in spades

Gary Marcus and Ernest Davisの "Rebooting AI" を読んでいます。

Broad intelligence, where progress has been much slower, is about being able to adapt flexibility to a world that is fundamentally open-ended--which is the one thing humans have, in spades, that machines haven't yet touched. But that's where the field needs to go, if we are to take AI to the next level.

"in spades" は以前（2/5/2014）取り上げていますが、その時の意味（without question and beyond doubt）ちょっと違うようなので再度辞書をみます。

・Collins COBUILD Idioms Dictionary:
1. If you have something in spades, you have a lot of it. The job required determination and ambition — and she had both qualities in spades.
2. If something happens in spades, it happens to a great degree. All this effort has paid off in spades.
・Wiktionary: n large quantities; to a high degree; to excess, without restraint.: Last year we harvested almost no potatoes, but this year we're getting them in spades.
Etymology: From the card game of bridge, in which spades is the highest suit. Perhaps influenced by phrases with similar meaning, in spadefuls or in spate.