日本と韓国は似たところがおおいが、韓国はLGBTの関しては日本より不寛容なんですかね？
The Psychology of Hate
Why do we hate?
Posted Mar 09, 2017
なぜ、人間は憎むのか？
Behavioral researcher Patrick Wanis, cites the in-group out-group theory, which posits that when we feel threatened by perceived outsiders, we instinctively turn toward our in-group—those with whom we identify—as a survival mechanism. Wanis explains, “Hatred is driven by two key emotions of love and aggression: One love for the in-group—the group that is favored; and two, aggression for the out-group—the group that has been deemed as being different, dangerous, and a threat to the in-group.”
ソト者からの脅威を感じるとウチ向きになり、ソトに対しては攻撃的になるのだ、と。
According to Washington, D.C., clinical psychologist Dana Harron, the things people hate about others are the things that they fear within themselves. She suggests thinking about the targeted group or person as a movie screen onto which we project unwanted parts of the self. The idea is, “I'm not terrible; you are.”
自分の中にあって、自分が恐れている悪いものを相手に投影するのだ、と。自分は悪くない、悪いのは君等だ、と。
The antidote to hate is compassion — for others as well as ourselves. Self-compassion means that we accept the whole self. “If we find part of ourselves unacceptable, we tend to attack others in order to defend against the threat,” says Reedy. “If we are okay with ourselves, we see others’ behaviors as ‘about them’ and can respond with compassion.
自分全部をまるごと受け入れる自分に対する思いやりに欠けると、憎しみに走る。自分の一部を否定し、その脅威から逃れるために他人を憎むようになる、と。
It fills a void
Psychologist Bernard Golden, author of Overcoming Destructive Anger: Strategies That Work, believes that when hate involves participation in a group, it may help foster a sense of connection and camaraderie that fills a void in one’s identity. He describes hatred of individuals or groups as a way of distracting oneself from the more challenging and anxiety-provoking task of creating one’s own identity:
The individual consumed by hate may believe that the only way to regain some sense of power over his or her pain is to preemptively strike out at others.
憎むことによって自分の中の空しさ、痛み、無力感から目を背け、、一時的でも力を得たような充実感を味わえるし、複数で特定のある対象を憎む場合には、その複数の者同士が仲間とつながって連帯感を感じ、孤独感から逃れることができる。
What Can We Do?
Hatred has to be learned, Golden says: “We are all born with the capacity for aggression as well as compassion. Which tendencies we embrace requires mindful choice by individuals, families, communities and our culture in general. The key to overcoming hate is education: at home, in schools, and in the community.”
According to Dutchevici, facing the fear of being vulnerable and utterly human is what allows us to connect, to feel, and ultimately, to love.
憎しみは学習されるもの。攻撃する能力も共感する能力も備わってわれわれは、生まれてくるが、どっちにかたよるかは、個人、家族、地域、文化によるところが大きい。憎しみを克服するには、家庭や、学校、地域での教育が大事。 自分が脆弱であることに対するする不安に真正面から立ち向かうことで、他者とつながり、共感し、また愛することができるようになる、と。
ーーー最初に否定があるわけですね。ソト者の否定、自分の中にあるうちなる悪の否定、自分の中の虚しさや痛み、恐れの否定ーーそこから憎しみが生まれる。
