関西方面で、新型インフルエンザが、かなりひろがっているようですね。
CDC(国立感染症センター)のサイトから、大切な部分をひろってみました。
What You Can Do to Stay Healthy
• Stay informed. This website will be updated regularly as information becomes available.
• Influenza is thought to spread mainly person-to-person through coughing or sneezing of infected people.
• Take everyday actions to stay healthy.
o Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
o Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hands cleaners are also effective.
o Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread that way.
o Stay home if you get sick. CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.
• Follow public health advice regarding school closures, avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures.
• Find healthy ways to deal with stress and anxiety.
• Call 1-800-CDC-INFO for more information.
今日は、私たちができる範囲でインフルエンザにかからないようにする方法を、復習してみましょう。
CDC(国立感染症情報センター)によりますと、
① 咳や、くしゃみをする時は、ティッシュで、口や鼻を覆いましょう。ティッシュはゴミ箱に捨てること
② 咳や、くしゃみをしたあとは、石鹸とお水で手洗いをしましょう。サニタイザーも同様に効果的。
③ 目や、鼻や、口を触らないようにしましょう。そうやって感染が広がるんですよ。
④ 病気にかかったら、外に出ないように。うちにいることで、他の人にうつすチャンスを減らしましょう。
Detailed background information and recommendations regarding the use of masks and respirators in non-occupational community settings can be found on PandemicFlu.gov in the document Interim Public Health Guidance for the Use of Facemasks and Respirators in Non-Occupational Community Settings during an Influenza Pandemic .
Information on the effectiveness of facemasks1 and respirators2 for the control of influenza in community settings is extremely limited. Thus, it is difficult to assess their potential effectiveness in controlling swine influenza A (H1N1) virus transmission in these settings. In the absence of clear scientific data, the interim recommendations below have been developed on the basis of public health judgment and the historical use of facemasks and respirators in other settings.
In areas with confirmed human cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, the risk for infection can be reduced through a combination of actions. No single action will provide complete protection, but an approach combining the following steps can help decrease the likelihood of transmission. These actions include frequent handwashing, covering coughs, and having ill persons stay home, except to seek medical care, and minimize contact with others in the household. Additional measures that can limit transmission of a new influenza strain include voluntary home quarantine of members of households with confirmed or probable novel influenza A (H1N1) cases, reduction of unnecessary social contacts, and avoidance whenever possible of crowded settings.
この新型インフルエンザの患者の出た地域で、いったんインフルエンザの症状がでたら、感染を防ぐのに、ひとつの方法が有効と言うことはありません。頻繁な手洗い、咳をするときにカバーする、医者に行く以外はうちにいる、そして、他の家族とのコンタクトを最低に抑えるなどの複数の方法を採用しなければいけません。
顔マスクや、レスピレーターマスク(N95)の着用を奨励しているのは以下の場合です。
① 新型インフルエンザの蔓延している地域で、ハイリスクにあたる人(例えば、慢性疾患を抱えている人、5歳以下の子供、65歳以上の人、妊娠中の女性)が、人の集まるところへ行く時。慢性疾患とは、喘息、糖尿病,心臓疾患など
② 病院や、クリニック以外での感染率は、低いとみなされているので、顔マスクや、レスピレーターマスク(N95)は一般に奨励されない。
③ 危険な感染距離は、1メートル(WHO)から、1、82メートル(6フィート)(OSHA)の間とみなされている。
④ N95の着用は、感染している人とのコンタクトが避けられない場合や、呼吸器系の疾患を患っている家族の世話をしなければならない場合に、奨励される。
⑤ インフルエンザの症状のある人は、うちから出ないで、人とのコンタクトをできるだけ避けなければならないが、一人でいないときや、公の場にでなければならない時は、マスクの着用をする。
When close contact3 with others cannot be avoided, the use of facemasks1 or respirators2 in areas where transmission of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has been confirmed should be considered as follows:
1. Persons who are at high risk of complications from novel influenza A (H1N1) infection (for example, persons with certain chronic medical conditions, children less than 5 years, persons 65 or older, and pregnant women) should consider their risk of exposure to novel influenza if they attend public gatherings in communities where novel influenza A virus is circulating. In communities with several reported cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, persons who are at risk of complications from influenza should consider staying away from public gatherings.
2. Based on currently available information, for non-healthcare settings where frequent exposures to persons with novel influenza A (H1N1) are unlikely, masks and respirators are not recommended.
3. Persons who are ill with influenza-like symptoms should stay home and limit contact with others as much as possible. When not alone or in a public place, protect others by wearing facemasks1 to reduce the number of droplets coughed or sneezed into the air and the time spent in crowded settings should be as short as possible.
4. Respirators2 should be considered for use by individuals for whom close contact with an infectious person is unavoidable. This can include selected individuals who must care for a sick person (e.g., family member with a respiratory infection) at home.
These interim recommendations will be revised as new information about the use of facemasks and respirators in the current setting becomes available.
For more information about human infection with swine influenza virus, visit the CDC H1N1 Flu website.
1 Unless otherwise specified, the term "facemasks" refers to disposable masks cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as medical devices. This includes facemasks labeled as surgical, dental, medical procedure, isolation, or laser masks. Such facemasks have several designs. One type is affixed to the head with two ties, conforms to the face with the aid of a flexible adjustment for the nose bridge, and may be flat/pleated or duck-billed in shape. Another type of facemask is pre-molded, adheres to the head with a single elastic band, and has a flexible adjustment for the nose bridge. A third type is flat/pleated and affixes to the head with ear loops. Facemasks cleared by the FDA for use as medical devices have been determined to have specific levels of protection from penetration of blood and body fluids.
2 Unless otherwise specified, "respirator" refers to an N95 or higher filtering facepiece respirator certified by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
3 Three feet has often been used by infection control professionals to define close contact and is based on studies of respiratory infections; however, for practical purposes, this distance may range up to 6 feet. The World Health Organization uses "approximately 1 meter"; the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration uses "within 6 feet." For consistency with these estimates, this document defines close contact as a distance of up to 6 feet.
Symptoms
The symptoms of this new H1N1 flu virus in people are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this new H1N1 virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting. The high risk groups for novel H1N1 flu are not known at this time but it’s possible that they may be the same as for seasonal influenza. People at higher risk of serious complications from seasonal flu include people age 65 years and older, children younger than 5 years old, pregnant women, people of any age with chronic medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), and people who are immunosuppressed (e.g., taking immunosuppressive medications, infected with HIV).
新型インフルエンザの症状は、ご存知のように、季節型インフルエンザのものと、ほぼ同じです。発熱、咳、、喉の痛み、鼻水や鼻づまり、頭痛、悪寒、疲労感、など。そして、たくさんの患者が下痢や嘔吐も訴えています。
Avoid Contact With Others
If you are sick, you may be ill for a week or longer. You should stay home and avoid contact with other persons, except to seek medical care. If you leave the house to seek medical care, wear a mask or cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue. In general you should avoid contact with other people as much as possible to keep from spreading your illness. At the current time, CDC believes that this virus has the same properties in terms of spread as seasonal flu viruses. With seasonal flu, studies have shown that people may be contagious from one day before they develop symptoms to up to 7 days after they get sick. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.
他の人に感染する期間は、症状の出る一日前から、症状がでてから7日ということです。けれども、小さい子供たちの場合は特に、7日より長い期間、感染する可能性があります。