Mediaについて

Media Bias

SENDHIL MULLAINATHAN
Harvard University - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
ANDREI SHLEIFER
Harvard University - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
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2002

Harvard Institute Research Working Paper No. 1981; MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 02-33


Abstract:
There are two different types of media bias. One bias, which we refer to as ideology, reflects a news outlet's desire to
affect reader opinions in a particular direction. The second
bias, which we refer to as spin, reflects the outlet's attempt
to simply create a memorable story. We examine competition among media outlets in the presence of these biases. Whereas competition can eliminate the effect of ideological bias,
it actually exaggerates the incentive to spin stories.

Keywords: Media Bias


JEL Classifications: D23, L82

Working Paper Series

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Suggested Citation
Mullainathan, Sendhil and Shleifer, Andrei, "Media Bias" (2002). Harvard Institute Research Working Paper No. 1981; MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 02-33. http://ssrn.com/abstract=335800
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.335800

SSRNから紹介を引っ張ってみました

論文がWEBにアップされているということはすごい。
一生退屈しないで生きられるぞ、などと思うのでした。
The Mixed Constitution and the Common Law

DAVID LIEBERMAN
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law (Boalt Hall)
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September 1999

UC Berkeley Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper No. 99-4


Abstract:
The "constitution of England" provided a model for the theory and design of liberal political systems throughout the eighteenth century (as is most clearly but not exclusively evidenced in the case of the political structures created for the states and federal governments in America after 1776). The article surveys the period's most influential interpretations of eighteenth century England's political system; examining, in turn, the constitutional analysis of such major figures as Bolingbroke, Montesquieu, Hume, Blackstone, DeLolme, John Adams and Thomas Paine. The article emphasizes and elucidates two important lines of development within this body of constitutional speculation. First, the shift from the more classical theory of England's mixed constitution to the newer conceptualization of England's separation of political powers. And second, the rival accounts of England's House of Commons, which provided the setting for more general debate concerning the nature of representative assemblies and their relationship to more direct forms of democratic government.

Both these developments came to occupy major importance in modern theories of constitutional democracy.


Working Paper Series

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Suggested Citation
Lieberman, David, "The Mixed Constitution and the Common Law" (September 1999). UC Berkeley Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper No. 99-4. http://ssrn.com/abstract=184708

California Law Review

Abstract:
Robert Dahl's marvelous little book, "How Democratic Is the American Constitution?" (Yale U. Press 2001) explores one of the clearest distinctions between the real and the imagined in American constitutionalism. He easily concludes that our purported democratic cornerstone - the constitutional charter itself - is not unabashedly democratic. Rather, it cabins and disables majority sentiment as it embraces it. It restricts the implementation of public preference as it nods to it. It retains antiquated compromises and processes that inappropriately thwart majority will. Applying democratic standards, Dahl concludes that our constitution is not the best that we can design to enable "politically equal citizens" to govern themselves. Thus, he calls for invigorated "public discussion that penetrates beyond the Constitution as a national icon."

In this essay I take Dahl's challenge to offer a Populist Bill of Rights. Some of the proffered amendments seek to eliminate privileges bestowed on entrenched economic interests - corporations, wealthy political financiers, international commercial enterprises, and the like. Others seek to carry forward and energize existing principles of democratic participation and constitutional accountability. Still others seek to assure, in positive terms, fundamental components of human dignity; or to modify the rankest forms of discrimination against the most vulnerable members of society. As a package, they would take a significant step toward placing the United States government more profoundly on the side of the bottom third. They would adopt a different theory of political power: government exists primarily for those who need it most.

Keywords: Constitutional law, democratic theory, comparative constitutionalism
Suggested Citation
Nichol , Gene R., "Toward a People's Constitution" (October 2002). California Law Review, 2003 http://ssrn.com/abstract=337220

どの席に座るか

どこへ行っても大体真ん中あたりに陣取りをします。
視界に多くのものが入るほうがなんとなく安心します。人の動きや環境の変化によって自分を確定しようとしているのかもしれない。

なぜそんなことを思うのかというと、ここ数日は図書館にこもっているのですが、席をいつもと違う感覚で選んでいることから、いま私はどんな心境なのかとすこしばかり考えたからです。

今座っているのは窓際の隅っこの方。
ＰＣと本、資料などを広げて集中しています。このときに他の人のことは気にしていない。気にしなくても自分自身でいられる。
他者によらなければ確定できない不安定な自己というのが普段なのかとすこし思い当たるわけです。

単純に席の問題ではないのですが、普段と違う私を内省してみました。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ＪＯＨＮＹ

電車でも座るのは真ん中です。