rub off on

"Talk like TED" からの引用です。
"You can give somebody an idea. If that person doesn't want to do it, what are you going to do? The passion that the person has for her own growth is the most important thing. And then we help them to go and find the knowledge, because nobody in the world can succeed alone. The person with the idea may not have the knowledge, but the knowledge is available." You are reading his because you have a passion for personal growth. You've probably mastered (or are close to mastering) the topic on which you speak. Don't be afraid to share your excitement. It will rub off on your audience.
"rub off" だとこすれ落ちる感じですが、その後に "on" があるので、こすれ落ちた後に "on" の後に引っ付くのでしょうか？　辞書を見ます。

・Oxford English Dictionary: Be transferred by contact or association.: When parents are having a hard time, their tension can easily rub off on the kids.

・Collins Dictionary: If someone's qualities or habits rub off on you, you develop some of their qualities or habits after spending time with them.: He was a tremendously enthusiastic teacher and that rubbed off on all the children.

・Cambridge English Dictionary: If a quality or characteristic that someone has rubs off, other people begin to have it because they have been with that person and learned it from them: His enthusiasm is starting to rub off on the rest of us.
なるほど、受け継げられる、影響を受けるのですね。

keep your eyes on the prize

"Talk like TED" (Carmine Gallo著)を読み始めました。TEDは以前NHKの教育TVで何回か見た事があり、興味を覚えたプリゼンターの本（ZOOBIQUITY など）を読んだこともあります。最近は見ていませんが番組はまだ続いているのでしょうか？
"Talk like TED" から取り上げる最初の表現は "keep your eyes on the prize" です。
And during the break there was a deputy sheriff who was offended that the janitor had come into court. And this deputy jumped up and he ran over to this older black man. He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?" And this older black man stood up and he looked at that deputy and he looked at me and he said, "I came into this courtroom to tell this young man, keep your eyes on the prize, hold on."

"keep your eyes on the prize" は慣用句の様に見えますが、慣用句として取り上げている辞書は見当たりません。Webで検索すると説明がありました。幾つかのサイトから説明を引用します。
・Word Associations Network: KEEP ONE'S EYES ON THE PRIZE, verb. To be eagerly focused on succeeding
・10 Useful Business English expressions: In order to maintain your focus, it is necessary to keep in mind why you have set up a business and why you have been trying to carve out a niche in this difficult industry. Have a goal in mind or keep an eye on the prize.

・Writing Explained: To remain steadfastly focused on one’s goal.
Origin: This expression likely became popularized by a song of the same name during the Civil Rights Movement in America. Many African Americans, and others involved in the movement, used this song as a way to motivate and unite those in the fight for equal rights.
なるほど、公民権運動でよく歌われた歌から広まった表現なのですね。ここでは紹介しませんが、元歌があり、それはゴスペルソングの様です。

under a spell

今日の午後にテニスの試合があるので会社を休んでいます。
さて、松本清張の短編小説 THE WOMAN WHO WROTE HAIKE から引用します。
"I wouldn't say fishy exactly." He opened his eyes and smiled at Seisa. "Anyway, don't worry about it. And thanks for all the trouble you've gone to."
Seisa returned his smile. "Sachijo seems to have got you under her spell, too."
"have got you under her spell" の個所の "spell" ですが、 "spell" に魔力とかまじないの意味があるので、ここは魅力の意味があると思います。辞書で調べます。
・Oxford English Dictionary: So devoted to someone that they seem to have magic power over one.: throughout her long life people fell under her spell’

・McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs.: enchanted; under the control of magic.: Her soft voice and faint perfume put Buxton under a spell. Then enchantment was broken when he found his wallet missing.

meshing

松本清張の短編小説 THE VOICE から引用します。
While these were all "facts," they didn't connect with each other. They were like cogs that had gone haywire and were no longer meshing. Each one of them was at cross-purposed with the others.
....
The handbag had been left after five, when the train had let up.
"For the first time two cogs are meshing. At five o'clock," the chief sad complacently.
日本語でいう歯車が噛み合うとか噛み合わないを英語でなんというのか知りませんでしたが、"mesh" を使うのですね。一応 "mesh" を英英辞書で見ます。
・Oxford English Dictionary: (of the teeth of a gearwheel) be engaged with another gearwheel.: one gear meshes with the input gear

・Collins Dictionary: If gear teeth mesh with other gear teeth, or are meshed with them, they fit together and start working together.: This gear meshes with another gear, which turns the pinion gear shaft.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: (of two or more things) to fit together or be suitable for each other: The teeth of the smaller and larger gears mesh with each other.

put out

"put out" は慣用句で「消す」意味となる事を大昔に習いましたが、松本清張の小説 THE VOICE（このVOICEは人の声を聴き分ける並外れた元電話のオペレータが偶然電話で耳にした殺人犯人の声を意味しています。）に出てきた次の "put out" は違う意味で使われています。
"Don't get impatient or you'll wind up losing. He'll be here before long." Kawai, with his tiny eyes and thin lips, was trying to be encouraging; but, in face, he was also getting irritated.
"What on earth could have happened?" Shigeo looked put out.
辞書を見ます。
・Macmillan Dictionary: annoyed, offended, or upset by something that someone has said or done: She was feeling extremely put out by his rudeness.

・Collins Dictionary: If you feel put out, you feel rather annoyed or upset.: I did not blame him for feeling put out.
・Wiktionary: Taking offense; indignant.: He was put out at the mere suggestion of misconduct.

hack

松本清張の短編小説集 "The Voice and other stories" を読み始めました。
最初に取り上げる単語は "hack" で、二つの作品に出てきましたが、同じ意味ではない様です。
初めに出てきたのは THE FACE の次の個所です。
Inadvertently this must have showed in my face. Y. patted me on the shoulder.
"It'll be all right. Unlike plays, movies are made up of lots of small scenes--hack acting. It's nothing to get nervous about," he encouraged.
この "hack acting" は細切れの演技/芝居の意味だと思いますが、次の小説 THE SERIAL（新聞の連続小説の意味）に出てきた "hack" の意味は推測できません。
Ryouji Sugimoto, who had seemed like a good-natured hack novelist, suddenly began to take on a new and sinister light in Yoshiko's eyes.
"hack novelist"　これも細切れの小説を書く作家だからこう呼ばれるのでしょうか？

・Oxford English Dictionary: A writer or journalist producing dull, unoriginal work.: Sunday newspaper hacks earn their livings on such gullibilities’

・Wikitionary: A person, often a journalist, hired to do routine work.: I got by on hack work for years before I finally published my novel.
・Infoplease: a writer who works on the staff of a publisher at a dull or routine task; someone who works as a literary drudge: He was one among the many hacks on Grub Street.
余り大した作家では無いようですね。

catch as catch can

'THE MARTIAN CHRONICLES' からの引用です。

"Never mind. Let me ask you a question. How would you feel if you were a Martian and people came to your land and started tearing it up?"
"I know exactly how I'd feel," said Cheroke. "I've got some Cherokee blood in me. My grandfather told me lots of things about Oklahoma Territory. If ther's a Martian around, I'm all for him."
"What about you other men?" asked Spender carefully.
Nobody answered; their silence was talk enough. Catch as catch can, finder's keepers, if the other fellow turns his cheek slap it hard, etc....
"finder's keepers" は見たことのある表現ですが、"Catch as catch can" は初めてです。いずれにせよ慣用句的なので辞書を見ます。

・Oxford English Dictionary: A situation of using whatever is available.: It seems to me that this is an advantage worth hanging on to, even in this catch-as-catch-can age.

・Farlex Dictionary of Idioms: Done by any means or in any possible way, often haphazardly.: The restaurant was so busy during dinner that getting service was catch as catch can.

・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: using any available means or method: hit-or-miss: a catch-as-catch-can system that relies on borrowed judges
ほとんどの辞書は "catch as catch can" ではなく、ハイフンを使った "catch-as-catch-can" を見出しにしています。

in the double moonlight

'THE MARTIAN CHRONICLES' からの引用です。
One of the men ran into the ship and brought forth food tins which were opened and dished out without much noise. The men were begining to talk now. The captain sat down and recounted the trip to them. They already knew it all, but it was good to hear about it, as something over and done and safely put away. They would not talk about the return trip. Someone brought that up, but they told him to keep quiet. The spoon moved in the double moonlight; the food tasted good and the wine was even better.
"in the double moonlight" の個所の意味が分かりません。慣用句かとも思い色々調べたが分かりません。しかし、ふと気が付きました。火星の話なので火星には月が二つあるのではと？
　
Wikipediaに次の説明があり、一件落着です。
Mars has two relatively small (compared to Earth's) natural moons, Phobos (about 22 km (14 mi) in diameter) and Deimos (about 12 km (7.5 mi) in diameter), which orbit close to the planet. Asteroid capture is a long-favored theory, but their origin remains uncertain. Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall; they are named after the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror/dread), who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle.

call that Tuesday

今日は火曜日。火曜日にピッタリの話題です。
Reader's Digest 7/8月号 "This is Your Brain on Stress" からの引用です。
Performing in a crisis is becoming more important for all of us, for two reasons. Back in the good old days, the reliability of most anything we used or did was far less than it is today. Engines conking out after takeoff? Pilots used to call that Tuesday. Today, it's a rarity.
この引用文に出て来る "call that Tuesday" が分かりません。
辞書を調べてもこの表現は見当たりません。そこでGoogle検索をすると、この表現は結構使われていることが分かりますが、意味はやはりピンと来ません。
ネット上で見かけた例は：
・Some call it Valentine's Day, I call it Tuesday
・To you it may be the hardest thing you’ve ever done and someone else may do it and call it “Tuesday”.
しつこく調べると、この表現はネイティブでも分からない人がいる様で、 UsingEnglish.comのサイトに質問と回答が出ていました。
質問： Hey guys, I was watching a movie last night and in the first part a doctor had a successful surgery and when he was coming out of his room, he kept saying: "You know what I call what I did in there? I call it Tuesday. I do, I call it Tuesday."
I don't understand the meaning of "Tuesday" here. Would you help me out guys?
回答： He was bragging. He had finished doing surgery and was basically saying that the amazing work that he just did was routine, everyday work. For other people it might be the highlight of their life. For him it was just "Tuesday."
日常茶飯事、でも朝飯前の様に自慢げに言う時に使うのですね。

statism

'THE MARTIAN CHRONICLES' からの引用です。
There was going to be a big atomic war on Earth in about two years, and he didn't want to be here when it happened. He and thousands of others like him, if they had any sense, would go to Mars. See if they wouldn't! To get away from wars and censorship and statism and conscription and government control of this and that, of art and science!
"statism" は "state" から派生した言葉の様なので、国家主義、国家主権主義の様な意味の様ですが、辞書で確認します。

・Oxford English Dictionary: A political system in which the state has substantial centralized control over social and economic affairs.: the rise of authoritarian statism

・Collins Dictionary: the theory or practice of concentrating economic and political power in the state, resulting in a weak position for the individual or community with respect to the government

・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: concentration of economic controls and planning in the hands of a highly centralized government often extending to government ownership of industry: Central American corruption, statism and crony capitalism have led to poverty and exclusion.
現在 "statism" で直ぐに思いつく国は北朝鮮、シリア、そして中国もそうかな。