CIVIL LIBERTIES
Sorry Conservatives, New Research from Harvard Shows a Profound Amount of Racism by Police…Not Less of It
Don't believe the right-wing spin about Harvard's damning study that illustrates how cops target blacks.
By Chauncey DeVega / Salon July 16, 2016
ハーバートの調査結果では、黒人のほうが白人より警官に発砲されにくい、と。
ただ、これにはすぐに反論記事がでています。
Sorry Conservatives, New Research from Harvard Shows a Profound Amount of Racism by Police…Not Less of It
Don't believe the right-wing spin about Harvard's damning study that illustrates how cops target blacks.
By Chauncey DeVega / Salon July 16, 2016
Mr. Fryer focused on one city, Houston. The Police Department there let the researchers look at reports not only for shootings but also for arrests when lethal force might have been justified. Mr. Fryer defined this group to include encounters with suspects the police subsequently charged with serious offenses like attempting to murder an officer, or evading or resisting arrest. He also considered suspects shocked with Tasers.
Mr. Fryer found that in such situations, officers in Houston were about 20 percent less likely to shoot if the suspects were black. This estimate was not precise, and firmer conclusions would require more data. But in various models controlling for different factors and using different definitions of tense situations, Mr. Fryer found that blacks were either less likely to be shot or there was no difference between blacks and whites.
There were 1.6 million arrests in Houston in the years Mr. Fryer studied. Officers fired their weapons 507 times. What is far more common are nonlethal uses of force.
And in these uses of force, Mr. Fryer found racial differences, which is in accord with public perception and other studies.
In New York City, blacks stopped by the police were about 17 percent more likely to experience use of force, according to stop-and-frisk records kept between 2003 and 2013. (In the later year, a judge ruled that the tactic as employed then was unconstitutional.)
That gap, adjusted for suspect behavior and other factors, was surprisingly consistent across various levels of force. Black suspects were 18 percent more likely to be pushed up against a wall, 16 percent more likely to be handcuffed without being arrested and 18 percent more likely to be pushed to the ground.
Social science is cumulative and iterative. For example, Freyer’s conclusions about police use of lethal force will have to be reconciled relative to work by Cody Ross which shows that America’s cops are at least 3 times more likely to shoot unarmed black people than they are unarmed whites. Likewise, social psychologists and others have demonstrated that subconscious racism-implicit bias influences police to shoot black people faster than whites.
If Freyer’s conclusions are correct, then while police may be less willing to use lethal force against a black person in a given encounter, there are so many encounters because of racial profiling or other causes that the country’s police are still killing black people at much higher rates than whites.
今回の調査は、警官を殺害しようとした場合や逮捕に抵抗した場合など、警察官の拳銃使用が正当化されるような場合についてのヒューストンでの調査である。
しかし、今回の調査でも、拳銃など致命的な武器を使用しない暴力に関しては黒人のほうがひどく処遇されている。
また、他の調査では、丸腰の黒人のほうが丸腰の白人より３倍も多く発砲されやすいという結果もでている。
そもそも、警官による殺害数は、黒人のほうが白人より多いわけだから、仮に、今回の調査結果が正しいとすれば、警官による人種差別がひどくて、黒人が警官に絡まれ、警官を殺害しようとしたり、逮捕に抵抗しようと発展してしまったケースが極端に多い、ということではないか、と。
