pointLabel

library(maptools)

#データの準備
CC <- c("CAN","DNK","FIN","FRA","DEU","ITA","JPN","KOR","NLD","POL","SWE","GBR","USA")
PAR <- c(13.7,15.7,16.6,16.6,20.2,20.1,22.1,10.3,14.9,13.5,17.6,15.6,12.8)
SE <- c(3.8,7.4,8.6,11.5,8.5,12.2,9.3,1.9,5.4,8.9,9.4,6.2,5.5)

sample <- data.frame(PAR, SE)
rownames(sample) <- CC

plot(sample$PAR, sample$SE, xlab="65歳以上人口比率(%)", ylab="対GDP比高齢者向け社会支出(%)")
pointLabel(x=sample$PAR, y=sample$SE, labels=rownames(sample))