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Chapter 30: Judgment on Egypt and Its Allies (30:1-19)
1. judgment on Egypt and its allies
ãFollowing chapter 29, two prophecies concerning Egypt are mentioned. The third prophecy is undated (1-19), and the fourth prophecy is dated to the seventh day of the first month of the eleventh year (April 587 BC) (20-26). Since the fourth prophecy is three months after the first (29:1), the third prophecy was probably spoken during that time. And this prophecy seems to coincide with the prophecy against Tyre (26:1).
ãWe will now turn to the third prophecy, verse 3, the central theme of which is the coming of the "Day of the Lord. The place name "Cush" in verses 4, 5, and 9 refers to Ethiopia. Ptah" is a place on the Mediterranean coast west of Egypt, and "Rude" is Rudea, in Lesser Aziah. The "people of all the mixtures" may refer to the foreign tribes sojourning in Egypt (Jeremiah 25:20). It is unclear to which nation "Kub" (v. 5) refers. At any rate, what is being said here is that not only Egypt but also these allies of Egypt will be judged together.
Next, beginning with verse 12, the major cities of Egypt are named and told that they will be judged by the Lord. In verse 13, "Memphis," the capital of Lower Egypt, was translated as "Nof" in the Shinkai-yaku Version. Zoan" refers to Tanis, a major town in the eastern Nile River delta. Thebes" is a city that has been frequently made the capital of Egypt throughout its long history, and as can be seen from the notes outside the column, the original Hebrew text has "No." The third edition of the New Revised Version translated it literally as "No," but this was corrected to Thebes in the New Revised 2017. Thebes is a town at the southern tip of Egypt, thought to be the modern-day Karnak and Luxor; verse 15, "Sin," is a fortified town on the Mediterranean coast in northeastern Egypt. Where Thebes and Sin are mentioned in combination, it is apparently intended to say that God's judgment will extend over all of Egypt, from the southern end to the northern end; verse 17, "On," is "Heliopolis" in the Greek Septuagint, and if so, it is the oldest city of the sun god in Egypt. However, the New Revised 2017 does not interpret it that way. If you look inside the column, you will see that the original Hebrew word is "Aven". It is probably the name of a place whose location at the time is not yet known. Pi Betheth is modern-day Basta, a town northeast of Cairo, whose name means "city of idols in the image of cats," both of which are pagan in nature. Finally, Tahpanhes is the transportation hub of northeastern Egypt. All are major cities in Egypt, and most of the major cities in Egypt are attacked by Nebuchadnezzar. So when our allies are destroyed, we say.
2. hand over my sword
The year before the fourth prophecy (vv. 20-26) was made, i.e., the year before April 587 BC, Pharaoh Hophra attempted to rescue Jerusalem in response to Zedekiah's request. So the Babylonian army retreated once. However, they came again and defeated the Egyptian army. Pharaoh was then assassinated in Egypt's civil war, and Egypt was weakened and invaded by the Babylonian army. In verse 25, Ezekiel delivered the word of God that "the arm of Babylon shall be strengthened, and the arm of Pharaoh shall be made to hang down," and this is exactly what happens.
Perhaps the important point is verse 25, where God states that He will give His sword to the king of Babylon. It is not by the work of powerful men that history is set in motion. It is because there is a God who gives swords to men and gives them power. To believe in God is not simply to be religious. It may appear that way on the surface, but in reality it is about being able to recognize the God who moves society and history. It is said that the reason why the word "holy" in the Bible is read as "hijiri" in Japanese is because a saint is a person who knows what is wrong (hi means wrong and jiri means know, it’s a kind of wordpray). When a person recognizes his or her limitations, inadequacies, and incompetence, humbles himself or herself, and looks up to God, that is what a hijiri, or saint, is. It is true that no matter how good a person is, his or her power is limited. To believe in God is to live trusting that there is a God who can give strength to men by passing a sword to them, but that God is also a God of love and sincerity. I wish you a good day today.
<Quiz Corner
First, yesterday's quiz. Which word is appropriate to describe all of Egypt? (1) Migdol to Sebene, (2) Dan to Beersheba, (3) Hokkaido to Okinawa. The answers were (1) Migdol to Sebene and Kush. Incidentally, (2) Dan to Beersheba is a word that describes all of Israel. Now, here is today's Bible quiz. Which of the following cities is located in southern Egypt? (1) Thebes, (2) Memphis, and (3) Sin. The answer will be given tomorrow. I wish you a good day today.