2017年度第１次筆記試験（英語）の【問題５】のパクリ事件
2017年度第１次筆記試験（英語）の【問題５】の「次の用語を英語で説明する場合、最も適切なものはどれか」という問題に、「日本的事象英文説明300選」から「祇園祭」「時代祭」「葵祭」「おでん」「すきやき」「しゃぶしゃぶ」「ちゃんこ鍋」「能」「雅楽」「狂言」「歌舞伎」「文楽」の計12項目が、ズバリ出題されましたが、ここでは、各項目がどのようにパクられたのか、その実態をご紹介いたします。
下記、「問題文」と「300選」の共通部分を赤字で示しました。
●「問題文」の「祇園祭」
It is held in honor of Yasaka-jinja and is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. It is held throughout the month of July and its highlight is the Yama Hoko Junko grand procession.
→「300選」の「祇園祭」
Gion-matsuri, held in honor of Yasaka Shrine, is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. Conducted throughout the month of July, it reaches its high point on the 17th with a parade of floats, some of which carry groups of musicians.
祇園祭は、八坂神社のために催される祭であるが、京都三大祭の一つである。7月いっぱい行われているが、山車の行列が見られる17日に最高潮に達する。山車の中には、囃子方を乗せたものもある。
●「問題文」の「葵祭」
It is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. It takes place at Shimogamo-jinja and Kamigamo-jinja on May 15. The name of the festival comes from the leaves of hollyhock that are used to decorate the heads of the participants in the procession.
→「300選」の「葵祭」
Aoi-matsuri, held in honor of the two Kamo Shrines, is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. The festival is held on May 15. The name of the festival comes from the leaves of the aoi (hollyhock) plant that are used to decorate the heads of the participants in the procession.
葵祭は2つの賀茂神社のために催される祭で、京都三大祭の一つである。葵祭は5月15日に行われる。祭の名称は、行列の参加者の頭部を飾るのに用いられる葵の葉に由来する。
●「問題文」の「時代祭」
It is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. It is held in honor of Heian-jingu in October. Its highlight is a procession of people dressed in costumes representing various periods of Kyoto's 1,100-year history.
→「300選」の「時代祭」
Jidai-matsuri, or "Festival of the Ages," is held in honor of Heian Shrine and is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto. The festival is held on October 22, and its highlight is a procession of people dressed in costumes representing various periods of Kyoto's 1,200-year history.
時代祭は「時代の祭典」であるが、平安神宮のために催される祭で、京都三大祭の一つである。時代祭は10月22日に行われ、見ものは、京都に都が置かれていた1,200年間の様々な時代を象徴する衣装をまとった人々の行列である。
●「問題文」の「おでん」
It is a dish in which a variety of ingredients such as eggs, white radish, fried fish paste are boiled together in a soy sauce based broth. Hot mustard is served as a condiment.
→「300選」の「おでん」
Oden is a dish in which a variety of ingredients such as tofu, eggs, white radish, fried fish paste, and potatoes are boiled together in a large pot of seasoned fish broth. Hot mustard is served as a condiment.
おでんは、豆腐、卵、大根、さつま揚げ、じゃがいもなどの様々な材料を、味をつけた魚のだしが入った大鍋で一緒に煮込んだ料理である。からしが薬味として出される。
●「問題文」の「すきやき」
It is a dish of thinly sliced beef cooked in a special pan with vegetables such as onions, tofu, shiitake mushrooms and other ingredients. This dish is cooked at the table in a broth of soy sauce, sugar, and sake. The cooked materials are dipped in raw egg before eating.
→「300選」の「すきやき」
Sukiyaki is a dish of thinly sliced beef, onions, tofu, and shiitake mushrooms cooked in a pan at the table. Sugar, soy sauce, and sake are added for flavor.
すきやきは、薄切りの牛肉、タマネギ、豆腐、椎茸を食卓に置いた鍋で煮た料理である。味付けには、砂糖、醤油、酒が加えられる。
●「問題文」の「しゃぶしゃぶ」
It is a dish of thinly sliced beef or pork and vegetables cooked in a pan. The ingredients are quickly boiled in broth, and then eaten after being dipped in a special sauce.
→「300選」の「しゃぶしゃぶ」
Shabu-shabu is a dish of thinly sliced beef and vegetables cooked in a pan. The ingredients are quickly boiled in broth, and then eaten after being dipped in a special sauce.
しゃぶしゃぶは、薄切りの牛肉と野菜を鍋で煮た料理である。具はだし汁で素早く煮て、特製のたれをつけてから食べる。
●「問題文」の「ちゃんこ鍋」
It is a dish of a variety of ingredients, such as meat, fish, and vegetables cooked at the table in a large pot. It is famous as the sumo wrestlers' dish.
→「300選」の「ちゃんこ鍋」
Chanko-nabe is famous as a sumo wrestler's dish. A variety of ingredients, such as meat, fish, and vegetables, are cooked at the table in a large pot.
ちゃんこ鍋は力士の料理としてよく知られている。肉、魚、野菜などの様々な材料が食卓に置かれた大鍋で煮られる。
●「問題文」の「能」
It is a traditional dramatic art performed mostly by men to the accompaniment of distinctive narrative chants. It is characterized by highly stylized acting, the masks that the actors wear, elaborate costumes, and simple stage sets.
→「300選」の「能」
Noh is a classical stage art performed mostly by men to the accompaniment of recitative chants called yokyoku and an orchestra consisting of a flute and three types of drums. It is characterized by symbolic, highly stylized acting, and elaborate masks.
能は、謡曲と呼ばれる語り唄、ならびに、笛と3種の太鼓からなる囃子方に合わせて、ほとんど男性だけによって演じられる古典舞台芸術である。能は、象徴的かつ高度に様式化された演技と精巧な面が特徴である。
●「問題文」の「雅楽」
It is a genre of ancient ceremonial music and dances of the Imperial Court. Its performance styles include instrumental music, accompanied dance, and accompanied songs. Its venue includes religious rites of both Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines.
→「300選」の「雅楽」
Gagaku is a genre of the ancient ceremonial dances and music of the Imperial Court. The term bugaku refers to the dances, while kangen refers to the music performed by an ensemble of wind, string, and percussion instruments.
雅楽は、宮廷における古代の儀式で演じられた舞踊と音楽の一ジャンルである。舞楽という用語は舞踏を指し、他方、管弦は、管楽器、弦楽器、打楽器の合奏によりなされる音楽を指す。
●「問題文」の「狂言」
It is a traditional stage art which first developed as an interlude for more serious plays. It features comical stories reflecting everyday conditions of life.
→「300選」の「狂言」
Kyogen is a traditional comic or mime drama which reflects everyday conditions of life. In addition to being performed between the works of a Noh program as an interlude, it is also performed in its own right.
狂言は、日々の生活のありさまを反映させた、伝統的な喜劇や道化芝居である。狂言は、幕間劇として能の演目と演目の間に上演される他に、独立した演劇としても上演される。
●「問題文」の「歌舞伎」
It is a traditional stage drama performed by male actors to the accompaniment of songs and music. It is characterized by exaggerated make-up, elaborate costumes, sophisticated stage sets, and a runway that extends into the audience.
→「300選」の「歌舞伎」
Kabuki is a traditional stage drama performed exclusively by men to the accompaniment of songs and music. It is characterized by a combination of rhythmical words, dancing, elaborate costumes, and stage sets.
歌舞伎は、男性だけによって歌や音楽に合わせて演じられる伝統的な舞台劇である。歌舞伎は、リズミカルな台詞、踊り、凝った衣装、舞台装置の組み合わせが特徴である。
●「問題文」の「文楽」
It is a traditional puppet play performed to the accompaniment of narrative ballads. It is characterized by the closely collaborative form by skillful manipulation of puppets, narrative recitation, and shamisen music.
→「300選」の「文楽」
Bunraku is a classical puppet play performed to the accompaniment of narrative ballads known as joruri. Its charm lies in the harmony of skilled puppeteers and the voices of the joruri singer.
文楽は、浄瑠璃として知られる、音楽を伴う語り唄に合わせて演じられる古典人形劇である。文楽の魅力は、熟達した人形遣いと浄瑠璃語りの唄声のハーモニーにある。
●「日本的事象英文説明300選」の申込み方法
https://blog.goo.ne.jp/gu6970/e/1c2c0c0d82c19d1e7ad24fda018d2154
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