とうとうやってきた、この日
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。あら、近いのね
…などと思いながら、いつ着くのか心待ちにしつつ仕事、仕事…。！…といっても、それは自宅の話…
。帰るまでLeopardはお預けです
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WNIによりますと、10月26日(金)午前9時頃、南大東島の南海上で台風20号ファクサイ(ラオス語で女性の名前)が発生したそうです。iLife サポート 8.1.1 10.3 MB
このアップデートは、iLife '08 アプリケーションで共有されるシステム・ソフトウェア・コンポーネントをサポートし、全体的な安定性を向上させ、その他の小さな問題を修正し、互換性全般に関する問題にも対処します。「iLife '08」のすべてのユーザに、このアップデートを推奨します。
。。なんじゃ、その態度の違いは？
。これなら返事くれるんかい？え？S爺さんよぉ。
ついにやってきました！明日はMac OS X 10.5 Leopardの発売日です！。もうね、一人で勝手に準備万端です。！
Within a polymer film, free-volume elements such as pores and channels typically have a wide range of sizes and topologies. This broad range of free-volume element sizes compromises a polymer's ability to perform molecular separations. We demonstrated free-volume structures in dense vitreous polymers that enable outstanding molecular and ionic transport and separation performance that surpasses the limits of conventional polymers. The unusual microstructure in these materials can be systematically tailored by thermally driven segment rearrangement. Free-volume topologies can be tailored by controlling the degree of rearrangement, flexibility of the original chain, and judicious inclusion of small templating molecules. This rational tailoring of free-volume element architecture provides a route for preparing high-performance polymers for molecular-scale separations.# 二酸化炭素レベルの分子とメタンレベルの分子を分子量の差で分画できるスポンジ…
In programmed cell death, a large number of cells undergo apoptosis, and are engulfed by macrophages to avoid the release of noxious materials from the dying cells. In definitive erythropoiesis, nuclei are expelled from erythroid precursor cells and are engulfed by macrophages. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells and on the nuclei expelled from erythroid precursor cells; it works as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Phosphatidylserine is also expressed on the surface of exosomes involved in intercellular signalling. Here we established a library of hamster monoclonal antibodies against mouse peritoneal macrophages, and found an antibody that strongly inhibited the phosphatidylserine-dependent engulfment of apoptotic cells. The antigen recognized by the antibody was identified by expression cloning as a type I transmembrane protein called Tim4 (T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule; also known as Timd4). Tim4 was expressed in Mac1+ cells in various mouse tissues, including spleen, lymph nodes and fetal liver. Tim4 bound apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine via its immunoglobulin domain. The expression of Tim4 in fibroblasts enhanced their ability to engulf apoptotic cells. When the anti-Tim4 monoclonal antibody was administered into mice, the engulfment of apoptotic cells by thymic macrophages was significantly blocked, and the mice developed autoantibodies. Among the other Tim family members, Tim1, but neither Tim2 nor Tim3, specifically bound phosphatidylserine. Tim1- or Tim4-expressing Ba/F3 B cells were bound by exosomes via phosphatidylserine, and exosomes stimulated the interaction between Tim1 and Tim4. These results indicate that Tim4 and Tim1 are phosphatidylserine receptors for the engulfment of apoptotic cells, and may also be involved in intercellular signalling in which exosomes are involved.# スクラップ対象を見分けるタンパク質ですか
…パーキンソン病患者にニコレットやニコチンパッチってのもありですか？Here we report experimental results for a carbon nanotube (CNT) based amplitude-modulated (AM) demodulator for modulation frequencies up to 100 kHz. Further, the CNT based demodulator was successfully demonstrated in an actual AM radio receiver operating at a carrier frequency of 1 GHz and capable of demodulating high-fidelity audio. The demodulation originates from the nonlinear current-voltage (IDS vs VDS) characteristic of the CNT, which induces rectification of a portion of the applied RF signal. By properly biasing the CNT such that the operating point is centered on the maximum nonlinear portion of the I-V curve, one can maximize the demodulation effect. This represents a simple application of carbon nanotubes and nanotechnology to the wireless realm.# 「アメリカ化学会に掲載する研究報告書」…一応、論文なんですけど…
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia, characterized by the clonal expansion of immature myeloblasts initiating from rare leukemic stem (LS) cells. To understand the functional properties of human LS cells, we developed a primary human AML xenotransplantation model using newborn nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient/interleukin (NOD/SCID/IL)2rγnull mice carrying a complete null mutation of the cytokine γc upon the SCID background. Using this model, we demonstrated that LS cells exclusively recapitulate AML and retain self-renewal capacity in vivo. They home to and engraft within the osteoblast-rich area of the bone marrow, where AML cells are protected from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Quiescence of human LS cells may be a mechanism underlying resistance to cell cycle–dependent cytotoxic therapy. Global transcriptional profiling identified LS cell–specific transcripts that are stable through serial transplantation. These results indicate the potential utility of this AML xenograft model in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at LS cells.# 白血病幹細胞をどう叩くかが再発防止の鍵みたいです
The highly conserved RCN family of proteins regulates the serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin, which is required for the expression of genes involved in Ca2+-dependent processes, such as the control of memory, apoptosis, T cell activation, cell cycle, Ca2+-homeostasis, and skeletal and cardiac muscle growth and differentiation. However, RCNs regulate calcineurin through two paradoxical actions: they act as feedback inhibitors of calcineurin, whereas their phosphorylation stimulates calcineurin. Here we show that phosphorylation of yeast RCN, Rcn1, triggers degradation through the SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex. Degradation of phosphorylated Rcn1 is required to mitigate inhibition of calcineurin by Rcn1 and results in activation of calcineurin activity in response to Ca2+ as well as in reactivation of calcineurin in response to changes in Ca2+ concentration. The SCFCdc4-dependent degradation required phosphorylation of Rcn1 by Mck1, a member of the GSK3 family of protein kinases, and was promoted by Ca2+. However, such degradation was counteracted by dephosphorylation of Rcn1, which was promoted by Ca2+-stimulated calcineurin. Thus, calcineurin activity is fine-tuned to Ca2+ signals by mechanisms that have opposite functions. Our results identify the molecular mechanism of Rcn1 phosphorylation-induced stimulation of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin. The results provide insight into the mechanism involved in maintaining proper responses to Ca2+ signals.# カルシニューリンのフィードバック阻害剤であるRcn1のリン酸化したものが分解されることで制御されているそうな
We report a mechanism to induce combined and long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity to several mouse tumors. Surprisingly, the initial source of antigen is a single low dose of tumor cells loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) glycolipid (tumor/Gal) but lacking co-stimulatory molecules. After tumor/Gal injection intravenously (i.v.), innate NKT and NK cells reject the tumor cells, some of which are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs in turn cross-present glycolipid on CD1d molecules to NKT cells and undergo maturation. For B16 melanoma cells loaded with α-GalCer (B16/Gal), interferon γ–producing CD8+ T cells develop toward several melanoma peptides, again after a single low i.v. dose of B16/Gal. In all four poorly immunogenic tumors tested, a single dose of tumor/Gal i.v. allows mice to become resistant to tumors given subcutaneously. Resistance requires CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as DCs, and persists for 6–12 mo. Therefore, several immunogenic features of DCs are engaged by the CD1d-mediated cross-presentation of glycolipid-loaded tumor cells, leading to particularly strong and long-lived adaptive immunity.# ガン細胞が入手できれば使える応用性の広そうな技術です
Responsive photonic crystals have been developed for chemical sensing using the variation of optical properties due to interaction with their environment. Photonic crystals with tunability in the visible or near-infrared region are of interest for controlling and processing light for active components of display, sensory or telecommunication devices. Here, we report a hydrophobic block–hydrophilic polyelectrolyte block polymer that forms a simple one-dimensional periodic lamellar structure. This results in a responsive photonic crystal that can be tuned via swelling of the hydrophilic layers by contact with a fluid reservoir. The glassy hydrophobic layer forces expansion of the hydrophilic layer along the layer normal, yielding extremely large optical tunability through changes in both layer thickness and index of refraction. Polyelectrolyte polymers are known to be highly responsive to a range of stimuli. We show very large reversible optical changes due to variation of the salt concentration of a water reservoir. These one-dimensional Bragg stacks reflect incident light from the ultraviolet–visible region to the near-infrared region (λpeak=350–1,600 nm) with over a 575% change in the position of the stop band. Our work demonstrates the extremely high responsivity possible for polyelectrolyte-based photonic materials.# 面白いゲルだなぁ
。いったい、どんな準備をするとそんな大荷物になるんだか…。あ、そうか、荷造り指導がお母さんだからか…。。
。大丈夫なんでしょうか？まぁ、三人兄弟の中で一番しっかりしているので大丈夫だとは思うのですが、思わぬところが抜けていたり、忘れっぽかったり、肝心なところでボーッとしていたり、想定外のことが起こると簡単にパニック状態になったりするので、なんだか心配です。。季節外れもいいところだし、第一、そこは長野の結構山の中…。既に十分寒いと思うのですが、肝試しでさらに涼しくなる必要があるのかどうか…。キャンプファイヤーをやるのはいいけど、せめてお風呂の前にしましょうよ…といいたい気分満々です。
Hundreds of species of reef-building corals spawn synchronously over a few nights each year, and moonlight regulates this spawning event. However, the molecular elements underpinning the detection of moonlight remain unknown. Here we report the presence of an ancient family of blue-light–sensing photoreceptors, cryptochromes, in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora. In addition to being cryptochrome genes from one of the earliest-diverging eumetazoan phyla, cry1 and cry2 were expressed preferentially in light. Consistent with potential roles in the synchronization of fundamentally important behaviors such as mass spawning, cry2 expression increased on full moon nights versus new moon nights. Our results demonstrate phylogenetically broad roles of these ancient circadian clock–related molecules in the animal kingdom.# 体内時計遺伝子が周期性を帯びた原因かしら？
Electrophilic compounds are a newly-recognized class of redox-active neuroprotective compounds with electron deficient, electrophilic carbon centers that react with specific cysteine residues on targeted proteins via thiol (S-)alkylation. Although plants produce a variety of physiologically-active electrophilic compounds, the detailed mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown. Catechol ring-containing compounds have attracted attention because they become electrophilic quinones upon oxidation, although they are not themselves electrophilic. Here, we focused on the neuroprotective effects of one such compound, carnosic acid (CA), found in the herb rosemary obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis. We found that CA activates the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional pathway by binding to specific Keap1 cysteine residues, thus protecting neurons from oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. In cerebrocortical cultures, CA-biotin accumulates in non-neuronal cells at low concentrations and in neurons at higher concentrations. We present evidence that both the neuronal and non-neuronal distribution of CA may contribute to its neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, CA translocates into the brain, increases the level of reduced glutathione in vivo, and protects the brain against middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion, suggesting that CA may represent a new type of neuroprotective electrophilic compound.# 岩手大学のニュースには上のレビューに紹介されていると書いてあるんだが、どう考えても書いているようには見えないのは気のせいか？
Singularity behaviour in circadian clocks ― the loss of robust circadian rhythms following exposure to a stimulus such as a pulse of bright light ― is one of the fundamental but mysterious properties of clocks. To quantitatively perturb and accurately measure the dynamics of cellular clocks, we synthetically produced photo-responsiveness within mammalian cells by exogenously introducing the photoreceptor melanopsin and continuously monitoring the effect of photo-perturbation on the state of cellular clocks. Here we report that a critical light pulse drives cellular clocks into singularity behaviour. Our theoretical analysis consistently predicts and subsequent single-cell level observation directly proves that desynchronization of individual cellular clocks underlies singularity behaviour. Our theoretical framework also explains why singularity behaviours have been experimentally observed in various organisms, and it suggests that desynchronization is a plausible mechanism for the observable singularity of circadian clocks. Importantly, these in vitro and in silico findings are further supported by in vivo observations that desynchronization underlies the multicell-level amplitude decrease in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus induced by critical light pulses.# やはり夜は暗くしておかないといけないようです
