Psychiatric care in Japan violates the Nuremberg Code

Psychiatric care that "forces behavioral restrictions" despite "just correcting" is a violation of the Nuremberg Code

When I worked in clinical psychiatric care, patients who were admitted (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) were prescribed psychotropic drugs in the name of drug therapy without any explanation, and oral treatment began.

They were also sometimes placed in a protective room called an isolation room, and in severe cases, they were physically restrained.

Looking back, I think it was just violence, with no informed consent and forced medical treatment rampant.

This is not just true in psychiatric care, but in all medical care, where "the patient is absent, the parties involved are absent."

To begin with, calling someone a patient is a derogatory term.

They should be someone who is unwell.

And medical treatment should never be provided without the person's request.

I feel this strongly because most people who are admitted to psychiatric hospitals lose their social skills, suffer from the aftereffects of drug therapy, and have their lives taken from them.

A man who was forcibly hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital for 13 years said, "I don't know what to do when people ask me what I want to do." Psychiatric treatment is meant to prevent people from causing trouble to others, so it is "taking away a person's free will." Because people think and act freely, friction arises with society and their families. Psychiatric medicine hypothesizes that this is because "brain dysfunction causes people to be influenced by hallucinations and delusions, which creates problems." Is this really the case? A person's words and actions are certainly determined by the brain. However, this is simply called personality or individuality, and all that is needed is to make personality and character conform to society to a certain extent, that is, to correct it. Psychiatric medicine takes issue with "not being able to make sound decisions due to delusions and hallucinations." When creating something new, it is created based on ideas that have not existed in society until then. This is why it could be called creativity, but psychiatry does not accept it at all. Although they only need to be "corrected," they are "forced to restrict their behavior."

"They have delusions and cannot work," "They have auditory hallucinations and cannot live well with their family."

The conclusion that psychiatry has reached is "isolation and confinement," and psychiatric hospitals have been given the go ahead by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to "make a profit by confining people in isolation."

And while hospitalized, they "don't have to work or study," and "have three meals and naps." However, they live within the limits of what is permitted under restrictions on behavior, movement, visitation, and economic activity.

In a sense, it's a life similar to that of an animal in a zoo.

Because there is no established treatment for mental illness, they need to be treated until they die (until a cure is developed), so they are hospitalized until they die. (There is no discussion about whether mental illness is a disease in the first place.)

For example, is there a difference between mental illness and crime?

In society, if people live according to their desires like animals, it will disrupt social order, so laws exist.

The police just crack down on people who violate those laws.

Although it should be a black and white world, "it's not against the law, but it was created to exclude people who think differently from us."

It is a mental illness that labels people as having abnormal thoughts and values.

It is a mental disorder that labels people as having abnormal values ​​and values.

It would be a violation of human rights to say that they are acting based on delusions, so they connect them to psychiatry and isolate them.

In other words, it is a police organization.

It is a violation of human rights, calling it a medical procedure and violating human rights against the will of the person, calling it "for the patient's sake."

Moreover, it is a treatment that has no therapeutic effect.

When you get down to it, medical care is a human rights issue.

It takes away the free will to ask "how do you want to live?" for the reason that "it's a medical procedure, for your own good."

Psychiatric care is a clear example of this.

Finally, I would like to talk about the Nuremberg Code.

From here on, I think only those who are interested should read on.

The biggest problem with the COVID-19 pandemic right now is not the infection itself, but the human rights violations caused by infection control measures.

This is a summary of the medical care, human experimentation, and human rights violations that underpin this.

Eugenics became popular in Nazi Germany (Aryan Jews),

and human experiments were conducted using the practice of medicine.

They carried out horrific human experiments under the pretext of "improving the health of humanity."

In response to this, guidelines for medical ethics were created at the Nuremberg Trials during World War II, and came to be called the Nuremberg Code.

In response to the Nuremberg Code in Helsinki, Finland in 1964, the World Medical Association clarified medical ethics regarding human experimentation.

However, this was not international law, but merely a guideline calling for a global common understanding of medical ethics and ways of thinking about human experimentation.

By the way, what happened to the doctors who were found guilty of violating the Nuremberg Code?

・・・ ... The hangings were carried out at Landsberg Prison on June 2, 1948. The defendants who were given life sentences and prison sentences were later reduced from 20 years to around 10 years.

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What kind of human experiments did Nazi Germany conduct?

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(Part 3: Human Experiments in Nazi Germany and the Nuremberg Code

This time, we will look back on the historical facts surrounding the human experiments conducted by Nazi German doctors and the so-called "Nuremberg Code," the standard by which they were judged. I. The court and the charges -- what did they do?)

The charges for the second point, "war crimes," and the third point, "crimes against humanity," included the human experiments and other matters described below.

(A) Ultra-high altitude experiments
The German Air Force's newly developed fighter planes were able to fly higher than British fighters, and could reach altitudes of up to 18,000m, but the question was whether pilots could withstand the low air pressure at such altitudes. The low-pressure experiments, equivalent to altitudes of over 12,000m, had to be suspended because they caused significant pain to volunteers. So, with the permission of R. Brandt, Deputy Chief of the SS, Air Force Surgeon Captain Dr. S. Rascher, Dr. S. Ruff and Dr. H. W. Romberg of the German Aviation Experimental Institute, conducted experiments from March to August 1942 in which prisoners from the Dachau concentration camp were placed in a low-pressure laboratory and exposed to low air pressure equivalent to an altitude of 20,000m. Approximately 80 Jewish, Polish and Russian prisoners died in this experiment. The progress of the experiment was recorded in detail, and the bodies were dissected. Those subjects who barely survived suffered from severe aftereffects.

(B) Hypothermia Experiments

Pilots who were shot down in aerial combat and escaped by parachute and fell into the North Sea could freeze to death from exposure to cold seawater. German Air Force Surgeon Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Wertz, in cooperation with Rascher, conducted experiments to revive hypothermic humans at the Dachau concentration camp from around August 1942 to around May 1943. Prisoners were either put in cold-resistant flight suits and immersed in a tank of ice water for three hours, or exposed naked to the freezing outdoors for nine to 14 hours, after which their bodies were warmed by various methods. The subjects' temperatures were measured and blood samples were taken, and autopsies were also performed on those who died. As for the method of warming, in addition to immersion in hot water, SS Field Marshal Himmler ordered the bringing in of four Roma (so-called "Gypsy") female prisoners from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, who were then forced to strip naked and place the subjects between two of them to be warmed by their body heat. This experiment claimed the lives of about 90 prisoners.

The results of the experiment were presented at a medical conference held in Nuremberg in October 1942 by Rascher under the title "Prevention and Treatment of Hypothermia" and by Welz under the title "Rewarming after Dangerous Cooling".

(C) Malaria Experiments
In this experiment, which was also conducted at the Dachau concentration camp from around February 1942 to around 1945, more than 1,000 prisoners were artificially infected with malaria by being bitten by contaminated mosquitoes or injected with an extract from mosquito mucus glands, and were used to test various preventive and therapeutic drugs. A Catholic priest was among the subjects. Thirty people died of malaria, and 300 to 400 died from side effects and complications of the medicine.

(D) Poison Gas Experiments
These experiments were conducted at various concentration camps, including Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler, from September 1939 to April 1945, to develop an effective treatment for burns caused by poison gas (mustard gas), known as "Rost." The gas was applied to the skin of the subjects, and they suffered severe burns all over their bodies, some of whom became blind or died. The subjects' wounds and recovery were photographed daily, and those who died were dissected. Photographs of the subjects and their organs removed during the dissections were published in a photo book.

(E) Sulfa Drug Treatment Experiments
These experiments were conducted at the Ravensbrück concentration camp from around July 1942 to around September 1943 to see how effective sulfanilamide (a sulfa drug) would be for treating wounds on the battlefield. Subjects were given cuts on their legs, and wood chips and broken glass were rubbed into the wounds, and after a few days, treatment was attempted with sulfa drugs. To simulate a gunshot wound, blood vessels above and below the wound were ligated to cut off blood circulation and cause gas gangrene infection. Subjects either died or suffered severe aftereffects.

(F) Experiments on bone, muscle, and nerve regeneration, and bone grafting
Also conducted at the Ravensbrück concentration camp from about September 1942 to about December 1943, experiments were conducted on bones, muscles, and nerves from female prisoners to see if they would regenerate, and on transplanting shoulder blades into other people. In reality, these were meaningless experiments that had no scientific purpose and simply caused the subjects great pain.

(G) Seawater drinking experiment
This was an experiment conducted at the Dachau concentration camp in July 1944 at the request of the German Air Force and Navy, to make seawater drinkable in an emergency. The subjects were given the same meager rations as when they were shipwrecked and divided into four groups. The first group was given no liquids at all. The second group was given only regular seawater. The third group was given seawater with the salt content hidden, but still salty. The fourth group was given seawater with the salt removed. Roma people, Jews, and political prisoners were used as subjects, and some suffered severe pain and death.

(H) Epidemic Jaundice (Hepatitis) Experiments

From about July 1943 to January 1945, experiments were conducted at the Sachsenhausen and Nazweiler concentration camps to study the causes of epidemic jaundice (hepatitis) and vaccination. The subjects, including 11 Jewish children, were infected with hepatitis and had their livers punctured, resulting in death or severe pain.

(I) Sterilization Experiments

These experiments, conducted from around March 1941 to around January 1945 at Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and other concentration camps, were aimed at developing a simple method for sterilizing large numbers of Russians, Poles, Jews and others at low cost and without them being noticed. Thousands of people were sterilized through X-rays, surgery and drugs, and suffered from side effects.

(J) Experiments with typhus and other diseases

Experiments with typhus were conducted at the Buchenwald and Natzweiler camps from around December 1941 to around February 1945. In experiments to test the effectiveness of vaccines and drugs, 75% of the subjects were given the vaccine or drug and were infected with typhus three to four weeks later. The remaining 25% of the subjects served as the "control group" and were infected with typhus without any preventive measures. Not only that, many healthy prisoners were infected with typhus simply to make a medium for the typhus virus, and more than 90% of them died. Hundreds of people fell victim to this experiment. Experiments with yellow fever, smallpox, paratyphoid, cholera, and diphtheria were also conducted.

(K) Poison Experiments

Experiments to examine the effects of various poisons were conducted at Buchenwald concentration camp around December 1943 and around October 1944. Poison was secretly mixed into the food of Russian prisoners, and those who died or survived were killed for dissection. There is a report of an experiment in September 1944 in which five prisoners were shot with bullets filled with poison, and three of them died of the poison, except for two who were penetrated by the bullets.

(L) Incendiary Bomb Treatment Experiments

Experiments to treat burns caused by incendiary bombs were conducted at Buchenwald concentration camp from around November 1943 to January 1944. In November 1943, five subjects were burned with phosphorus extracted from British incendiary bombs, causing them great pain.

(M) Jewish bone specimen collection

SS Colonel W. Sievers appealed to Field Marshal Himmler through R. Brand in February 1942 about the academic need to make a skull specimen of the Jewish race, and requested that Jewish Communist prisoners be used for this purpose. Himmler told him to use prisoners from the Auschwitz concentration camp, not prisoners from the Eastern Front. As a result, 112 Jews were selected, photographed, and killed after having their body parts measured. The bodies were sent to the University of Strasbourg for dissection, and after various tests and measurements of organs, they were made into complete skeletons and added to the bone specimen collection of the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Strasbourg.

(N) Mass murder of Polish tuberculosis patients

Between March 1942 and January 1944, in order to protect the health of Germans living in occupied Poland, Poles deemed to have tuberculosis were killed or forced into camps with few treatment facilities. As a result, tens of thousands of Polish civilians and soldiers died of tuberculosis.

(0) "Euthanasia" of the disabled

Between September 1939 and April 1945, mass murders of people considered to be "worthless," including the disabled, elderly, terminally ill, and deformed children, were carried out in Germany and the occupied territories. This murder program, called "euthanasia," was carried out in nursing homes, hospitals, and facilities using gas, injections, and other methods, and the surviving families were told that the victims had died of natural causes or illness. The doctors who carried out the "euthanasia" were eventually sent to occupied areas in the east to eliminate Jews.

（「矯正すればいいだけ」なのに「行動制限を強制する」精神科医療はニュルンベルク綱領違反　2022年02月01日より翻訳）