TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事からの英検１級語彙対策Part1(a～e)

　久しぶりの更新になり申訳ありません。

　数ある英語試験の中で、素直な良問、そして読んで結構面白い長文の出題される実用英検は一番良くできた英語試験と思われます。しかし欠点がないわけではありません。

①下の級の一次合格ラインが低い（２級以下ではほぼ六割）ため、基礎力が不十分なまま上の級を受ける羽目になって何度も落ち、結果的に英検協会を儲けさせる「英検難民」が出やすいこと。

②最難関の１級においては、長文読解が易しいにも関わらず語彙が難しいため、単熟語の暗記で乗り切ろうとする受験者があとを絶たず、単熟語の知識はあるものの読解力が弱い合格者が少なくないこと。

　辞書が使える環境では語彙で点数を稼いだ合格者よりも読解で点数を稼いだ合格者が強いのは自明であり、英検１級合格後の英語力の伸びもスムーズです。暗記さえ厭わなければ誰でも正解できる語彙問題の縮小削減を私が望んでやまないゆえんです。
　いまの英検１級合格に「必要な」単語数を私は一万語程度と見ています。一万語習得していれば一次語彙問題の半分位は自信をもって正解できるでしょう。あとはカンで答えても合格ラインを突破できます。語彙強化は言語習得に欠かせないとはいえ、ボディビルに励みすぎた運動選手の身体が固くなるように、語彙偏重の英語学習では頭が固くなり、未知語の意味を推測するような柔軟な思考力が育ちません。
　長文はTIMEを読む会で紹介しているようなTIMEのやさしくて短い記事を３００本程度、高い精度で読めば１級対策として十分であろうと思われます。
　頭のいい人はおおむね暗記力も強いのは一面の真理ながら逆は必ずしも真ではなく、暗記力だけではあまり使い物にはなりません。できれば頭を良くするような英語学習をしたいのは誰でも一緒、とまでは言えないまでも多くの学習者の願いだと思います。旧来、勉強してもあまり頭が良くならない「暗記物」扱いされてきた英語も、やりようによってはかなり「脱暗記」そして「思考型英語学習」が可能です。
　前置きはこれくらいにして、英検１級合格には長文によく出る単熟語さえ覚えればいいという観点で選んだ「最近のTIME,NEWSWEEKから選んだ英検１級頻出単熟語集」を以下にお示しします。丸数字は見かけた頻度です。語彙問題にも読解問題にも準１級レベルの単語が登場します。目安として準１級レベルの単熟語には＊印をつけました。
　過去三回の英検１級で語彙問題はこのデータベースから毎回８語、読解問題にはさらに多数出題されています。直前チェックにお使いいただければ幸いです。

abet, abide④, abdicate, abduct②, abduction, *abort, *abortion, *abound, abstain③, *abundant, *abuse⑩↑, *abusive, abyss, *acclaim, *accommodate④(収容する、受け容れる), *accommodation, accomplice, accredit, accreditation, *accumulate, acrimonious②, acronym, adamant, *addiction, *addictive, adept④, *adjacent②, administer（管理する、投与する）, adjourn, *admonish, adolescent②, *adorn②, advent③, adversary, adversely, adversity, *advocacy⑩↑, *advocate⑩↑, *affectation, affirmative action, affiliate②, affiliation②, *afflict⑤, *affluent, aftermath③, aggravate②, agonize, agonizing, agnostic②, ail③, ailment④, *albeit, alienate②, alienation, align, allegation, *allege②, *alleged, *allegedly⑩↑, alleviate④, alliance, aloof, *allowance(手当), *allude, ally, altruism, altruistic, amass, *ambush③, ameliorate, *amicable, ammunition, ample, amputate, *anatomy, anemic④, anesthesia, animate(活気をつける), animosity④, annal, annex, anonymity, *anonymous, antagonistic, anthropologist②, anomaly, anthithesis, *antibiotic, antidote, appall, appease②, apostate, apprehend, apprehension, apprentice②, appropriate(「流用する」、「〈土地などを〉収用する」)②, aptitude, arable②, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrary, arcane②, ardent③, ardor②, arguably, arsenal, articulate, artillery, *assert⑩↑, *assertive⑥, assiduous, *assimilate③, *assimilation②, *assume⑩↑(仮定する、想定する、引き受ける), assumption⑩↑, assurance, astute, asylum⑤, atheist, atone, atonement, attest②, attuned, atrocity⑤, audacious④, audacity②, augment②, augur, auspicious, austerity④, autism, autocrat, autocratic, autonomy, autopsy, avarice, aversion②, avert②, awash②, awry③, backdrop②, backfire⑤, backlash③, backwater②, baffle, bailout⑤, bail out⑤, balk, banal②, bandwagon②, bane, *banish②, bar②(禁じる), bargain(契約、特価品), barren, basin, bask②, bastion, battered, keep ～ at bay, beacon, beef up④, behemoth, behest, beholden②, belch, beleaguer②, bellicose, belligerent, bemuse, *benevolence, bent(熱心な), benign, berate, bereaved, beset②, besiege, biased, bicker, bid(試み)③, bigot②, bigoted③, binding(拘束力のある), binge③, bipartisan③, bizarre, *blackout②, blast②(激しく非難する), bleak③, blessing in disguise②, blighted, blistering②, *blockbuster②, blunder, blunt(a・v)③, bluntly, bluff, blur, boast, bode well(bad), bolster⑩↑, bombard②, bona fide, boon, boost④, botch②, bottom line⑩↑, bountiful, bounty④, bout⑤, brace, brainchild, brag③, brandish②, brash, brazen, breach②, breadbasket, break even②, breakneck, brink, brisk, bristle, broker④(仲介をする), budge, buoy, buoyancy, buoyant, burgeoning⑩↑, burnish, bust②, bustle, bustling⑥, buttress, cachet, capitulate③, cajole②, *calamity⑩↑, candid, capitalize on④, capitulate, *capricious, carbon footprint, *cardinal, cardiovascular, carnage③, carry(lose) the day, case⑩↑(「患者」「症例」「実情」「真相」「論拠」「訴訟」等さまざまな意味で使われる), cash in on②, castigate, casualty⑩↑, catalyst④, *cater, cause⑩↑(「原因」だけではなく「目標、大義」の意味で多用されるn・v), caveat, cease④, cease-fire, cede, celebrity, censor⑤, censorship⑤, censure②, champion⑧(「勝者」だけではなく「擁護者」の意味で多用される。n・v), charge(世話をまかされた人), chasten③, chastise, checks and balances, cherish, chime in, choke point, strike a chord, *chronic⑥, churn out⑥, circumvent③, claim⑥(「権利を主張する」、「〈命などを〉奪う」という意味でも使われる), clamor③, clamorous, clandestine②, clandestinely, classified②(機密扱いの), clause(条項), clergy, clout⑥, clumsy, cluster③, coalition, *coarse, coax③, code(法典), coercion②, coffer, coherent, cohesion, cohort②(仲間), cognitive, collateral(付随の、担保、担保物件a・n), collateral damage(〈戦闘での〉民間人殺傷), collude, collusion, combustible, conciliatory, *command(使いこなせる力), commanding(堂々とした), commend, commencement, commensurate②, *commission(委託する)②, *commit③, *commitment⑩↑(「約束」だけではなく「熱意」、「献身」の意味で多用される), *committed④(打ち込んでいる、傾倒した), commotion②, compatible②, *compile, *complacency②, *complacent, compliance, compliant, complication(合併症), complicit, complicity④, *comply③, compliance③, compound(増幅する), *comprehensive③, compromise④(「そこなう」「弱める」という動詞でも使われる), comprise, concede②, conceivable, conceive③, conciliatory, concomitantly, concurrence, condescending, *condolence, condone, conduit③, confer②, *confiscate②, congenital, congregation, collateral, confidant, confide, *confine, *confinement, confidential, conflagration, conformity, confound, congenital, congregate, congregation, conjure, consecutive, consequence⑩(「報い」「代償」の意味で多用される)↑, conservative(「数字などが」控えめな), considerable, consolidate, consortium, conspire, conspiracy③, consternation, constipation, constituent③, constituency, constrain, constraint, contagion③, contain(封じ込める)④, *contend⑤, contentious②, contingency(不測事態), contingent(代表団、偶発事件、～次第の)②, contraband③, contract(収縮する)②, contraption, controversy, convert, copycat③, commission⑩↑, contend, conundrum⑤, converge, convergence, *convert, counterpart⑤, corpse, *count(重要である), counterpart, counterweight, courtesy②, covet, covert, covertly, cozy, crackdown④, crack down on⑤, cradle, crave②, credentials③, credit(功績n・v, 大学などの単位)⑩, creed②, creeping, cremate, crisscross③, *critical⑥(重大な」「危機の」という意味でも多用される), crony, cronyism, crop up, crucial③, *crumble, culinary, cull②, culprit⑩↑, *culminate, culmination, cumulate, *cumulative, curb, curfew④, curse②, curry favor (with someone), curtail⑩↑, *custody④(親権、拘留), cutting-edge, dampen⑤, dash(〈希望などを〉くじく), *daunt, *daunting⑤, dazzle, debacle②, *dearth, debilitate, debunk②, decamp, decapitate, *decease②, decipher, *decline(断る、衰える), *decree(n・v)②, decry②, deduct, *deduction, deem⑩↑, default⑥, defect②, defector, defendant, *defer, deference②, defiant, defiance, *deficit, *deficiency, deft, defuse③, defy⑤, deflect, degenerate, *degrade④, *delegate, *deliberate, deliberation②, *delude③, deluge, demeanor, dementia, demise, demobilize, demolish④, demolition, demote, dent(影響), make a dent, *denounce⑤, degrade③, degradation②, deplete③, deplore③, deploy⑩↑, deployment③, deport②, deportation②, depose, deprivation, derail, depreciation, *deride⑤, derivative, deserted, despondent②, despot, despotism, desertification, designation, destabilize, destitute④, detain, detainee②, detention④, deter③, deterrent②, detriment, detrimental②, deteriorate, deterioration, detonate②, devaluation, devastate⑤, devastating⑥, devastation⑤, deviate, devise⑤, devour④, devout③, dexterity, diagnosis④, diaspora, dignitary, dilapidate②, dilute, dire⑤, discharge, disband, disclosure, discreet③, discreetly, discretion(「分別」「裁量権」), disdain, discretionary, disgruntled②, dismal②, dismantle, disparity⑤, *dispatch⑦, dispel, dispensary, disperse, disposable income②, disruption, disseminate, dissident⑥, dissuade, dissipate②, distort⑤, distortion③, *distract②, *distraction, *distress, distressing, distraught, dither, *diverse③, *diversification, *diversion, *diversify②, *diversity⑥, *divert, dividend④, divvy up, domination, dormant, dovetail, downplay②, draconian③, draft(徴兵、徴兵する), drawback, dub②, dubious③, duplicate, dwarf②, *dwindle⑩↑, earmark②, ebb②, economies of scale③, effigy②, egalitarian, egregious③, eke out③, elastic, elation, elicit, eclipse(〈太陽、月の〉食、しのぐ), egg on, egregious, eligible, *eliminate ⑤, elude②, elusive②, emanate②, *emancipate, emasculate, embargo②, embattled, embed③, embody⑩↑, embolden③, *embrace⑩↑(「抱擁する」のほかに「受け入れる」という意味でしばしば使われる), embroil, eminent, *emission③, *emit, empathy, emulate④, enact③, enclave, encompass, encroach, endemic, *endorse④, enforcement②, engrave, engulf, enigma②, *enlighten④, enlist, enmity④, enrage, enshrine, *entangle, entice③, *entitle③, *entitlement③, entity, entrenched⑥, envision②, envoy, enzyme②, epicenter, epidemic, epitomize④, equitable, equation②, equilibrium, equity, equivalent③, eradicate④, erode②, erosion, erratic⑥, erroneous, erupt, eschew, espouse②, euphemism, euphoria, euthanasia, evacuate, evade, evaporate, evasion, evasive, evict, evoke, exacerbate③, exasperate, excerpt, excruciating, exhilarating, exile④, exodus③, exorbitant, expatriate⑦, expedite, expel, expertise②, expire, explicable, *exploit⑩↑, exploration②, exponential, exponentially, exposure, exquisite, *extinct, *extinction, extort②, extortion②, extract, extraction, extradite②, extradition, extravagant②

TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事からの英検１級語彙対策Part2(f～n)

*fabric, fabulous, facade②, facilitate⑤, faction, faculty(学部の教授陣)②, fallacy, fallout②(放射性降下物、後遺症), falter, fatigue(作業服、野戦服), feasible, feat, *feature(n「特徴」・v「呼び物にする、特集する」)⑩↑, feeble, felon②, felony, fend off, ferocious③, ferocity②, ferment, fermentation, fertile②, fester④, fetch②(ある値で売れる), feud③, fiasco⑤, fiefdom, field(処理する、答える), fierce②, finite, firsthand, flash point②, flaunt, flaw⑤, flawed②, fledgling, flee, fleeting, flexing one's muscle③, flirt, fluctuate, fluctuation, flummox, flounder, foe, foment, footage, foreclose②, forensic, forestall, forfeit, forge, forego, foresee②, foreseeable②, forestall, fork out, forlorn, formidable③, for starters, fortify③, fortress, foster②, fractious, fragment, fraternal, fraud, fray②, freak out, freewheeling, frenetic, fret②, fringe benefit, frivolous, fugitive, full-fledged②, funnel, fury,　futile②, fungus, gain(gather⇔lose) ground②, gain momentum, galvanize④(駆りたてる), generic, garner③, gastrointestinal, geopolitical④, gimmick, *given⑩↑(「～を考慮すれば」という意味の前置詞としてしばしば使われる), *glamorous②, glass ceiling②, glimpse, glut②, gobble up, graft(汚職), *grant②, grapple③, gratification, grid②, grievance③, grim, grudgingly, grueling, grumble④, gusto, haggle, hamstring, handpick, hands-on, hail②(歓呼して迎える), hail from③, halt②, grind to a halt, hammer out, hamper, handout, harbinger, harbor②(「抱く〈いだく〉」「かくまう」), *harness④(利用する), harrowing⑤, haughty, *haul③, haunt③, haunting, haven③, havoc, wreak(play) havoc with, hawk(売り歩く), hazy, headlong, heavy-handed, hedge(両掛けする), hedonism, heed③, heedless②, hefty④, hegemony, heinous②, helm③, hereditary, heretical, hermit, heyday⑤, hibernation, hidebound, hideous, hilarious③, hinder②, hindsight②, hinge on②, hinterland④, hitch②, hoard③, hobble, holistic, hollow out, in honor of, hostilities③(複数形で「交戦状態」の意味を持つ), hover, huddle, humble, hunch, hustle, hype⑤, hunker down, hype⑤, hypothesize, iconic, *identify⑥, ignite, illicit③, illuminate, illuminating, *illiterate③, imminent, immune, immunity, impair, impeach, impeccable②, impede②, impediment, impending③, *imperative⑩↑, impetus, implicate *implore④, imposing②(堂々たる), imprudent, impoverished, improvise, impunity, inadvertent, inaugurate②, inauguration, incarcerate②, incarceration, incarnation, *incentive⑤, incentivize, inception, incessant②, incest, incinerate, incite, inconceivable, incorporate④, incredulous, incremental, incumbent④, incur②, incursion, indictment②, *indigenous③, *indignantly, indignity, *indispensable, indoctrination, *induce④, indulgent, inept④, inertia, infallible, infatuation, infect, infertile, infiltrate③, infinite②, inflict②, infuse, infuriate, influx⑥, infringement, infuse, infusion, ingenious②, ingenuity, ingredient②, inhale, inhibition, *initiate③, *initiative⑩↑(「新規構想」の意味で多用される), inmate, innate, innocuous, inoculate, insatiable③, insidious, insomnia, insolvency②, instill③, insulate, insular, insurgency④, insurgent⑦, insurmountable③, intact, *integrate⑤, *integration③, *integrity, itineray, interim, intertwine, intermittently, interrogate②, interrogation④, intransigent, intrigue, intriguing③, introspection, intoxicate, intractable, intransigence④, intrigue, inundate②, invasive, inventory, invincible, invoke, irk, iron out, irrelevance②, *irrelevant⑩↑, irreversible, *irrigation②, itinerant, itinerary②, jeopardize, jingoistic, jitter, jittery, jolt, judicious②, juggernaut②, junta, jurisdiction, jury, knockoff②, lambaste④, lag, lag behind②, laggard, laggardness, lapse, languish④, at large, latitude, laudable, *launch⑩↑, lavish③, lax②, lenient③, leniency, *liable, *liability, layman, leg(旅程), legitimacy⑩↑(合法性、正当性), linchpin③, linger④, lineage, levelheaded, leverage③, levy②, liquidity, literacy②, loath, loathe, lobby, logistics, loom③, loot③, *lucrative⑥, lukewarm, lurk②, lust, malnourished, makeshift②, makeover②, makeup, malady, malaise, malevolent, malign, malignant(悪性の), mandate⑤, mandatory③, manipulate④, manipulation③, mantra②, mar, marginalize②, merit(長所), marshal, martyr②, massacre③, mastermind③, matter(重要である)③, maxim, mayhem⑤, *meager③, meddle, mediocre, mend one's fences, menial②, mesmerize③, meticulously, militia④, mire②, molecular, miscarriage, misgiving, mitigate②, mobilize, *modify⑥, mogul, mollify②, momentum, monolithic, morale, moratorium, moribund, morph②, mortgage④, mount(開始する)④, muddle②, multiply, mundane, muster②, mutilation③, muzzle, myriad, narcotic, nascent③, needy, nemesis, nepotism, nexus, niche, nominal, novice, nudge, numerous, nuptial

TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事からの英検１級語彙対策Part3(o～z)

*obscure③, obscurity, obesity, obliterate, oblivious, obsess, obsession, obsolete, odds, at odds④, offense(違反、犯罪), opaque, opaqueness, opine②, opulent, ordain, ordeal③, oligarch, ominous, ordain, ordinance②, ornate, opacity, ostensible②, ostracism②, ostracize③, ouster, outlandish, outlet②, outlook, outrageous③, outright③, overhead(諸経費), overdue, overt③, pacify, pact(協定、条約)③, palatable②, palpable③, pamper, pandemic④, pan put②, paragon, paralysis, paralyze, paramount, parasite, pariah③, patriarchy, parishioner, parole, payroll, peddle②, peer, pelt, penchant②, penetrate, perch③, *perish, perjury, perpetrate②, perpetrator②, pertinent, pester, pesticide, pervasive②, petite②, petition④, phenomenal(驚異的な)③, philanthropy, photo op, pilfer, pilgrimage, piracy, pitch③(売り込み口上), pivotal④, placate③, placebo, placid③, plagiarize, *plague⑤, plaintiff④, platform⑤(綱領、公約), plausible③, plausibly, plea, pledge, plight⑥, pluck, plummet⑤, plunge③, pluralistic, plurality, plush, poach, poignant, poised②(態勢ができている), polarize, polemic, poll(世論調査、投票数), pollinate③, ponder, pore over, pork barrel, *pose⑤(突きつける), poster child, *pragmatic⑩↑, precarious, precipitate(促進する), predatory④, predecessor⑤, predicament②, premiere, premise②, prerequisite②, prescient③, prescribe⑤, *preside⑤, pressing(差し迫った)⑤, presumably, *prevail⑩↑(勝る、流布する), *prevailing④(一般的な、支配的な), prevalence, prevalent②, prickly, pristine②, probe②(n・v), prod(促す), profane, profess, profligate②, proliferate④, proliferation④, prolific②, profligacy, promising②(有望な), prone③, propagate, proponent, proprietor, projection(予測)③, prop②, *propagate, propensity, proponent③, proprietor, protagonist②, protocol, protract②, provincial, prudent, provision③, provocation②, provocative③, provoke③, prowess②, proximity, proxy④, pry, pundit④, punitive③, purge, quagmire, quantify, quarantine, quell, rack, raid②, rail, ramble②, racy, rally, ramification③, ram into, rampage⑤, rampant⑩↑, ramp up, ramshackle, rank, rank-and-file②, rankle, ransack, ransom③, rapacious, ratchet up③, ratify②, ratification, ration, rationale③, ravage⑤, raze, reassuring, rebel③, rebellion, rebellious③, rebuff, rebuke, recant, recede, recession, reckon③, reclaim(取り戻す、干拓する), reclusive, recrimination, recruit(新兵、新人), red tape⑤, redeem, redeemable, redress②, redundant, refurbish③, refurnish, refute, regime(政権〈しばしば特定政権に対して軽蔑的に用いる〉)⑤, regressive, rehabilitation, reimburse②, reincarnation, rein in②, reiterate, rejuvenate, relapse, relegate③, relent, relentless, *relevant⑩↑, relinquish⑥, remains(遺骨), reminiscence, remittance, remnant, remorse, render③, renegade, renege, renounce②, renovate, reparation, repatriate, repeal, repercussion, replenish, repressive④, repudiate②, repudiation, repugnant, repulse, repulsive, rejuvenate, resentment, residue, resilient⑤, resonant, resonate③(共感を与える), respectively, respiratory, restive, resume③, resumption②, resurgence④, resurrection, resuscitate③, retaliate, retaliation, retard, rationale②, retort, retract, retribution, retrospection, restive, retain, reticent, revamp③, revere②, reverence②, revile②, rev up, revoke②, riddle②, rife④, rip, ripe, *rigorous④, rile, ring（徒党、一味）, ringleader, rivet, roaring, *roam④, robust⑦, robustness, roil④, rogue②, root out, row③, rudimentary③, rule of law(法の支配), rumble, runoff, rupture, sabbatical, saber-rattling, saddle④(課する、負わせる), salvation, sanguine, savor, sanction⑥(制裁する、公認するn・v), sanitize②, saturated, scathing, scavenge, scheme, sclerotic③, scoff②, scourge, scramble②, scrutinize⑤, scrutiny⑤, seasoned②(「場数を踏んだ」位の意味), secession, secular②, seclude, sectarian②, seep, self-sufficient, segregate, setback, sever⑥, shatter, shackle, shed, shed light on, shell out, shelve(棚上げする), showcase, showdown, shrewd③, shrivel, siege②, *significant(有意な), silver bullet, simmer②, sizable, skewed, skirmish③, skirt, skittish, slap②(課する), slash, slate, slay③, sleek, sluggish③, smack, smolder②, smother, smuggle④, soar⑥, sober③, sobering⑩↑, solicit②, solidarity, solvency, solvent②, somber, sound bite, spat, spare, sparsely, spat, spawn⑤, spearhead②, specter, spell out, spike(急上昇する、急増)⑤, spin(解釈、偏向), spin-off, spook, sporadic, spouse, spousal, sprawl②, spree③, sprout up, squeeze, squint, stagger, staggering②, stagnate③, stake⑤, at stake⑤, stale②, stalemate②, stall②, stalwart, stamp out③, stampede, standoff, startling, stagnant, stagnate, stark, state-of-the-art③, staunch, stave off③, stealth, sterile, stigma③, sting(おとり捜査), stipulate, stall(立ち往生させる), stoke(かき立てる)②, straitjacket, *strain, strike(cut) a deal, strand②, strangle, stronghold, stem④, stem from②, sterile, sterilization, steward, stifle③, stigma②, stoke②, straddle, strain, strangle③, strenuous, strike a chord, stringent, stroll, stronghold, stumble, stump(遊説する), stunt②, stymie, subdue④, subordinate②, subject(被験者)⑤, sublime, submerge, subscribe③, subsequent, subservient②, subsidiary③, subsidize③, subsidy⑤, subsistence②, substantially, substantive(相当の), subvert, subversive, succumb⑤, suffocate, supplant, suppress③, surge⑩↑, subside②, sue⑤, surmount, surreptitious, surrogate②, susceptible⑩↑, sustainable⑩↑, sustainability③, swagger, swath, sway(影響力), swear in, sweatshop, sweep out, sweeping②, swindle④, synonymous③, tacit④, tailor, taint②, tally③, tame④, tangible②, tantalizing, tantamount, take no chances, *tap(「～を利用する」「盗聴する」)⑤, tap into②, tariff, tarnish③, tear down, technical(厳密な、建前の), teeming, temper, template②, tenable, tenacious, tenacity, tenet②, tentative②, terrain③, testament, theocracy, theocratic, thorny, threshold, throng, thrust, thwart④, tilt②, tinker③, tissue(組織), tit for tat③, toil, *tolerate, *tolerance, toll, take its ［a］toll, topple④, totalitarian, tout⑤, traction②, trailblazer, trait③, trajectory③, trample②, transcend, transcendent, *transparency②, *transparent②, treacherous⑤, tributary, truce, trumpet③(吹聴する), turbulence, turmoil⑩↑, turnout(投票〈者〉数), tweak, ubiquitous③, ubiquity, ultimatum, unabated②, undercut③, underlying③, undergo, *undermine⑩↑, underpin②, underscore②, *undertake, underwrite, undeterred, *undo②, unfettered, unflattering, unfold②, unfounded②, unimpeded, unleash⑥, unpalatable, *unprecedented⑧, unscrupulous, unravel⑧, unrelenting②, unsavory, unscathed, untamed, untangle, untapped④, untenable, upheaval⑤, uphold, uplifting, uproot, upshot, usher in③, utility, valid③, validity②, vandalize, vandalism, vanguard③, vanish, vanquish③, vaporize, vaunt, veer, verge, on the verge of⑤, vehement, velocity, vendetta, venerate, venerable, venue③, verdict②, verify②, versatile④, versed, vested interest, vestige, veto⑤, vex②, via, viable, vibrant②, vicinity, vie②, be vying with, vilify, validate②, vibrant④, vigilance, vigilant, vindicate, virulent②, visionary, vogue, void③, volatile⑩↑, volatility, volunteer(ボランティア、志願兵), voracious③, vulnerability, vulnerable⑩↑, wake(跡), in the wake of(～の後に続いて), wane③, ward(病棟), ward off③, warlord⑤, *wary③, watershed, wayward②, wean off, weary, weather(切り抜ける)②,whitewash, wind up(行き着く), wipe out③, wield, whack, whisk, woe④, wreck②, wreak havoc on, write off, , xenophobic, yank, zero in on②

英検１級とTIMEのやさしい記事の関連性

Finland's Educational Success? The Anti–Tiger Mother Approach
という、フィンランドの高い学力とその背景について論じたTIME誌の記事を最近読みました。注目したいのは、試験に特化した詰め込み教育を行っているわけでないにもかかわらず試験でコンスタントにいい結果が出ている点です。
　実用英検は素直な問題が多く英語力の目安になるとはいえ、特化した試験勉強に走ってしまうとあとで伸び悩むことが多いためおすすめできません。
　かなり難関視されている英検１級に関して私は、TIMEのやさしい記事をたくさん(300本程度)精読すれば十分対応できるとし、TIMEのやさしい記事でよく見かける語彙をここ三回の英検一次試験直前に「１級対策語彙」として紹介してきました。面白いことにここ三回連続で「(当ブログの)１級対策語彙」から約８語が語彙問題に出題されています。
　今回は、thwart, stringent, tout, expedite, laudable, catalystの６語が正解選択肢として完全的中しました。「１級対策語彙」で紹介したreclusiveの派生語であるrecluseとstumbleのイディオムであるstumble uponも出題されています。
　語彙問題２５問中８語を正解しても合格ラインには及ばないとはいえ、準１級レベル以下の語彙も毎回出題されるのが１級語彙問題です。今回ですと、ambivalent, longevity, inquisitive, piece togetherという正解選択肢がそれに該当するといってよいでしょう。だから、準１級レベルの語彙と「１級対策語彙」が身についていれば約半分は確信をもって正解できるはずです。
　さらに、「１級対策語彙」は語彙問題のダミーに多数登場しています。今回はdefect, forfeit, hamper, hibernation, insular, insurgent, muster, prolific, pundit, malign, relapse, rigorous, saturated, soar, staunch, vindicateの１６語が使われていますので、意味を知っていて消去法と語感を駆使すれば合格ラインとされる七割はクリアー可能と思われます。
　読解問題の英文はTIMEのやさしい記事と大差ありません。インプット量が十分ならば英作文の上達は早いでしょうし、速く正確な音読ができればリスニングも十分対処できます。試験に特化した張り子の虎のような英語ではなく、地道な英文読解を通して養成したナチュラルな英語で１級を通過するようだと合格後の伸びも順調だと思います。.

さらに追加した英検１級対策語彙

　テクニックではなくパワーアップを主体とした実用英検１級対策として、英英辞典を片手にTIMEの一頁もののやさしい記事を毎日精読して頻出語彙を覚えることをおすすめしてきました。３００本位読めば大抵の人が英検１級一次合格レベルに到達し、大学入試英語はどこでも楽勝レベル、TOEICも９００点前後は取れています。一日にして６０分～９０分程度の学習を一年くらい続ければ十分と思われます。もっともこの学習法で成果を上げるには、英検準１級の過去問でコンスタントに九割得点できる位の基礎力が欠かせません。
　実用英検に強ければTOEICや大学入試にも強いとはいえ、逆は必ずしもそうではありません。TOEICで900を何度も超えたのに英検１級は合格にほど遠いというケースも散見され、「東大文系院生が800.8点、理系院生が703.8点、全体の平均スコアが737.1点となっています」といった信じられないようなTOEICスコアデータもネットには流れています。
　オールラウンドな英語力をつけるには、東大や京大のような難関国立大入試で大きなウエイトを占めている英文和訳や和文英訳といったアナクロ英語がなくて問題が素直な英検を目安にした学習法が有効でしょう。ただ肝心なのは、一次試験六割程度の得点で合格させられて安易に上の級を受けるのではなく、下の級でコンスタントに九割得点できる位まで基礎固めをしてから上に進む、「急がば回れ」の学習を続けることです。
　以下、TIMEのやさしい記事で見かける英検１級対策語彙を追加しました。

balk, chastise, congenital, crop up, emasculate, fallacy, faction, heretical, hype, itinerant, ramp up, rejuvenate, reticent, sabbatical, showcase, strike a chord, strike(cut) a deal, ward off

またまた追加した英検１級対策語彙

　いつぞや偶然見たテレビドラマの中で、高橋是清を演じた西田敏行が「英語は馬鹿ほどうまくなる」と言っているのを聞いて思わず噴き出した記憶があります。
　たしかに、基礎単語や構文の暗記のような作業はあまり考えすぎず機械的にやった方が効率的かもしれません。ただ、ある程度英語が読めるようになって多読を続けていくと頻出単語は自然に覚えられます。無理に覚えようとしなくても、「覚えて忘れて」を繰り返すうちに頭に残りますから、暗記よりも思考が好きな英語学習者の苦痛は上に行くほど軽減されると思います。とはいえ、単語集は重要語彙の習得漏れチェックには有効です。以下は本日追加した英検１級対策語彙で、TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事でよく見かけるため同レベルの記事を読むにあたってもお役に立てば幸いです。

boast, constraint, counterpart, daunt, disclosure, disruption, duplicate, field(処理する、答える), inhale, prevalence, mastermind, miscarriage, needy, renege, sleek, squeeze, staunch, transcendent, unsavory, watershed　　

本日追加した英検１級対策語彙

　大学受験であれ英検であれTOEICであれ、試験に特化した勉強が楽しいなら続くでしょうし結果もついてくると思います。しかし私は試験勉強が昔も今も嫌いで、試験勉強が嫌いな「同志」向けに、試験勉強をせずに英語試験でいい結果を出す方法をここのブログで書いてきたつもりです。具体的には、英英辞典が使いこなせてTIMEのやさしい記事レベルの英文が楽に読めるようになれば、おおかたの英語試験でいい結果が出ます。試験に特化した勉強をせずに試験を突破できるようだと、合格後の伸びも順調なようです。
　とはいえ試験対策を全否定するわけではなく、英検の場合なら直前一週間位はガンガン試験対策をやってみるのもメリハリがついていいと思います。
　以下は本日追加した英検１級対策語彙です。

bemuse, bizarre, capitulate, clergy, cremate, demeanor, deprivation, distress, erupt, expire, fabulous, foreclose, hideous, incinerate, ignite, ouster, plaintiff, plea, pledge, vicinity, somber, stronghold, deluge, rally, renovate, respiratory, rumble, setback, solidarity, subsequent, sue, tissue(組織), tariff, vaporize, veer, ward(病棟), warlord

TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事からの英検１級語彙対策Part1(a～e)

　最近読んだTIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事でよく見かけた単熟語を拾い集めてみました。英検１級の直前対策にお使いいただければ幸いです。丸数字は見かけた頻度です。
　同じ得点でも、語彙で点数を稼いだ１級合格者よりは読解で点数を稼いだ１級合格者の方が辞書を使える環境でははるかに英語運用能力が高いです。言語を使いこなすにあたって単熟語の知識は不可欠とはいえ、語彙力だけでは使い物になりません。大切なのは知識と思考力のバランスです。
　近年改善は見られるものの、英検１級は語彙問題が難しすぎる傾向があり、合格者平均は語彙６割、読解８割といった話を耳にします。レベル不相応な難単語まで詰め込むよりも、下記のような英検１級レベルの長文（TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事程度）によく出る単熟語を重点的に覚え、未知語は文脈から推測するような思考力を養成していくような学習を進めるのが英検１級合格の近道であり、実用にも強い英語力を養成できます。
　一応お断りしますと、実用英検を貶めようという意図は全くありません。実用英検は、大学入試英語よりも素直で日本語含有率が低く、TOEICよりも試験テクニックが通用しにくい優れた英語試験だと思います。

ただ、
①全級の一次合格ラインを上げて受験者の基礎力を定着させること。
②１級一次語彙問題から、長文であまり見かけないようなものは除外し、語彙力はあるのに読解力が弱い１級合格者、ちょっと難しい英文になると辞書を使っても読めない１級合格者を減らすこと。

といった改良がなされることを願わずにはいられません。
　前置きはこれくらいにして、以下に「最近のTIME,NEWSWEEKから選んだ英検１級出題予想単語集」をお示しします。

abet, abide, abort, abortion, abdicate, abduct②, abduction, abort, abound, abstain③, abundant, abuse, abusive, abyss, acclaim, accommodate④(受け容れる), accommodation, accomplice, accredit, accreditation, accumulate, acrimonious②, acronym, adamant, addictive, adept②, adjacent, administer（投与する）, adjourn, admonish, adolescent②, adorn②, advent③, adversary, adversely(←2010-2読解出題), adversity, advocacy⑩↑, advocate⑩↑, affectation, affirmative action, affiliate②, affiliation②, afflict⑤, aftermath③, aggravate②, agonize, agonizing, agnostic②, ail③, ailment④, albeit, alienate②, alienation, align, allegation, allege②, alleged, allegedly⑩↑, alleviate④, alliance, aloof, allowance(手当), allude, ally, altruism, altruistic, amass, ambush③, ameliorate, ammunition, ample, amputate, anemic③, anesthesia, animate(活気をつける), animosity④, annal, annex, anonymity, anonymous, antagonistic, anthropologist②, anomaly, antibiotic, antidote, appall, appease②, apostate, apprehend, apprentice②, appropriate(「流用する」、「〈土地などを〉収用する」)②, arable②, arbitrate, arbitrary, ardent③, ardor②, arguably, arsenal, articulate, artillery, assert⑩↑, assertive⑥, assiduous, assimilate③, assimilation②, assume⑩↑(仮定する、想定する、引き受ける), assumption⑩↑, assurance, astute, asylum⑤(←2010-2語彙正答的中), atheist, atone, atonement, attest②, attuned, atrocity③, audacious④, audacity②, augment②, augur, auspicious, austerity④, autism, autocrat, autocratic, autonomy, autopsy, aversion②(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , avert②, awash②, awry, backdrop②, backfire⑤, backlash③, backwater②, baffle, bailout⑤, bail out⑤, balk, banal②, bandwagon②, bane, banish②, bar②(禁じる), bargain(契約、特価品), barren, basin, bask②, bastion, battered, keep ～ at bay, beacon, beef up④, behemoth, behest, beholden②, belch, beleaguer②, bellicose, belligerent, bemuse, benevolence, bent(熱心な), benign, berate, bereaved, beset②, besiege, biased, bicker, bid(試み)③, bigot②, bigoted③, binding(拘束力のある), binge, bipartisan③, bizarre, blackout②, blast②(激しく非難する), bleak③, blessing in disguise②, blighted, blistering②, blockbuster②, blunder(←2010-2語彙正答的中), blunt(a・v)③, bluntly, bluff, blur(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), boast, bode well(bad), bolster⑩, bombard②, bona fide, boon, boost④, botch②(←2010-2読解出題), bottom line⑩↑, bountiful, bounty④, bout⑤, brainchild, brag③, brandish②, brash, brazen, breach②, breadbasket, break even②, breakneck, brink, brisk, broker④(仲介をする), budge, buoy, buoyancy, buoyant, burgeoning⑩↑, burnish, bust②, bustle, bustling⑥, buttress, cachet, capitulate③, cajole②, calamity④, candid, capitalize on④, capitulate, carbon footprint, cardinal, cardiovascular, carnage③, carry(lose) the day, case⑩↑(「患者」「症例」「実情」「真相」「論拠」「訴訟」等さまざまな意味で使われる)(←2010-2読解出題), cash in on②, castigate, casualty⑩↑, catalyst④(←2010-2読解出題), , cater, cause⑩↑(「原因」だけではなく「目標、大義」の意味で多用されるn・v), caveat, cease④, cease-fire, cede, celebrity, censor④, censorship③, censure②, champion⑧(「勝者」だけではなく「擁護者」の意味で多用される。n・v), charge(世話をまかされた人), chasten③, chastise, checks and balances, cherish, chime in, choke point, strike a chord, chronic⑥, churn out④, circumvent③, claim⑥(「権利を主張する」、「〈命などを〉奪う」という意味でも使われる), clamor③, clamorous, clandestine②, clandestinely, classified②(機密扱いの), clause(条項), clergy, clout③, cluster, coalition, code(法典), coerce, coercion②, coffer, coherent, cohesion, cohort②(仲間), cognitive, collateral(付随の、担保、担保物件a・n), collateral damage(〈戦闘での〉民間人殺傷), collude, collusion, combustible, conciliatory, command(使いこなせる力), commanding(堂々とした), commend, commencement, commensurate②, commission(委託する)②, commit③, commitment⑩↑(「約束」だけではなく「熱意」、「献身」の意味で多用される), committed④(打ち込んでいる、傾倒した), commotion②, compatible②, compile, complacency②, complacent, compliance, compliant, complication(合併症), complicity, comply③, compound(増幅する), comprehensive③, compromise④(「そこなう」「弱める」という動詞でも使われる), comprise, concede②, conceivable, conceive③, conciliatory(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), concomitantly, concurrence, condescending, condolence, condone, conduit, confer②, confiscate②, congenital, congregation, collateral, confidant, confide, confine, confinement, confidential, conflagration, conformity, confound, congenital, congregate, congregation, conjure, consecutive, consequence⑩(「報い」「代償」の意味で多用される)↑(←2010-2読解出題), conservative(「数字などが」控えめな), considerable(←2010-2読解出題), consolidate, consortium, conspire, conspiracy③, consternation, constipation, constituent③, constituency, constrain, constraint, contagion③, contain(封じ込める)④, contend②, contentious②, contingency(不測事態), contingent(代表団、偶発事件、～次第の)②, contraband③, contract(収縮する)②, contraption, controversy, convert, copycat③, commission③, contend, conundrum⑤, converge, convergence, convert, counterpart⑤, corpse, count(重要である), counterpart, counterweight, convert, courtesy②, covet, covert, covertly, cozy, crackdown④, crack down on⑤, cradle, crave②, credentials③, credit(功績n・v)⑩(←2010-2読解出題), creed, creeping, cremate, crisscross, critical⑥(重大な」「危機の」という意味でも多用される)(←2010-2読解出題), crony, cronyism, crop up, crucial③, cull②, culprit⑤, culminate, culmination, cumulate, cumulative, curb, curfew②, curse②, curry favor (with someone), curtail②(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), custody④(親権、拘留), cutting-edge, dampen②, dash(〈希望などを〉くじく), daunt, daunting⑤, dazzle(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , debacle②, dearth, debunk②, decamp, decapitate, decease②, decipher, decline(断る、衰える), decree(n・v)②, decry②, deduct, deduction, deem⑩↑, default⑥, defect②, defector, defendant, defer, deference②, defiant, defiance, deficit, deficiency, deft, defuse③(←2010-2語彙正答的中), defy⑤, deflect, degradation②, delegate, deliberate, deliberation②, deluded, deluge(←2010-2語彙出題後収録),demeanor, dementia, demise(←2010-2読解出題), demobilize, demolish④, demolition, demote, dent(影響), make a dent, denounce④, degrade③, degradation②, deplete③, deplore③, deploy⑩↑, deployment③, deport②, deportation②, depose, deprivation, derail, depreciation, deride②, derivative, deserted, despondent②, despot, despotism, desertification, designation, destabilize, destitute③, detain, detainee②, detention④, deter③(←2010-2読解出題), deterrent②, detriment, detrimental②, deterioration, detonate②, devaluation, devastate⑤, devastating⑥, devastation⑤, deviate, devise⑤, devour③, devout③, dexterity, diagnosis④, diaspora, dignitary, dilapidate②, dilute, dire③, discharge, disband(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), disclosure, discreet, discreetly, discretion(「分別」「裁量権」), disdain, discretionary, disgruntled②, dismal②, dismantle(←2010-2読解出題), disparity⑤, dispatch⑦, dispel, dispensary, disperse, disposable income②, disruption, disseminate, dissident⑥(←2010-2読解出題), dissuade, dissipate②(←2010-2読解出題), , distort⑤, distortion③, distract②, distraction, distress, distressing, distraught, disturbing, dither, diverse③, diversification, diversion, diversify②, diversity⑥(←2010-2読解で関連語biodiversityが出題), , divert, dividend③, divvy up, domination, dormant, downplay②(←2010-2読解出題), draconian③, draft(徴兵、徴兵する), drawback, dub②, dubious③, duplicate, dwarf②, dwindle④, earmark②, ebb②, economies of scale③, effigy②, egalitarian, egregious③, eke out②, elastic, elation, elicit(←2010-2語彙正答的中), eclipse(〈太陽、月の〉食、しのぐ), egg on, egregious, eke out②, eligible, eliminate ⑤, elude②, elusive②(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , emanate②, emancipate, emasculate, embargo②, embattled, embed③(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), embody⑩↑, embolden③, embrace⑩↑(「抱擁する」のほかに「受け入れる」という意味でしばしば使われる), embroil, eminent, emission③, emit, empathy, emulate, enact③, enclave, encompass, encroach, endemic, endorse④, enforcement②, engrave, engulf, enigma②, enlighten④, enlist, enmity③, enrage, enshrine, entice③(←2010-2読解出題), entitle③, entitlement③, entrenched④, envision, envoy, enzyme②, epicenter, epidemic, epitomize③, equitable, equation②, equilibrium, equity, equivalent③, eradicate, erode②, erosion, erratic, erupt, eschew(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), espouse②, euphemism, euphoria, euthanasia, evacuate, evade, evasion, evaporate, evasive, evict, evoke, exacerbate(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), exasperate, excerpt, excruciating, exhilarating, exile④, exodus③(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , exorbitant, expatriate⑦, expedite, expel, expertise②, expire, explicable, exploit⑩↑, exploration②, exponential, exponentially, exposure, exquisite, extinct, extinction, extort②, extortion②, extract, extraction, extradite②, extradition, extravagant②

TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしいからの英検１級語彙対策Part2(f～n)

fabricate, fabulous, facilitate⑤, faction, faculty(学部の教授陣)②(←2010-2読解出題), fallacy, fallout②(放射性降下物、後遺症), falter, fatigue(作業服、野戦服), feasible, feat, feature(n「特徴」・v「呼び物にする、特集する」)⑩↑, feeble, felon②, felony, fend off(←2010-2読解出題), ferocious③, ferocity②, ferment, fermentation, fertile②, fester④, fetch②(ある値で売れる), feud, fiasco④, fiefdom, field(処理する、答える), fierce②, finite, firsthand, flash point②, flaunt(←2010-2語彙正答的中), flaw③, flawed②(←2010-2読解出題), , fledgling, flee, fleeting, flexing one's muscle③, flirt, fluctuation(←2010-2語彙で動詞fluctuateが的中), flummox, flounder, foe, foment, footage, forclose, forensic, forestall, forfeit, forge, forego, foresee, foreseeable, forestall, fork out, forlorn, formidable③, for starters, fortify③, fortress, foster②, fragment, fraternal, fraud, fray②, freak out, freewheeling, frenetic, fret②, fringe benefit, frivolous, fugitive, full-fledged②, funnel, fury,　futile②, fungus, gain(gather⇔lose) ground②, gain momentum, galvanize②(駆りたてる), generic, garner③, gastrointestinal, geopolitical④, gimmick, given⑩↑(「～を考慮すれば」という意味の前置詞としてしばしば使われる)(←2010-2読解出題), glamorous, glass ceiling②, glimpse, glut②, grant②, grapple③, gratification, grid②, grievance③(←2010-2語彙正答的中), grim, grudgingly, grumble③(←2010-2読解出題),
　haggle, hamstring, handpick, hands-on, hail②(歓呼して迎える), hail from③, halt②, hammer out, hamper, handout, harbinger, harbor②(「抱く〈いだく〉」「かくまう」), harness④(利用する), harrowing④, haughty, haul③, haunt, haunting, haven③, havoc, wreak(play) havoc with, hawk(売り歩く), hazy, headlong, heavy-handed, hedonism, heed(←2010-2読解出題), heedless②, hefty, hegemony, heinous②, helm, hereditary, heretical, hermit, heyday⑤, hibernation, hidebound, hideous, hilarious, hinder②, hindsight②, hinge on②(←2010-2読解出題), hinterland④, hoard③, hobble, holistic, hollow out, in honor of, hostilities③(複数形で「交戦状態」の意味を持つ), hover, huddle, humble, hunch, hustle, hype⑤, hunker down, hype, hypothesize, iconic, identify⑥(←2010-2読解出題), , ignite, illicit③, illuminate, illuminating, illiterate③, imminent, immune, immunity, impair, impeach(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), impeccable②, impede②, impediment, impending, imperative⑩↑(←2010-2読解出題), impetus, implicate implore, imposing②(堂々たる), imprudent, impoverished, impunity, inadvertent, inaugurate②, inauguration, incarcerate②, incarceration, incentive⑤(←2010-2読解出題), incentivize, incest, incinerate, incite, inconceivable, incorporate④, incredulous, incremental, incumbent④, incur②, indictment②, indigenous③, indoctrination, induce, indulgent, inept④, inertia, infallible, infatuation, infertile, infiltrate③, infinite, inflict②, infuse, infuriate, influx⑥, infringement, infuse, infusion, ingenious②, ingredient②, inhale, inhibition, initiate③, initiative⑩↑(「新規構想」の意味で多用される), inmate, innate, innocuous, inoculate, insatiable, insidious, insomnia, insolvency②, instill③, insulate, insular, insurgency④, insurgent⑦, insurmountable③, intact, integrate⑤, integration③, integrity, interim, intertwine, intermittently, interrogate②, interrogation④, intransigent, intrigue, intriguing③, introspection, intoxicate, intractable, intransigence④, intrigue(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), inundate②, invasive(←2010-2読解出題), inventory, invincible, invoke, irrelevance②, irrelevant⑤(←2010-2読解出題), irreversible, irrigation②, itinerant, itinerary②, jeopardize, jingoistic, jitter, jittery, judicious②, juggernaut②, junta, jurisdiction, jury, knockoff②, lambaste, lag, lag behind②, laggard, laggardness, languish④, at large, latitude, laudable, lavish③, lax②, lenient③, leniency, liable, liability, lapse, launch⑩↑, layman, leg(旅程), legitimacy⑤(合法性、正当性), linchpin③, linger④, lineage, levelheaded, leverage③, levy②, liquidity, literacy②, loath(←2010-2読解出題), loathe, lobby, logistics, loom②, loot③, lucrative⑥, lukewarm, lurk②, lust, malnourished, makeshift②, makeover②, makeup, malady, malaise, malevolent, malign, malignant(悪性の), mandate④, mandatory③, manipulate④, manipulation③, mantra②, mar, marginalize②, merit(長所), marshal, martyr②, massacre③, mastermind, matter(重要である)③, maxim, mayhem⑤, meager③, meddle, mediocre, mend one's fences, menial②, mesmerize, meticulously, militia④, mire②, molecular, miscarriage, misgiving, mitigate②, mobilize, modify(←2010-2読解出題), mogul, mollify, momentum, moratorium(←2010-2読解出題), moribund, morph②, mortgage④, mount(開始する)④, muddle②, multiply, mundane, muster②, mutilation③, muzzle, myriad(←2010-2読解出題), narcotic, nascent③, needy, nemesis, nepotism, nexus, niche, nominal, novice, nudge(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), numerous, nuptial

TIME,NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事からの英検１級語彙対策Part3(o～z)

obscure③, obscurity, obesity, obliterate, oblivious, obsess, obsession, obsolete, odds, at odds④, offense(違反、犯罪), opaque, opaqueness, opine②, ordain, ordeal③, oligarch, ominous, ordain, ordinance②, ornate, opacity, ostensible②, ostracism②, ostracize③, ouster, outlandish, outlet②, outlook, outrageous, outright③, overhead(諸経費), overdue, overt, pacify, pact(協定、条約)③, palatable②, palpable③, pamper, pandemic④, pan put②(←2010-2語彙正答的中), paragon, paralyze, paramount, parasite, pariah③, patriarchal, parishioner, parole, payroll, peddle②, peer, pelt, penchant②, penetrate(←2010-2読解出題), perch③, perish, perjury, perpetrate②, perpetrator②, pertinent, pester, pesticide, pervasive②, petite②, petition④, phenomenal(驚異的な)③, philanthropy, photo op, pilfer, pilgrimage, piracy, pitch③(売り込み口上), pivotal④, placate③, placebo, placid③, plagiarize, plague⑤, plaintiff④, platform⑤(綱領、公約), plausible③(←2010-2読解出題), plausibly, plea, pledge, plight⑥, pluck, plummet⑤, plunge③, pluralistic, plurality, plush, poach, poignant, poised②(態勢ができている), polemic, poll(世論調査、投票数), pollinate③, ponder, pore over, pork barrel, pose⑤(突きつける)(←2010-2読解出題), poster child, pragmatic⑩↑, precarious, precipitate(促進する), predatory④, predecessor⑤(←2010-2読解出題), predicament②, premiere, premise②, prerequisite②, prescient, prescribe⑤, preside④, pressing(差し迫った), presumably, prevail⑩↑(勝る、流布する), prevailing④(一般的な、支配的な), prevalence, prevalent②, prickly, pristine②, probe②(n・v), prod(促す), profane, profess, profligate②, proliferate④, proliferation④, prolific②, profligacy, promising②(有望な), prone③, propagate, proponent, proprietor, projection(予測)③, prop②(←2010-2読解出題), propagate, propensity, proponent③, proprietor, protagonist②, protocol, protract②, provincial, prudent, provision③, provocation②, provocative③, provoke③, prowess②, proximity, proxy③, pry, pundit④, punitive③, purge, quagmire, quantify, quarantine, quell, rack, raid②, rail, ramble②, racy, rally, ramification③, ram into, rampage④, rampant⑩↑, ramp up, ramshackle, rank, rank-and-file②, rankle, ransack(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , ransom③, rapacious, ratchet up③, ratify②, ratification, ration, rationale③, ravage⑤, raze, reassuring(←2010-2読解出題), rebel③, rebellion, rebellious③, rebuff, rebuke, recant, recede, recession, reckon③, reclaim(取り戻す、干拓する), reclusive, recrimination, recruit(新兵、新人), red tape⑤, redeem, redeemable, redress②, redundant, refurbish③, refurnish, refute, regime(政権〈しばしば特定政権に対して軽蔑的に用いる〉)⑤(←2010-2読解出題), regressive, rehabilitation, reimburse②, reincarnation, rein in②, reiterate, rejuvenate, relapse, relegate, relent, relentless, relevant⑩↑, relinquish, remains(遺骨), reminiscence, remittance, remnant, remorse, render③, renegade, renege, renounce②, renovate, reparation, repatriate, repeal, repercussion, replenish, repressive④(←2010-2読解出題), repudiate, repudiation, repugnant, rejuvenate, resentment, residue, resilient③, resonant, resonate③(共感を与える)(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), respectively, respiratory, restive, resume③, resumption②, resurgence③(←2010-2読解出題), resurrection, resuscitate③, retaliate, retaliation, retard(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , rationale②, retract, retribution, retrospection, restive, retain, reticent, revamp③(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), revere②, reverence②, revile②, rev up, revoke②, riddle②, rife③, rip, ripe, rigorous③, rile, ring（徒党、一味）, ringleader, rivet, roam④, robust⑦, robustness, roil④, rogue②, root out, row③, rudimentary③, rule of law(法の支配), rumble, runoff, rupture, sabbatical, saber-rattling, saddle④(課する、負わせる), salvation, sanguine, savor, sanction⑥(制裁する、公認するn・v), sanitize②, saturated, scathing, scavenge, scheme, scoff②, scourge, scramble②, scrutinize⑤, scrutiny⑤, seasoned②(「場数を踏んだ」位の意味), secession, secular②, seclude, sectarian②(←2010-2語彙ダミー的中), seep, self-sufficient, segregate, setback, sever⑥, shatter, shackle, shed, shed light on, shell out, shelve(棚上げする), showcase, showdown, shrewd③, shrivel, siege②, significant(有意な), silver bullet, simmer②, sizable, skewed, skirmish③, skirt, skittish, slap②(課する), slash, slate, slay③, sleek, sluggish③, smack, smolder②, smother, smuggle④, soar⑥, sober②, sobering③, solicit②, solidarity, solvency, solvent②, somber(←2010-2語彙出題後収録), sound bite, spat, spare, sparsely, spat, spawn③, spearhead②, specter, spike(急上昇する、急増)⑤, spin(解釈、偏向), spook, sporadic, spouse, spousal, sprawl②, spree③, sprout up, squeeze, squint, stagger, staggering②, stagnate③, stake⑤, at stake⑤, stale②, stalemate②, stall②, stalwart, stamp out③, stampede, standoff, startling, stagnant, stagnate, stark, state-of-the-art③, staunch, stave off③, stealth, sterile, stigma③, sting(おとり捜査), stipulate, stall(立ち往生させる), stoke(かき立てる)②, straitjacket, strain, strike(cut) a deal, strand②, strangle, stronghold, stem④, stem from②, sterilization, steward, stifle③, stigma②, stoke, straddle, strike a chord, strain, strangle, strenuous, stringent, stroll, stronghold, stumble, stump(遊説する), stunt②, stymie, subdue④, subordinate②, subject(被験者)③, sublime, submerge, subscribe③, subsequent, subservient②, subsidiary③, subsidize③, subsidy⑤, subsistence②, substantially, substantive(相当の), subvert, subversive, succumb⑤, suffocate, supplant, suppress, surge⑩↑, subside②, sue⑤, surmount, surreptitious, surrogate②, susceptible⑤, sustainable⑩↑, sustainability③, swagger, swath, sway(影響力), swear in, sweatshop, sweep out, sweeping②, swindle②, synonymous③, tacit④, tailor, taint②, tally③, tame④, tangible②, tantalizing, tantamount, take no chances, tap(「～を利用する」「盗聴する」), tap into②, tariff, tarnish③, tear down, technical(厳密な、建前の), teeming, temper, template②, tenable, tenacious, tenacity, tenet②, tentative②, terrain③, testament, theocracy, theocratic, thorny, threshold, throng, thrust, thwart④, tilt②, tinker③, tissue(組織), tit for tat③, toil, tolerate, tolerance, toll, take its ［a］toll, topple④, totalitarian, tout⑤, traction②, trailblazer, trait③, trajectory③, trample②, transcend, transcendent, transparency②, transparent②, treacherous⑤, tributary, truce, trumpet③(吹聴する), turbulence, turmoil⑤, turnout(投票〈者〉数), ubiquitous③, ubiquity, ultimatum, unabated②, undercut③, underlying③, undergo(←2010-2読解出題), undermine⑩↑, underpin②, underscore②, undertake, underwrite, undeterred, undo②, unfettered, unflattering, unfold②, unfounded②, unimpeded, unleash⑥, unpalatable, unprecedented⑧, unscrupulous, unravel⑧, unrelenting②, unsavory, unscathed, untamed, untangle, untapped④, untenable, upheaval(←2010-2読解出題), uphold(←2010-2読解出題), uproot, upshot, usher in③, utility, valid③, validity②, vandalize, vandalism, vanguard②, vanish, vanquish③, vaporize, vaunt, veer(←2010-2語彙出題後収録),verge, on the verge of⑤, vehement, velocity, vendetta, venerate, venerable, venue③, verdict②, verify②, versatile④, versed, vested interest, vestige, veto⑤, vex②, via, viable, vibrant②, vicinity(←2010-2語彙出題後収録),, vie②, be vying with(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , vilify, validate②, vibrant④, vigilance, vigilant, vindicate, virulent②, visionary, vogue, void③, volatile⑤, volunteer(ボランティア、志願兵), voracious②, vulnerability, vulnerable⑩↑, wake(跡), in the wake of(～の後に続いて), wane③, ward(病棟), ward off, warlord⑤, wary②, watershed, wayward②, wean off, weary, weather(切り抜ける)②,whitewash, wind up(行き着く), wipe out, wield, whack, whisk, woe④, wreck②, wreak havoc on, write off(←2010-3語彙正答的中), , xenophobic, yank, zero in on②