文法 中学2年生

自分の為のメモ

★beside ＋～self われを忘れて

 -They were beside themselves with joy.

★for ～self 自分のために

-I studied very hard for myself.

★感嘆文 なんて～なんでしょう

-名詞を強調⇒What a(an)＋形容詞＋名詞＋主語＋動詞！

-形容詞を強調⇒How＋形容詞(副詞)＋主語＋動詞！ 

 -What a smart boy he is !

 -How smart that boy is!

-What expensive books he has!

-How expenseve his book is!

-What short pencil this is!

-How short this pencil is!

-How fast he can ran!

主語と動詞を省略する場合もある

-What a high building!

-How nice

 

★命令文＋～，Will you? ～して下さいね。

-Don't be noisy,will you?

-Turn on the light,will you?

 

★Let's ～ ＋ ～，shall we ? ～しましょうよ。

Let's play soccer,shall we?

 

★動名詞と不定詞の違い(暗記)

①動名詞、不定詞が両方使える動詞

・begin ・start ・like ・hate ・intend(～するつもり) ・prefare   etc...

He began studying English.  He began to study English.

We will start studying English at 7PM. We will start to do homework at 7P.M.

I like watching TV.     I like to TV.

She hate swimming. She hate to swim in the sea.

They intend playing the guiter.  They intend to play the guiter.

I prefare walking there.  I prefare to walk there.

 

②動名詞(～ing)だけ使える動詞 

・enjoy ・finish ・avoid(さける) ・give up ・mind(気にする)

 I enjoyed taiking togther.

He finish writing the letter.

She avoid driving the car.

He give up buying new CD.

You do not mind being late.

③不定詞(to 動詞)だけ使える動詞

・want ・hope ・decid ・expect ・promise

 I want to play baseball.

She hope to come to the park with you.

He decid to study heard.

They ecpect you to pass the exam. 

I promise you to come back here.

 

④動名詞と不定詞で意味がかわる動詞

・try ・stop ・remember ・forget

try < try ～ing＝ 試しに～してみる  try to ～  ＝ ～しようと努める

I tried writing letter in English. 私は試しに英語の手紙を書いてみた。

I tried to write letter in English.私は英語で手紙を書くよう努めた。

 

stop

He stoped smorking.  彼は煙草を辞めた。

He stop to smork.  彼は煙草をすうために立ち止まった。

remember

I remember calling him.    私は彼に電話したことを覚えている。

I remember to call him.    私は彼に電話することを覚えている。

 

forget

I will never forget meeting you. 

Don't forget to meet me. 

文法 中学1年生

中学1年生レベルで自分ができてないもの達のメモ。

★Why don't you～？ ～してみてはどうですか？(提案だが少し命令的な要素もある)

-Why don't you come to my house?

-Why don't you be a good boy?

-Why don't you write our blog?

 

★Who＋一般動詞＋～？誰が～しますか？

-Who buys a new bike?

-Who won the game?

 

★代名詞＋形容詞 -thing,-one,-body

-I want something cold to drink.

-We saw someone strange at the station.

 

★分類なし

-I found the book interesting.  その本は読んでみるとおもしろかった。

 

★少ない、たくさん

数えられる名刺につくもの  many,a few

-There are many pencils on the desk.

-He has a few books.

数えられない名刺につくもの much, a little

-She has much money.

-We had a little rain this summer.

両方 a lot of

-I have a lot of friends.

-You have a lot of work.

 

★日付、〇番、第〇の数字の変化

1 first   2 second   3 third  5 fifth 9 ninth 12 twelfth 20 twentieth 80 eighth

 

★接続詞

1-And

代名詞をつなぐ場合は、「２人称＞３人称＞１人称」の順番にします。

例文：

You, he and I are good friends.

2-命令文＋and  ～しなさいそうすれば

Study heard, and you will pass the entrance exam.

3-命令文＋or ～しなさい さもないと・・

Study heard, or you will fail the entrance exam.

4-not A but B  AではなくB

That animal is not a dog but a big cat.

 

5-not only A but (also)B  AだけでなくBも

He can speak not only Chenese but Japanese.

Not only you but I am to blame

 

6-both A and B AもBも

I like both curry rice and hayashi rice.

Both you and I are travler.

 

7-neither A nor B AもBも～ない

I can neither write nor speak French.

Neither you nor I am healthy.

 

8-Either A or B  AかBのどちらか

You can keep either this book or that one.

Either he or she has the CD.

 

9-when & if 節の時制

過去のことは過去形(When節のみ)未来のことは現在形で。

When he comes , I will give him this preserent.

If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.

 

10-as soon as ～するとすぐに

I kept to the toilet as soon as I arrived at school.

As soon as I arrived at school,I kept to the toilet.

 

11-So ～that・・・ とても～なので・・・ 、～That ＋主語＋can・・・とても～なので・・・できる、too ～ to ・・・ とても～なので・・・できない

I was so hungry that I ate grass.

He feels so bad that he cannot take part in the game.

He feels too bad to take part in the game.

 

★Let's not 動詞の原形 ～しないでおきましょう。(相手を軽く否定する時に使う)

Let's not go there.