-security mission requirements.
国家安全保障、国土安全保障、及び諜報活動にかかわる革新的な安全保障能力の開発に関する研究開発に重点が置かれる。
○情報が備わった政策形成とマネジメントのための研究開発（R&D for informed policy-making and management）
R&D for informed policy-making and management. A diverse range of agency missions (e.g. natural resource management protecting health and the environment) benefit from R&D that strengthens the scientific basis for decision-making. Both mission-centered agencies and R&D agencies should focus on user-driven information and tools to ensure science investments more directly support decision-making.
連邦政府機関と研究開発を担う研究機関双方において、研究開発に対する投資を決定する政策立案の支援が可能となるとツールなどに重点が置かれる。
本覚書の中で一番のポイントは、技術的なブレイクスルーやイノベーションを引き起こす可能性が高いものの、民間企業が資金配分しにくい分野に連邦政府としてお金と人材を張ることで、予期しない新技術を産み出すことにあると指摘である。日本版DARPAとして注目された「革新的研究開発推進プログラム」(Impulsing PAradigm Change through disruptive Technologies)もプログラムマネージャー12名が決まり、プログラムがスタートする。どのような成果が出るのか楽しみではある。個人的にはImPACTは防衛省の技術研究本部に置いてハンドリングすべきとの意見ではある。
「Science and Technology Priorities for the FY2016 Budget」に示されている優先分野は以下の通り。
○未来の先進製造及び産業（Advanced manufacturing and industries of the future）
Advanced manufacturing and industries ofthe future. The Administration is committed to revitalizing America' s manufacturing sector, which will require innovation in the products that are manufactured and the manufacturing systems themselves. Agencies should give priority to those programs that advance the state of the art in manufacturing, with particular emphasis on government-industry-university partnerships and enabling technologies for industries of the future (such as nanotechnology, robotics, materials development, and cyber-physical systems) that benefit multiple sectors, as described in the National Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing.
この分野では、やはり先進製造に関する国家戦略計画（National Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing）と、これに関連するナノテクノロジー、マテリアル開発、サイバーフィジカルシステム、ロボテックスに注目。
○クリーンエネルギー（Clean energy）
Clean energy. The President's all-of-the-above approach to energy includes a goal to lead the world in clean energy. His Climate Action Plan outlines several key objectives in this domain that should be given priority in the 2016 Budget, including promoting American leadership in renewable energy (including manufacturing for these technologies and a modernized electric grid); unlocking innovation in other key clean energy technologies; building a clean and efficient 21 51-century transportation sector; and cutting energy waste in homes, businesses, and factories. In transportation, there is a particular need to reduce the cunent fragmentation of R&D activities and funding and to promote a more cohesive R&D framework that links the capabilities of the Departments of Energy, Defense, and Transportation.
第一期オバマ政権のグリーンニューディールは失敗に終わった。まあ公的資金をばら撒くのに地球環境とか誰も反対できない錦の御旗は重要ではある。
○地球観測（Earth observations）
Earth observations. Earth-observation data_serve as the foundation for services that protect human life, property, the economy, and national security, as well as advancing fundamental understanding of the Earth system. Enhanced interagency coordination is required to ensure adequate observational coverage for public services and Earth-system research and to ensure complementarity and integration of the resulting data. Agencies should participate in the coordination efforts ofthe National Science and Technology Council 's (NSTC) Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability (CENRS) and align their R&D investments with the 2014 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations, and comply with the Executive Order on Open and Machine Readable Data.
2014年の国家地球観測計画（2014 National Plan for Civil Earth Observations）の研究活動と大統領令（Executive Order on Open and Machine Readable Data）に適合する形で連邦政府機関が参画。
○地球規模の気候変動（Global climate change）
Global climate change. Agencies should advance the goals and objectives of the 2012-2021
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Strategic Plan, as well as the complementary science agenda that underpins the President' s Climate Action Plan. In improving the nation's ability to understand, assess, predict and respond to global change, agencies should prioritize activities that strengthen the scientific basis for, as well as the development and use of,actionable science, information, and related tools needed to prepare for and reduce climaterelated risks.
2102～2021年までに実現するべき米国地球変動研究プログラム戦略計画（U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP）Strategic Plan)の目標達成に資する研究開発が優先される。
○情報技術及びハイパフォーマンス・コンピューティング（Information technology and high-performance computing）
Information technology and high-performance computing. Agencies should give priority to investments that address the challenges and opportunities afforded by the expansion of big data to advance agency missions and further scientific discovery and innovation while providing appropriate privacy protections for personal data. Agencies should also prioritize research guided by the Trustworthy Cyberspace: Strategic Plan for Cybersecurity R&D Programs to develop technologies that can protect U.S. systems against cyber-attacks, as well as research to advance technologies for more efficient use of spectrum and cyber-physical systems. Agencies should coordinate with each other and with the private sector to promote innovation in highperformance computing to support national security, scientific discovery, and economic competitiveness.
情報通信分野では、信頼できるサイバー空間、サイバーセキュリティ、ビッグデータに重点が置かれる。
○生命科学、生物学および神経科学におけるイノベーション（Innovation in life sciences, biology, and neuroscience）
Innovation in life sciences, biology, and neuroscience. Agencies should give priority to programs that support fundamental biological discovery research that could generate unexpected, high-impact scientific and technological advances in health, energy, and food security, particularly in platform technologies as described in the Administration's 2012 National Bioeconomy Blueprint (e.g. technologies for the design of biological systems, understanding systems biology, and high-throughput biology),the President's BRAIN Initiative, and the National Strategy for Biosurveillance. Agencies should prioritize research to fulfill the Cross-Agency Priority Goal for Service Members and Veterans Mental Health by suppmting research to identify and develop more effective diagnostic and treatment methodologies and metrics to improve mental health and substance use outcomes.
The Administration is committed to combatting the public health and national security challenges associated with the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Effectively addressing antibiotic resistance will require depmtments and agencies to suppott multi-sectoral efforts that promote new and next-generation antibiotic and diagnostics development, strengthen surveillance for resistance in animals and humans, and enhance antimicrobial stewardship practices in clinical medicine and agriculture. Depmtments and agencies should prioritize funding for the identification and development of new bacterial countermeasures, including engineering the microbiome, use of small molecules as both antibiotics and synergists, novel vaccines, probiotics, and other innovative mechanisms. Agencies should also boost both foundational and translational research and development that leads to rapid, point-of-care diagnostics to determine with certainty whether antibiotics treatment is warranted.
2012年の国家バイオエコノミー・ブループリント（National Bioeconomy Blueprint）、脳BRAINイニシアチブ、国家バイオサーベイランス戦略と保健衛生、食品安全分野に重点が置かれる。またエボラ出血熱やスーパー淋病など抗生物質耐性菌についても力点が置かれる。
○国家安全保障＆国土安全保障（National and homeland security）
National and homeland security. National and Homeland Security and Intelligence mission agencies should invest in science and technology to meet the threats of the future and develop innovative new security capabilities. In order to provide cutting-edge capabilities to meet current and future mission requirements, national security agencies need to support a balanced portfolio of basic and applied research and advanced technology development. In particular, priority should be given to investments to develop capabilities in hypersonics, countering weapons of mass destruction, accelerated training techniques, and handling large data sets for national-security mission requirements.
国家安全保障、国土安全保障、及び諜報活動にかかわる革新的な安全保障能力の開発に関する研究開発に重点が置かれる。
○情報が備わった政策形成とマネジメントのための研究開発（R&D for informed policy-making and management）
R&D for informed policy-making and management. A diverse range of agency missions (e.g. natural resource management protecting health and the environment) benefit from R&D that strengthens the scientific basis for decision-making. Both mission-centered agencies and R&D agencies should focus on user-driven information and tools to ensure science investments more directly support decision-making.
連邦政府機関と研究開発を担う研究機関双方において、研究開発に対する投資を決定する政策立案の支援が可能となるとツールなどに重点が置かれる。
