２０２２－２英検２級語彙問題【1】ー(1)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
Bats have a rem------ homing instinct. 【unusual or surprising in a way that deserves attention】
※正解はremarkable : 注目すべき
語彙問題【1】ー(2)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
There is no doubt the Internet is a mar------ invention. 【extremely good】
正解はmarvelous: 驚くべき
語彙問題【1】ー(3)で的中した単語を含む英英挟み撃ち問題
Taking simple steps to res------ conflict immediately can prevent many workplace conflicts from escalating. 【to find a solution to a problem, argument, or difficulty】
ここでの正解はresolve：解決する、英検語彙問題での正解はconflict：紛争
語彙問題【1】ー(5)で的中した単語を含む英英挟み撃ち問題
By coi------ , I was present on occasions when it was raining and so gained a“rainy reputation.” 【a situation in which separate things happen at the same time without any planning】
ここでの正解はcoincidence：偶然、英検語彙問題での正解はreputation：評判
語彙問題【1】ー(6)で的中Scientists have speculated that the destruction of Earth's ozone layer would exp------ us to damaging ultraviolet rays. 【to put someone or something in a place or situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant】
正解はexpose：さらす
語彙問題【1】ー(7)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
When a wound hea------ , it may eventually turn into a scar. 【to become healthy and normal again】
正解はheals：癒える
語彙問題【1】ー(8)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
Are fle------ working hours practical for small businesses? 【able to change to adapt to new conditions or situations】
正解はflexible：柔軟な
語彙問題【1】ー(9)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
The vast majority of aba－ pets never make it out of shelters alive. 【to leave someone or something you are responsible for permanently or for a long time】
正解はabandoned：捨てられた
語彙問題【1】ー(10)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
Emotional and physical hunger are both signals of emptiness which you try to eli－ with food. 【to get rid of something】
正解はeliminate：除去する
語彙問題【1】ー(11)で的中した単語の英英挟み撃ち問題
Unless people ref------ from activities that pollute the environment, global warming could pose a threat to life on the earth. 【to stop yourself from doing something that you want to do】
正解はrefrain：控える
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に収録された英英定義、単語、例文を書き取る二種類のディクテーション用紙を無料提供中です。字幕を見ながら英日ディクテーション用紙(キーワード和訳付き)を穴埋めしたあとで、字幕なしで音声のみを聴きながら英英ディクテーション用紙を穴埋めすると一層効果的で、 自信のない部分だけを和訳して添削を受ける訓練で英語力を飛躍的に伸ばせます。ただいま無料体験者募集中です。
鈴木 康 <suzuyasu@wmail.plala.or.jp>までお気軽にご連絡ください。 共通テスト英語はセンター試験英語と比較して大幅に量が増えたものの、読解力と聴解力があれば確実に点が取れる試験です。正確な読解と聴解には語彙力が不可欠で、あらかじめキーワードを覚えてしまえばいたって易しい英語試験です。そこで、キーワード和訳つきのセンター試験の過去問をお届けします。 青字の和訳がついたキーワードはすべて大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に収録されたものです。 1991センター試験(5)
□When is a person old? There are many individuals who still seem ‘young’ at seventy or more, while others appear ‘old’ in their fifties. From another point of view, sumô wrestlers, for instance, are ‘old’ in their thirties, whereas artists' best years may come in their sixties or even later. But in general, people are old when society considers them to be old, that is, when they retire【引退する】 from work at around the age of sixty or sixty-five.
□Nowadays, however, the demand for new work skills is making more and more individuals old before their time. Although older workers tend to be dependable, and have much to offer from their many years of experience, they are put at a disadvantage by rapid developments in technology. Older people usually find it more difficult to acquire【習得する】 the new skills required by technological changes, and they do not enjoy the same educational opportunities as young workers.
□When they finally leave work and retire, people face further problems. The majority receive little or no assistance in adjusting to their new situation in the community. Moreover, since society at present appears to have no clear picture of what place its older members should occupy, it is unable to offer them enough opportunities to have satisfying social roles after they retire.
□In the past, the old used to be looked upon as experts【専門家】 in solving various problems of life. Today, however, they are no longer regarded【みなされる】 as such and are seldom expected to play significant roles in social, economic and community affairs. With the number of older people in the population【人口】 rapidly increasing, we need greatly to increase and improve the opportunities provided for them so that they can participate【参加する】 in society with dignity【尊厳】 and respect.
問１ People are normally regarded as old when .
① they are in their fifties
② they are judged to be old by society
③ they consider themselves too old to work
④ they reach the age of seventy
問２ Changes in technology can .
① enable【可能にする】 older workers to make better use of their experience
② give older people opportunities for new jobs
③ make it easier for older workers to acquire new skills
④ make older people's knowledge and skills out of date
問３ After finally retiring, most people .
① are given new social roles by society
② do not need assistance in making the necessary adjustments
③ have few disadvantages in their new situation
④ have to work out their social roles largely for themselves
問４ According to the fourth paragraph, the position of old people in society today largely depends【よる】 on .
① how many problems they are able to solve
② the age at which they finally retire from their work
③ the rapid increase【増加】 in the number of retired people in the community
④ what opportunities they are given by society
解答）1② 2④ 3④ 3④
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□When is a person old? There are many individuals who still seem ‘young’ at seventy or more, while others appear ‘old’ in their fifties. From another point of view, sumô wrestlers, for instance, are ‘old’ in their thirties, whereas artists' best years may come in their sixties or even later. But in general, people are old when society considers them to be old, that is, when they retire from work at around the age of sixty or sixty-five.
□Nowadays, however, the demand for new work skills is making more and more individuals old before their time. Although older workers tend to be dependable, and have much to offer from their many years of experience, they are put at a disadvantage by rapid developments in technology. Older people usually find it more difficult to acquire the new skills required by technological changes, and they do not enjoy the same educational opportunities as young workers.
□When they finally leave work and retire, people face further problems. The majority receive little or no assistance in adjusting to their new situation in the community. Moreover, since society at present appears to have no clear picture of what place its older members should occupy, it is unable to offer them enough opportunities to have satisfying social roles after they retire.
□In the past, the old used to be looked upon as experts in solving various problems of life. Today, however, they are no longer regarded as such and are seldom expected to play significant roles in social, economic and community affairs. With the number of older people in the population rapidly increasing, we need greatly to increase and improve the opportunities provided for them so that they can participate in society with dignity and respect.
①prevent【privént】(Ex:The *noise *prevented me from sleeping.)
②invent【invént】(Ex:Who *invented the telephone? )
③bark【bɑ'ːrk】(Ex:*Barking dogs *seldom bite.)
④achieve【ətʃíːv】(Ex:She *achieved her objective of qualifying for the Olympics.)
(A)to create something that has never been made before
(B)to stop someone or something from doing something
(C)to succeed in doing something, usually with effort
(D)to make a short loud sound
1990追試-(5)
□Butterflies are insects as familiar to us as dragonflies. Many of us remember chasing them in the countryside or seeing them pinned neatly in boxes in museums. There are many people who collect butterflies because they are fascinated 【魅了された】 by their beauty and variety. Butterfly shapes have also been used for patterns on kimono for a long time. Nowadays butterflies are usually considered to be objects of beauty.
□In the early stages of Japanese history, however, butterflies were not as popular【人気がある】 as they are today. For example, in the eighth-century Man'yôshû, one of the oldest collections of Japanese poetry, the word‘butterfly’is mentioned only twice. On the other hand, insect names such as ‘cricket’ appear more frequently. This may be due to the ancient【古代の】 Japanese attitude【態度】toward butterflies. In those days butterflies were feared and respected because they were thought to be the souls of people who had just died. Later their fearful image grew as Buddhist priests taught people of death and life after death. As a result, the butterfly as a symbol【象徴】 of the human soul came to be associated【結びつけられた】 with death in the minds of many people. Butterflies were, therefore, not just delicate, beautiful creatures.
□The image of butterflies gradually changed along with our ancestors' views of life and nature. As time went on, butterflies began to draw the attention of artists and craftsmen, and the ancient Japanese fear of them was replaced 【取って代わられた】 by feelings of admiration as their beauty was more deeply appreciated. Butterflies are a good example of how people's attitudes toward familiar【馴染みの】 things around us can change over time.
問１ What was the attitude of people to butterflies in the days of the Man'yôshû?
① They considered butterflies suitable subjects for poetry.
② They regarded【みなす】 butterflies as the image of Buddha.
③ They respected and feared butterflies.
④ They were indifferent to butterflies.
問２ What do many Japanese think of butterflies today?
① They are a symbol of spring.
② They are fearful and mysterious【謎の】 .
③ They are objects of beauty.
④ They are the souls of ancient【古代の】 people.
問３ Who helped create and spread the modern image of butterflies?
① Artists and craftsmen.
② Buddhist priests.
③ Butterfly collectors.
④ Poets in the days of the Man'yôshû.
問４ What does the writer say about butterflies in this passage?
① Butterflies have always fascinated insect collectors and craftsmen.
② Butterflies should be feared and respected.
③ People's images of butterflies have changed over time.
④ The beauty of butterflies has been appreciated throughout history.
解答）1③ 2③ 3① 4③
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□Butterflies are insects as familiar to us as dragonflies. Many of us remember chasing them in the countryside or seeing them pinned neatly in boxes in museums. There are many people who collect butterflies because they are fascinated by their beauty and variety. Butterfly shapes have also been used for patterns on kimono for a long time. Nowadays butterflies are usually considered to be objects of beauty.
□In the early stages of Japanese history, however, butterflies were not as popular as they are today. For example, in the eighth-century Man'yôshû, one of the oldest collections of Japanese poetry, the word ‘butterfly’ is mentioned only twice. On the other hand, insect names such as ‘cricket’ appear more frequently. This may be due to the ancient Japanese attitude toward butterflies. In those days butterflies were feared and respected because they were thought to be the souls of people who had just died. Later their fearful image grew as Buddhist priests taught people of death and life after death. As a result, the butterfly as a symbol of the human soul came to be associated with death in the minds of many people. Butterflies were, therefore, not just delicate, beautiful creatures.
□The image of butterflies gradually changed along with our ancestors' views of life and nature. As time went on, butterflies began to draw the attention of artists and craftsmen, and the ancient Japanese fear of them was replaced by feelings of admiration as their beauty was more deeply appreciated. Butterflies are a good example of how people's attitudes toward familiar things around us can change over time.
①role【róul】(Ex:Sleep plays an important *role in your physical health.)
②wealth【wélθ】(Ex:For all his *wealth, he is not happy.)
③operation【ɑ`pəréiʃən】(Ex:She was in the hospital for an *operation.)
④rumor【rúːmər】(Ex:The *rumor turned out to be false. )
(A)an unofficial, interesting story or news that may or may not be true
(B)a large amount of money, property, etc. that someone owns
(C)the function of something in a particular situation
(D)the process of cutting into a patient's body for medical reasons
1990-(6)
□The first time I met him, everybody seemed to think that he was crazy and very dangerous. However, I was fascinated【魅了された】 with him and gradually a new friendship was born between us. It all began on the day I visited a yacht in Newport Harbor.
□A friend of mine, Richard, owned the yacht. He and his wife had two female relatives staying with them during the summer. I wanted to drop by and say hello as Richard and I always had a good time fishing together, and I was interested in meeting the two women.
□As I approached the yacht, there was no sign of life and I guessed 【推測する】 that everyone had gone ashore. The yacht, however, was not completely empty. I noticed 【気づく】 a little creature sitting on the deck, looking at me with suspicion and fear.
□I then realized 【理解する】 that something terrible had happened on the yacht before I arrived. The deck was covered with broken objects including a little house in which the creature seemed to have been kept.
□Suddenly it jumped through the air to a long, loose rope, and as it came near me, I could see that it was a monkey. He looked down at me as he swung back and forth, performing all kinds of acrobatics and gymnastics. It was really interesting to watch what he did on the swinging rope; I myself had practiced【練習する】 gymnastics in school, so every least thing the monkey did in his performance had a very special appeal to me. I started talking to him in a gentle voice and told him of my great interest in his tricks, and asked him to show me some more.
□Like a circus star, he walked with perfect【完璧な】 balance on the wire between the two masts, and then took a long jump toward me. Without hesitation, I extended my hand to help him and he sat down beside me, watching every movement of my lips while I told him what a truly great artist he was. He moved onto my lap as if we had been friends for a very long time.
□Just then I heard noises behind us. Turning around, I saw a small boat coming toward us with Richard's wife and a policeman in the front. He was carrying a rifle and behind him sat two women nervously pointing at the yacht. As their boat came near the yacht, they began shouting at me, but I only half understood what they were saying. Once they were on board, the monkey became very excited and I soon understood what had happened on the yacht.
□Richard had received the monkey as a present, and they immediately became inseparable friends. Two days before, Richard had to go out of town on business and left the monkey in his wife's care. Separated from Richard, the monkey felt so lonely that he started breaking things, and when the women tried to stop him he attacked them. They fled in the small boat to get help from the police.
□After a heated discussion, I persuaded【説得する】 the policeman not to shoot the monkey. I promised to take care of him until Richard returned; he could decide what should be done with his ‘crazy pet.’
□We left together in my boat while the three women and the policeman stayed behind on the yacht. The monkey gradually calmed down because there were no people around to upset him. My new friend sat quietly in front of me as we approached【近づく】 the shore.
問１ What happened on the yacht before the writer visited?
① Someone cut the rope and let the monkey go.
② The monkey damaged things on deck.
③ The monkey fought with Richard's ‘crazy pet.’
④ The monkey played with the women.
問２ Why did “something terrible” (in the fourth paragraph) happen on the yacht?
① Because Richard's wife and his relatives left the monkey alone.
② Because the monkey felt abandoned【捨てられた】 by his owner.
③ Because the monkey lost his little house on deck.
④ Because the policeman tried to shoot the monkey.
問３ What was Richard doing on the day the writer visited?
① He was away on a business trip.
② He was fishing with his wife in the small boat.
③ He was reporting the monkey's behavior to the police.
④ He was visiting one of his old friends.
問４ Why did the writer go to the yacht?
① Because he had promised to go fishing with Richard.
② Because he wanted to play with Richard's pet.
③ Because he wanted to see Richard, his wife, and the two women.
④ Because he was going to take care of the monkey.
問５ What did the policeman do on the yacht?
① He helped the writer catch the monkey.
② He persuaded the women not to shoot the monkey.
③ He shot the monkey with his rifle.
④ He took part in a heated discussion.
問６ Why was the writer fascinated【魅了された】 with the monkey?
① Because he had always loved monkeys.
② Because he wanted to keep the monkey as a pet.
③ Because he was interested in the monkey's tricks.
④ Because Richard wanted him to look after the monkey.
問７ What happened to the monkey at the end of the story?
① The monkey was left with the police for the moment.
② The monkey went to stay with the writer.
③ The writer had to look after him permanently.
④ They decided to give the monkey to the circus.
Ｂ 次の ①～⑩ のうちから本文の内容と合っているものを４つ選べ．ただし，解答の
順序は問わない．
① Richard and the writer became friends instantly.
② Richard and the writer shared an interest in fishing.
③ Richard had already told the writer about his pet.
④ The monkey learned how to move its lips.
⑤ The monkey was not used to living on boats.
⑥ The monkey was Richard's constant companion.
⑦ The policeman was ready to shoot the monkey.
⑧ The women on the yacht couldn't get along with the monkey.
⑨ The writer liked teaching animals all sorts of tricks.
⑩ The writer was scared when the monkey jumped at him.
□The first time I met him, everybody seemed to think that he was crazy and very dangerous. However, I was fascinated with him and gradually a new friendship was born between us. It all began on the day I visited a yacht in Newport Harbor.
□A friend of mine, Richard, owned the yacht. He and his wife had two female relatives staying with them during the summer. I wanted to drop by and say hello as Richard and I always had a good time fishing together, and I was interested in meeting the two women.
□As I approached the yacht, there was no sign of life and I guessed that everyone had gone ashore. The yacht, however, was not completely empty. I noticed a little creature sitting on the deck, looking at me with suspicion and fear.
□I then realized that something terrible had happened on the yacht before I arrived. The deck was covered with broken objects including a little house in which the creature seemed to have been kept.
□Suddenly it jumped through the air to a long, loose rope, and as it came near me, I could see that it was a monkey. He looked down at me as he swung back and forth, performing all kinds of acrobatics and gymnastics. It was really interesting to watch what he did on the swinging rope; I myself had practiced gymnastics in school, so every least thing the monkey did in his performance had a very special appeal to me. I started talking to him in a gentle voice and told him of my great interest in his tricks, and asked him to show me some more.
□Like a circus star, he walked with perfect balance on the wire between the two masts, and then took a long jump toward me. Without hesitation, I extended my hand to help him and he sat down beside me, watching every movement of my lips while I told him what a truly great artist he was. He moved onto my lap as if we had been friends for a very long time.
□Just then I heard noises behind us. Turning around, I saw a small boat coming toward us with Richard's wife and a policeman in the front. He was carrying a rifle and behind him sat two women nervously pointing at the yacht. As their boat came near the yacht, they began shouting at me, but I only half understood what they were saying. Once they were on board, the monkey became very excited and I soon understood what had happened on the yacht.
□Richard had received the monkey as a present, and they immediately became inseparable friends. Two days before, Richard had to go out of town on business and left the monkey in his wife's care. Separated from Richard, the monkey felt so lonely that he started breaking things, and when the women tried to stop him he attacked them. They fled in the small boat to get help from the police.
□After a heated discussion, I persuaded the policeman not to shoot the monkey. I promised to take care of him until Richard returned; he could decide what should be done with his ‘crazy pet.’
□We left together in my boat while the three women and the policeman stayed behind on the yacht. The monkey gradually calmed down because there were no people around to upset him. My new friend sat quietly in front of me as we approached the shore.
①fascinate【fǽsənèit】(Ex:For thousands of years, humans have been *fascinated by the *planets in our *solar system.)
②guess【gés】(Ex:I *guess listening to the *boring *lecture made me tired.)
③notice【nóutis】(Ex:Have you ever *noticed the different *approaches people use to deal with problems?)
④persuade【pərswéid】(Ex:We tried to *persuade her not to *quit school, but our *efforts were in vain.)
(A)to become *aware of someone or something
(B)to try to make someone do something by giving them good reasons for doing it
(C)to attract and interest you very much
(D)to give an answer or an opinion about something without *definite knowledge about it
①approach【əpróutʃ】(Ex:There were two *vehicles on the road *approaching the signal.)
②compare【kəmpéər】(Ex:*Compared with the same *period last year, *industrial *production *rose by one percent this year.)
③explain【ikspléin】(Ex:The engineer *explained how to *operate the *sophisticated system.)
④treat【tríːt】(Ex:I am *extremely fond of animals, and I can't *stand anyone *treating them with *cruelty.)
(A)to deal with someone or something in a *particular way
(B)to *examine how things or people are similar or different
(C)to tell someone about something in a way that helps them understand it better
(D)to come near to someone or something
①There were two vehicles on the road app------- the signal. 【to come near to someone or something】
②Com------- with the same period last year, industrial production rose by one percent this year. 【to examine how things or people are similar or different】
③The engineer exp------- how to operate the sophisticated system. 【to tell someone about something in a way that helps them understand it better】
④I am extremely fond of animals, and I can't stand anyone tre------- them with cruelty. 【to deal with someone or something in a particular way】
1990-(5)
□About fifteen hundred years ago the Japanese imported【輸入する】 many aspects of Chinese culture:the writing system, political institutions【制度】 , and perhaps most important, Buddhism. Buddhist priests were expected【期待される】 to eat only vegetables, and tôfu, made from the soybean, was a very important food in their diet. When Buddhism was introduced from China, tôfu was also brought to Japan.
□Tôfu developed in different ways in China and Japan. While the Chinese often changed the taste of tôfu by mixing it with strongly-flavored vegetables or meat, the Japanese preferred【より好む】 to eat it using only a simple sauce. Even now, traditional Japanese cooking preserves【保つ】 the original delicacy of tôfu, though the way it is served【供される】 may change from season to season. In summer, for example, it is simply served cold, while in winter it is often eaten as part of a hot dish.
□The soybean was introduced to the West in the eighteenth century, but little interest was taken in it; only scientists recognized its high food value. During the Second World War, when meat was in short supply【供給】 , the U.S. government encouraged【奨励する】 the American people to eat soybean products. However, they never became very popular and, after the war, interest in them dropped off as the supply of meat became plentiful again.
□In recent years, people in the West have become increasingly aware of the dangers of eating too much animal fat, and as a result, they have turned more and more to soybean products. This is mainly because the soybean provides【提供する】 almost the same food value as meat, and in addition is a lot more healthful. Much of the margarine, salad oil, and cooking oil in daily use is now produced from soybean oil. Tôfu, a representative soybean product and originally one of the main foods in the diet of Chinese priests, is considered to be one of the healthiest foods available to man.
問１ Tôfu came to Japan together with Buddhism, because
① Buddhist priests ate tôfu rather than vegetables.
② it was a very important food in the diet of Buddhist priests.
③ the religion【宗教】 came to Japan together with political institutions.
④ the religion was the most important aspect of Chinese culture.
問２ Japanese tôfu dishes differ from Chinese tôfu dishes in that
① the original taste of tôfu is preserved in Japanese dishes.
② they are served the same way throughout the year.
③ they have a better taste than Chinese tôfu dishes.
④ they have a greater variety than Chinese tôfu dishes.
問３ During the Second World War the United States government encouraged the American people to eat soybean products because
① Americans recognized【認識する】 their high food value.
② little interest was taken in the soybean.
③ meat was less available【利用できる】 than before.
④ they were found to taste very good.
問４ The reason people in the West have become more and more interested in tôfu and other soybean products is that
① eating too much animal fat is considered unhealthy.
② meat has become too expensive to buy.
③ these products are more readily available.
④ they have become tired of eating meat.
1990-(5)
□About fifteen hundred years ago the Japanese imported many aspects of Chinese culture:the writing system, political institutions, and perhaps most important, Buddhism. Buddhist priests were expected to eat only vegetables, and tôfu, made from the soybean, was a very important food in their diet. When Buddhism was introduced from China, tôfu was also brought to Japan.
□Tôfu developed in different ways in China and Japan. While the Chinese often changed the taste of tôfu by mixing it with strongly-flavored vegetables or meat, the Japanese preferred to eat it using only a simple sauce. Even now, traditional Japanese cooking preserves the original delicacy of tôfu, though the way it is served may change from season to season. In summer, for example, it is simply served cold, while in winter it is often eaten as part of a hot dish.
□The soybean was introduced to the West in the eighteenth century, but little interest was taken in it; only scientists recognized its high food value. During the Second World War, when meat was in short supply, the U.S. government encouraged the American people to eat soybean products. However, they never became very popular and, after the war, interest in them dropped off as the supply of meat became plentiful again.
□In recent years, people in the West have become increasingly aware of the dangers of eating too much animal fat, and as a result, they have turned more and more to soybean products. This is mainly because the soybean provides almost the same food value as meat, and in addition is a lot more healthful. Much of the margarine, salad oil, and cooking oil in daily use is now produced from soybean oil. Tôfu, a representative soybean product and originally one of the main foods in the diet of Chinese priests, is considered to be one of the healthiest foods available to man.
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は、８００の例文と大学受験生向けに新作した８００の英英定義文の中に２０００語以上の共通テストのキーワードになる英単語・熟語を網羅的に組み込み、四択問題と英英挟み撃ち問題からなる練習問題にしました。以下は、高校教科書レベルの基本的な単語から大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語と全く同じ形式で作成した練習問題です。 左ページ
①～④の単語に合致する(A)～(D)の英英定義を例文を参照して選んでください。 (1)
①enjoy【indʒɔ'i】(Ex:I *enjoy fishing every weekend.)(001)
②imagine【imǽdʒin】(Ex: In an *increasingly *connected world, many people can't *imagine life without the Internet.)(002)
③learn【lə'ːrn】(Ex:I *learned English from a Canadian teacher. )(003)
④join【dʒɔ'in】(Ex:When did Japan *join the United Nations?)(004)
(A)to form a picture of something in your mind
(B)to get pleasure from something
(C)to become a member of something such as a club, company, or other organization
(D)to get knowledge or skill in a particular subject or activity
(2)
①approach【əpróutʃ】(Ex: There were two *vehicles on the road *approaching the signal.) (005)
②travel【trǽvəl】(Ex: Sound *travels at different speeds, depending on the temperature of the air.)(006)
③deliver【dilívər】(Ex: Photographs will be *delivered within three business days.) (007)
④hit【hít】(Ex:She suddenly *hit me on the head.)(008)
(A)to bring your hand against someone or something quickly and hard
(B)to move closer to someone or something
(C)to go from one place to another
(D)to take something to the requested place
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(3)
①wear【wéər】(Ex: He always *wears black shirt.)(009)
②sleep【slíːp】(Ex: Fred was so excited that he couldn't *sleep.)(010)
③float【flóut】(Ex: Why do boats *float and rocks *sink? )(011)
④catch【kǽtʃ】(Ex: Learning how to *catch a football is an important football skill.)(012)
(A)to stay on the surface of a liquid without sinking
(B)to rest your mind and body with your eyes closed, usually while lying down
(C) to stop and hold something that is moving, especially in the hands
(D)to have something on your body
(4)
①destroy【distrɔ'i】(Ex: *Rainforests are likely to make more money if they are not *destroyed.)(013)
②escape【iskéip】(Ex: When *escaping from fires, smoke and gases should be *avoided.)(014)
③judge【dʒʌ'dʒ】(Ex: You should know better than to *judge by *appearance.)(015)
④notice 【nóutis】(Ex: I opened the door quietly so that the teacher wouldn't *notice me.)(016)
(A)to get away from a dangerous situation
(B)to break something down *completely
(C)to become *aware of someone or something
(D)to *form an *opinion about someone or something
左ページ
①～④の単語に合致する(A)～(D)の英英定義を例文を参照して選んでください。 (5)
①marry【mǽri】(Ex: She decided to *marry him.)(017)
②protect【prətékt】(Ex:Why should we *protect our environment? )(018)
③kick【kík】(Ex:She *kicked the door open. )(019)
④remember【rimémbər】(Ex:Do you *remember how we met?)(020)
(A)to hit someone or something with the foot
(B)to become the husband or wife of someone
(C)to keep someone or something safe from harm
(D)to have an image of someone or something in the past in your memory
(6)
①provide【prəváid】(Ex: Cows *provide us with milk.) (021)
②forget【fərgét】(Ex:I wrote down her name so I wouldn't *forget it. )(022)
③belong【bilɔ'ːŋ】(Ex: I used to *belong to the tennis club when I was a student.) (023)
④collect【kəlékt】(Ex:I didn't know you collected old coins. )(024)
(A)to be unable to remember
(B)to be a member of an organization
(C)to bring things together from different places
(D)to supply somebody with something
左ページ (7)
①cancel【kǽnsəl】(Ex:How do I cancel my order? )(025)
②introduce【ìntrədjúːs】(Ex:She *introduced her daughter to me. )(026)
③exchange【ikstʃéindʒ】(Ex:Do you know how to *exchange business cards in Japan?)(027)
④lend【lénd】(Ex:Would you *lend me your dictionary?)(028)
(A)to say that an event that was planned will not now happen
(B)to give something and receive something else in return
(C)to allow someone to use something for a short time
(D)to bring one person to another person so that they can meet
(8)
①elect【ilékt】(Ex: Lincoln was the first member of the Republican Party elected to the presidency. )(029)
②invite【invɑ'it】(Ex: Thank you for *inviting me to your birthday party.)(030)
③sell【sél】(Ex:What is the quickest way to *sell a car?)(031)
④wait【wéit】(Ex:I'm sorry to have kept you *waiting.)(032)
(A)to stay in a particular place until someone arrives
(B)to give something in exchange for money
(C) to ask someone to come to an event
(D)to choose someone by voting
(9)
①discussion【diskʌ'ʃən】(We should avoid *discussion of religion and politics at the dinner table.)(033)
②background【bǽkgrɑùnd】(Ex:People from different *background gather in workplaces. )(034)
③advice【ædváis】(Ex: Her *advice is always helpful to me. )(035)
④elevator【éləvèitər】(Ex: In the event of fire, don't use the *elevator. )(036)
(A)an opinion that someone gives others about what they should do
(B)the type of career, training, or education that shapes somebody's life
(C)the process of talking about something important
(D)a machine that carries people and goods up and down in a building
(10)
①fashion【fǽʃən】(Ex:It is very expensive to keep up with the latest *fashions.)037)
②economy【ikɑ'nəmi】(Ex:Why is trade so important to Japan's *economy?)(038)
③gesture【dʒéstʃər】(Ex:Hand *gestures can mean very different things in different cultures.)(039)
④dream【dríːm】(Ex:What does it mean when you see fire in your *dream?)(040)
(A)the system by which a place's money and goods are made and used
(B)a series of events or images that happen in your mind when you are asleep
(C)the fact that something is popular at a particular time
(D)a movement of your body that communicates a feeling or instruction
左ページ
(11)
①imagination【imæ`dʒənéiʃən】(Ex:How does reading help children's *imagination?)(041)
②hobby【hɑ'bi】(Ex:My *hobby is taking pictures of wild animals.)(042)
③noise【nɔ'iz】(Ex:There was so much *noise in the classroom that Hisako could not make herself heard.)(2012センター)(043)
④means【míːnz】(Ex:The bus is the common *means of public transportation.)(044)
(A)an activity that someone does for pleasure in their free time
(B)the ability to create pictures or ideas in your mind
(C)a loud or unpleasant sound
(D)a way of doing or achieving something
(12)
①salary【sǽləri】(Ex:He was earning a large *salary when he retired.)(045)
②talent【tǽlənt】(Ex:He has a great *talent for music.)046)
③penalty【pénəlti】(Ex:There are severe *penalties in Japan for drinking and driving. )(047)
④rival【ráivəl】(Ex: Two *rivals have different policies on several key issues.)(048)
(A)a punishment for breaking a rule
(B)a person or thing that competes with another
(C)the money that a person receives each month or year from their job
(D)a natural skill or ability to do something well
左ページ
定義文を参考に例文を完成してください。定義文→例文の順で音読すると一層効果的です。
(033)We should avoid dis------- of religion and politics at the dinner table. 【the process of talking about something important】
(034)People from different bac------- gather in workplaces. 【the type of career, training, or education that shapes somebody's life】
(035) Her adv------- is always helpful to me. 【an opinion that someone gives others about what they should do】
(036)In the event of fire, don't use the ele------- . 【a machine that carries people and goods up and down in a building】
(037)It is very expensive to keep up with the latest fas------- 【the fact that something is popular at a particular time】
(038)Why is trade so important to Japan's eco------- ? 【the system by which a place's money and goods are made and used】
(039)Hand ges------- can mean very different things in different cultures. 【a movement of your body that communicates a feeling or instruction】
(040)What does it mean when you see fire in your dre------- ? 【a series of events or images that happen in your mind when you are asleep】
1992-追試(5)
□Get on a train and it is likely that several people around you will be wearing earphones. There they are in the same space, but not talking or paying attention【the act of carefully thinking about, listening to, or watching someone or something】 to one another. Though listening to a personal tape player this way has some virtue【a morally good way of behaving】 in that you don't usually disturb others, it allows【to make it possible for someone to do something】 almost no human contact. You are alone with your machine.
□A similar【sharing some features but are not exactly the same】 situation occurs with many video games. A person concentrating【to give all your attention to what you are doing】 on destroying spaceships, avoiding attackers, or shooting enemies needs no companion. True, some games do enable players to take turns, and then people might talk to each other, but in many cases the player is involved only with the machine and its program.
□In what ways are young people affected by instruments like these? Are they becoming less able to make contact with the surrounding world? This question is becoming increasingly important with the spread of personal computers. Computer technology is becoming more and more widely used in areas like communications【the process of exchanging information or ideas】, education, and banking. In one way or another, many people now spend a great deal of time in front of a computer screen. The fact that television frequently limits communication within families is already well known; these new developments will further lead people to live within themselves and not reach out to other people.
□At this moment in history, science seems likely to alter our society as never before. At the same time, the power of technology has become enormous【extremely large in size or in amount】 . Perhaps technology itself is creating individuals who are only concerned with their own interests. Will they be satisfied simply to watch events passively, without becoming involved in social decisions which may change their own life? Machines should not be allowed to ruin【to destroy or severely harm something】 our sense of social responsibility. Whether we admit it or not, we are all here together, and share a common fate【the things that happen to someone or something, especially in a way that cannot be prevented or changed】.
問１ The advantage【something that helps you to be more successful】 of using earphone on a train is that
① you can enjoy music without being disturbed
② you can have closer contact with your machine
③ you don't have contact with other people
④ you seldom bother people around you
問２ Some video games are criticized because
① they are likely to make players enjoy violence
② they discourage【to cause someone to lose enthusiasm to do something】 players from communicating with others
③ they require players to take turns and talk to each other
④ they require two or more players to take part
問３ The increasing use of personal computers
① is causing people to lose contact with their surroundings
② is creating in people a stronger desire to communicate with others
③ is greatly strengthening【to make something stronger】 human relationships
④ is helping establish closer ties among family members
問４ The author is worried about the current situation because
① technological developments may weaken people's sense of social duty
② the progress of science will greatly change our society
③ too many people will become involved in social decision-making
④ young people are losing their interest in developing new technology
□1992追試-(5)
□Get on a train and it is likely that several people around you will be wearing earphones. There they are in the same space, but not talking or paying attention to one another. Though listening to a personal tape player this way has some virtue in that you don't usually disturb others, it allows almost no human contact. You are alone with your machine.
□A similar situation occurs with many video games. A person concentrating on destroying spaceships, avoiding attackers, or shooting enemies needs no companion. True, some games do enable players to take turns, and then people might talk to each other, but in many cases the player is involved only with the machine and its program.
□In what ways are young people affected by instruments like these? Are they becoming less able to make contact with the surrounding world? This question is becoming increasingly important with the spread of personal computers. Computer technology is becoming more and more widely used in areas like communications, education, and banking. In one way or another, many people now spend a great deal of time in front of a computer screen. The fact that television frequently limits communication within families is already well known; these new developments will further lead people to live within themselves and not reach out to other people.
□At this moment in history, science seems likely to alter our society as never before. At the same time, the power of technology has become enormous. Perhaps technology itself is creating individuals who are only concerned with their own interests. Will they be satisfied simply to watch events passively, without becoming involved in social decisions which may change their own life? Machines should not be allowed to ruin our sense of social responsibility. Whether we admit it or not, we are all here together, and share a common fate.
まずは、以下のような英英定義選択問題２００問に取り組みます。
①trade【tréid】(Ex:Japan does a lot of *trade with China.)
②view【vjúː】(Ex:This hotel offers a great *view of Mt Fuji.)
③courage【kə'ːridʒ】(Ex:I admire your *courage.)
④pastime【pǽstàim】(Ex: What's your favorite *pastime?)
(A)something you can see from a particular place
(B)the activity of buying and selling goods, usually between countries
(C)the quality to do something dangerous or difficult without showing fear
(D)something that you do for pleasure in your free time
(796)White House Press Secretary described the phenomenon of people buying guns after shooting attacks as a“tragic iro------ .” 【a situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect】
1992-(6)
□My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with a dozen rolls of exposed film and several hundred dollars in unused traveler's checks. His blue bag lies on the hall floor where he dropped in, about four short steps into the house. Last night he slept in Paris, and the twenty nights before that in various beds in England and Scotland, but evidently he postponed【to arrange for something to take place at a later time】 as much sleep as he could; after he walked in and said hello and how much he'd missed home, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed half-unconscious for his bed, where I imagine he may break his old record of sixteen hours.
□I don't think I'll sleep for a while. This household has been in a state of excitement over the trip since weeks before it began, when we said, “In one month, you'll be in London! Imagine!” It was his first trip overseas, so we bought him travel books and a cassette tape of useful French phrases, made a list of people to visit, and advised him on clothing and other things. At the department store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he looked at a few and headed for the bags and knapsacks. He said that suitcases were for old people. I am only in my forties, though, and I pointed out that a suitcase keeps your things — a jacket, for example — neat and tidy. He said he wasn't taking a jacket. The voice of my mother spoke through me. “Don't you want to look nice?” I said, but he just turned away.
□During his trip, he called home three times: from London, from Paris, and from a town named Ullapool in Scotland. “It's like no place in America, Dad,” he reported excitedly. He hiked through flocks of Scottish sheep and climbed a mountain in a heavy rainstorm. In a village near Ullapool, a man spoke to him in the unfamiliar local language, and, too polite【having good manners and respect for the feelings of others】 to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places. The French he learned from the cassette was of little use in Paris; the people he spoke to shook【to move something quickly】 their heads and walked on.
□I myself have never been outside the United States, except twice to Canada. When I was eighteen, a friend and I made a list of experiences we intended to have before we reached twenty-one, which included hitchhiking to the West Coast, learning to play the guitar, and going to Europe. I've done none of them. When my son phoned, I sat down and leaned forward, eager【wanting to do something very much】 to catch every word. I have never listened on the telephone so intently and with so much pleasure as I did those three times. It was wonderful and moving to hear news from him. To me, he was the first man to land on the moon; I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help. The money that he'd left on the hall table — almost half the amount I sent him off with — is certainly evidence【the facts or objects which cause you to believe that something exists or is true】 of that.
□Youth travels light. No suitcase, no jacket, not much language, and not much money spent — and yet he went where he wanted to go, did what he wanted to do, and came back safely. I sit here amazed. The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you've never seen is a night that you wish would last for a week.
（注） exposed film: 撮影済みのフィルム．
traveler's check: 旅行者用小切手．
問１ What did the son do after exchanging greetings with his father?
① He dropped to the floor, half-unconscious.
② He slept for sixteen hours without waking.
③ He talked about his trip far into the night.
④ He went to his room and fell fast asleep.
問２ Why was the family so excited about the son's trip long before it began?
① Because he was the first in his family to travel outside the United States.
② Because he would be going overseas for the first time.
③ Because the family considered him much too young to travel by himself.
④ Because they couldn't believe he was to be the first to land on the moon.
問３ Why did the father advise his son to get a suitcase?
① Because he believed carrying a suitcase would make his son look older.
② Because he considered a suitcase to be better for carrying clothes.
③ Because he thought his son would look nice carrying one.
④ Because the boy's mother wanted him to have one.
問４ How well did the son communicate when speaking with the local people during his trip?
① He experienced difficulties in Scotland and Paris.
② He had no difficulties, thanks to the language tape he took with him.
③ He had no trouble in Scotland, but he couldn't communicate in Paris.
④ He managed to communicate in the local language in Ullapool.
問５ What does “youth travels light” in the last paragraph mean?
① Young people don't need much when they make a trip.
② Young people don't take a lot of money when traveling.
③ Young people like to wear light-colored clothes when they travel.
④ Young people prefer traveling in the daytime when it is light.
問６ What was it that amazed the father?
① The ease with which his young son was able to travel successfully.
② The evidence that the advice he had given was a great help during his son's trip.
③ The fact that his son only spent half the money which he had been given.
④ The story his son brought back about his trip.
Ｂ 次の①～⑩のうちから本文の内容と合っているものを４つ選び，その番号を答えよ．
ただし，解答の順序は問わない．
① The son switched off the electric light in the hall.
② The father was over fifty when his son went on the trip.
③ When the father said to his son, “Don't you want to look nice?”, he was remembering
what his own mother used to say.
④ The son made a telephone call to his father from London.
⑤ When a man in a Scottish village spoke to him, the boy was too polite to say he couldn't understand him.
⑥ The father had never been out of his own country.
⑦ The father learned how to play the guitar when he was his son's age.
⑧ The father listened intently to his son on the phone because he himself had wanted to
have a similar kind of experience when young.
⑨ Since the father had been to Europe himself when he was young, his son's stories didn't
impress him very much.
⑩ The father had no advice to give his son on the phone because he had given him enough
before the trip.
解答）Ａ 1④ 2② 3② 4① 5① 6① Ｂ ③④⑤⑧
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with a dozen rolls of exposed film and several hundred dollars in unused traveler's checks. His blue bag lies on the hall floor where he dropped in, about four short steps into the house. Last night he slept in Paris, and the twenty nights before that in various beds in England and Scotland, but evidently he postponed as much sleep as he could; after he walked in and said hello and how much he'd missed home, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed half-unconscious for his bed, where I imagine he may break his old record of sixteen hours.
□I don't think I'll sleep for a while. This household has been in a state of excitement over the trip since weeks before it began, when we said, “In one month, you'll be in London! Imagine!” It was his first trip overseas, so we bought him travel books and a cassette tape of useful French phrases, made a list of people to visit, and advised him on clothing and other things. At the department store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he looked at a few and headed for the bags and knapsacks. He said that suitcases were for old people. I am only in my forties, though, and I pointed out that a suitcase keeps your things — a jacket, for example — neat and tidy. He said he wasn't taking a jacket. The voice of my mother spoke through me. “Don't you want to look nice?” I said, but he just turned away.
□During his trip, he called home three times: from London, from Paris, and from a town named Ullapool in Scotland. “It's like no place in America, Dad,” he reported excitedly. He hiked through flocks of Scottish sheep and climbed a mountain in a heavy rainstorm. In a village near Ullapool, a man spoke to him in the unfamiliar local language, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places. The French he learned from the cassette was of little use in Paris; the people he spoke to shook their heads and walked on.
□I myself have never been outside the United States, except twice to Canada. When I was eighteen, a friend and I made a list of experiences we intended to have before we reached twenty-one, which included hitchhiking to the West Coast, learning to play the guitar, and going to Europe. I've done none of them. When my son phoned, I sat down and leaned forward, eager to catch every word. I have never listened on the telephone so intently and with so much pleasure as I did those three times. It was wonderful and moving to hear news from him. To me, he was the first man to land on the moon; I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help. The money that he'd left on the hall table — almost half the amount I sent him off with — is certainly evidence of that.
□Youth travels light. No suitcase, no jacket, not much language, and not much money spent — and yet he went where he wanted to go, did what he wanted to do, and came back safely. I sit here amazed. The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you've never seen is a night that you wish would last for a week.
①suggest【səgdʒést 】(Ex:I *suggest you get some rest.)
②force【fɔ'ːrs】(Ex:She *forced me to sing a song.)
③celebrate【séləbrèit】(Ex:Wedding *anniversaries are *celebrated in many different ways.)
④regard【rigɑ'ːrd】(Ex:We *regard Edison as a great inventor.)
(A)to make someone do something they do not want to do
(B)to tell your ideas for other people to *consider
(C)to think about someone or something in a *particular way
(D)to do something special or enjoyable to show that an *occasion or event is important
□Nowadays people spend more time away from their jobs than ever before. Technological developments have steadily shortened working hours for a large part of the population, and the fact that people are living longer has also increased the amount of time spent in non-work settings. As a result, a large number of people have had to adjust to more leisure 【time when you can relax and do things you enjoy without working or studying】 than they had expected, and this new-found leisure has created difficulties.
□Historically, the emphasis has been on work, and current attitudes still reflect the impact【the effect that something has on someone or something】of this earlier way of thinking. Even today, many people still believe that leisure should be used chiefly to restore one's energy and strength for more and better work. Leisure, therefore, has been viewed as a means【a method for doing something】 to an end.
□Along with greater production【the process of making or growing something for sale in large quantities】 efficiency and higher standards of living, there is a new idea in which leisure is viewed as more than simply a restorative for work. Leisure is now regarded by an increasing number of people as an important part of contemporary【happening or belonging to the present time】 life. They think that the use of leisure time should be a satisfying experience in and of itself.
□Attitudes【the opinions and feelings that you have about something, especially when this shows in the way you behave】 toward both leisure and work are changing. Increasing mechanization of work has meant that more people are now looking beyond their jobs for satisfying life experiences. This has led to some change in emphasis from job-centered activities to leisure and home-centered activities, especially among the younger generation. However, because the new idea has not entirely replaced【to be used instead of something】 the traditional one, many people face the problem of what role leisure should play in their lives. Some feel guilty about additional hours of free time and seek more work to avoid leisure hours, while others eagerly pursue leisure activities that resemble【to be similar to something】 work. As working hours are shortened, a more meaningful balance has to be found between work and play.
（注） restore [rist¦®r] v. 回復する．restórative a.n. 回復させる；回復剤．
問１ Due to the leisure brought about by technology, many people
① are puzzled【to confuse someone because they do not understand something】 by what to do with their working hours
② are unable to obtain satisfaction from their work
③ have difficulty in adjusting to an increase in population
④ have the problem of adapting to a new way of life
問２ In the past, leisure was considered to be
① a way to improve one's work
② an essential part of daily life
③ as important as work itself
④ more important than work
問３ Many people are now uneasy about increased leisure because
① their leisure activities are becoming more and more like work
② there is not enough time for them to pursue leisure activities and also do their work
③ they are not quite free from the influence of the traditional idea about leisure
④ they might be required to do more work at home
問４ The main point the writer wishes to make is that
① people need to learn how to deal with an increasing amount of leisure
② people want still more free time than they have at present
③ technological developments have permitted people to work less than in the past
④ the new idea of leisure is better than the historical one
□Nowadays people spend more time away from their jobs than ever before. Technological developments have steadily shortened working hours for a large part of the population, and the fact that people are living longer has also increased the amount of time spent in non-work settings. As a result, a large number of people have had to adjust to more leisure than they had expected, and this new-found leisure has created difficulties.
□Historically, the emphasis has been on work, and current attitudes still reflect the impact of this earlier way of thinking. Even today, many people still believe that leisure should be used chiefly to restore one's energy and strength for more and better work. Leisure, therefore, has been viewed as a means to an end.
□Along with greater production efficiency and higher standards of living, there is a new idea in which leisure is viewed as more than simply a restorative for work. Leisure is now regarded by an increasing number of people as an important part of contemporary life. They think that the use of leisure time should be a satisfying experience in and of itself.
□Attitudes toward both leisure and work are changing. Increasing mechanization of work has meant that more people are now looking beyond their jobs for satisfying life experiences. This has led to some change in emphasis from job-centered activities to leisure and home-centered activities, especially among the younger generation. However, because the new idea has not entirely replaced the traditional one, many people face the problem of what role leisure should play in their lives. Some feel guilty about additional hours of free time and seek more work to avoid leisure hours, while others eagerly pursue leisure activities that resemble work. As working hours are shortened, a more meaningful balance has to be found between work and play.
①spread【spréd】(Ex: *Rumors *spread quickly in social networks.)
②reserve【rizə'ːrv】(Ex:I'd like to *reserve a table for four at six.)
③guess【gés】(Ex:I *guess listening to the *boring *lecture made me tired.)
④realize【ríːəlàiz】(Ex:I didn't *realize you were *serious.)
(A)to know or understand a particular fact or situation
(B)to keep something for you so that you will be able to use it at a later time
(C)to give an answer or an opinion about something without definite knowledge about it
(D)to gradually reach or affect a larger area or more people
青字の英英定義はすべて大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に収録されたものです。 1991年追試-(5)
□□Do animals play? Certainly, many animals, especially the young, engage【to take part in a particular activity】 in behavior that seems like play. But why do they play? This question is difficult to answer, even for experts【someone who has a particular skill or who knows a lot about something】 . For one thing, there are considerable difficulties involved in observing animals at play when they are not in natural surroundings. Monkeys, for example, play a lot in the wild, but in cages it is hard to make them play when you want them to. You have to sit patiently, waiting for the right moments. And even when you do see them playing, it is still difficult to say why they are doing so.
□Scientists have noticed【to become aware of someone or something】 that when two monkeys are ‘play-fighting,’ they take turns winning. One will be on top, and it will look as if he is winning. Then suddenly he will give the other a chance to take control of the action. It is believed that this kind of play helps monkeys learn to take different roles when they are older. Like humans, animals sometimes need to take charge, and sometimes follow. Monkeys seem to learn this lesson by playing.
□Another likely purpose of play is to let animals learn how to get along with others of their own age. It has been found that while baby rats kept with their brothers and sisters engage in a lot of rough play, those raised alone with their mothers play just a little. However, when rats which have only been with their mothers are put with other young rats, they play a lot more than those brought up in a large family. It seems that they make up for lost time.
□Though much remains to be discovered about animal play, studies like these do seem to indicate【to show that something exists】 that animals learn some very basic skills by taking part in play-like activities.
問１ It is difficult to study monkeys at play in cages because .
① it is hard to tell whether they are playing or not
② they don't always play when scientists want them to
③ they play for such a long time that observers have to sit patiently
④ they prefer playing with humans to playing with other monkeys
問２ Through play-fighting, monkeys seem to learn that .
① it is very important to win the fight once it has started
② there are different social roles to perform within their group
③ they always have to attack 【to use violence to hurt or damage someone or something】other monkeys stronger than themselves
④ they can control the actions of others by winning the fight
問３ Rats that live with their brothers and sisters during their early days .
① hurt each other a lot through their rough play
② quickly learn to be independent【not depending on other people for help or money】 of their mothers
③ spend a lot of time playing roughly with them
④ still want to play with their mothers
問４ By they make up for lost time, the author means that the rats .
① come to enjoy their life without friends to play with
② decide to play even more with their mothers
③ learn to get along with other rats in a very short time
④ succeed in forgetting their earlier lonely days
解答）1② 2② 3③ 4③
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□1991追試-(5)
□Do animals play? Certainly, many animals, especially the young, engage in behavior that seems like play. But why do they play? This question is difficult to answer, even for experts. For one thing, there are considerable difficulties involved in observing animals at play when they are not in natural surroundings. Monkeys, for example, play a lot in the wild, but in cages it is hard to make them play when you want them to. You have to sit patiently, waiting for the right moments. And even when you do see them playing, it is still difficult to say why they are doing so.
□Scientists have noticed that when two monkeys are ‘play-fighting,’ they take turns winning. One will be on top, and it will look as if he is winning. Then suddenly he will give the other a chance to take control of the action. It is believed that this kind of play helps monkeys learn to take different roles when they are older. Like humans, animals sometimes need to take charge, and sometimes follow. Monkeys seem to learn this lesson by playing.
□Another likely purpose of play is to let animals learn how to get along with others of their own age. It has been found that while baby rats kept with their brothers and sisters engage in a lot of rough play, those raised alone with their mothers play just a little. However, when rats which have only been with their mothers are put with other young rats, they play a lot more than those brought up in a large family. It seems that they make up for lost time.
□Though much remains to be discovered about animal play, studies like these do seem to indicate that animals learn some very basic skills by taking part in play-like activities.
①suggest【səgdʒést 】(Ex:I *suggest you get some rest.)
②force【fɔ'ːrs】(Ex:She *forced me to sing a song.)
③celebrate【séləbrèit】(Ex:Wedding *anniversaries are *celebrated in many different ways.)
④regard【rigɑ'ːrd】(Ex:We *regard Edison as a great inventor.)
(A)to make someone do something they do not want to do
(B)to tell your ideas for other people to *consider
(C)to think about someone or something in a *particular way
(D)to do something special or enjoyable to show that an *occasion or event is important
(353)a large ( )公式の( ) where a lot of people
( )議論する a particular ( )＝( )会議
A *( ) was held to discuss the ( )さまざまな( )利点 of using insects as an ( )代替の( )源 of food to pigs, chickens, and cows.
(354)a ( )( ) in which the ( )温度 of your body is higher than ( )正常の＝( )熱
My grandmother always said you should sweat to ( )下げる the *( ) when you have the flu.
(355)a ( ) who has been ( ) to act
or speak ( )( )( )…を代表して a group＝( )代表
The *( ) made a plan ( ) the school festival, and the other students carried it out.
(356)an ( )公式の( )行動 that is carried out to ( )達成する a particular purpose＝( )手段
To ( )改善する business performance,
the company decided to ( )訴える to drastic *( ).
(357) ( ) something or ( ) somewhere at ( )正確に the time that has been ( )手配された＝( )時間に正確な
Trains in Japan are ( )信じられないほど*( ).
(358) ( ) or ( )失望した because something unpleasant has happened
＝( )落ち込んだ
Bruce was ( )ひどく*( ) when his girlfriend left him, but he soon ( )( )立ち直る it.
(359) ( )注目すべき＝( )傑出した
The story was *( ),
but his acting was ( )( )…にはほど遠い( )素晴らしい.
(360) ( ) a large ( )距離 between ( ) 反対のsides
＝( )厚い
*( ) eyeglasses sometimes make you feel like the ( ) of the world is ( ) your nose.
(361)to be ( )( ) each other＝( )異なる
Some people are ( ) to consider their own way of life as being the ( )正常な one and to ( )( )( )見下す life-styles that *( ) from it.
(362)to ( ) to ( )離れる your job＝( )やめる
Permanent employees ( )とどまる( ) until they are ( )解雇される or choose to *( ).
(363)to ( ) to ( )発見する all the facts about something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem＝( )調査する
Not ( ) one percent of the ( )種 in today's rainforests have been *( ) by researchers.
(364)to ( ) someone ( )( )不安な about someone or something
＝( )心配させる
It never ( )( ) me that my actions had *( ) my parents.
(365)to ( ) and ( )調べる something carefully
over a ( )期間 of time＝( )監視する
Watching TV programs can be good for the education of children if it is carefully *( ).
(366)to ( ) the ( ) of something ( ) by using examples
＝( )例示する
This picture *( ) a method
of ( )防御( )利用される by many animals.
(367)to ( )拒否する( )( )受け入れる something such as a ( )提案,
a ( )要求, or an offer＝( )拒絶する
Although he had a lot of experience in teaching, John's ( )応募 for the position of full-time professor was *( ).
(368)to ( )許す a child to ( ) everything that they ( ) ＝( )甘やかす
Is it child ( )児童虐待 for parents to *( ) their children too much?
