フィリピン若しくはベトナムに会社設立することになりそうで
会社法について調べ始めた。
インドネシア、マレーシアも候補の一つであったが、
物価上昇に伴う給与アップが両国ネックになりそうで断念。
残る候補は、フィリピンとベトナムとなったが
両国の会社法を比較することにした。
ベトナムのメリット
１、親日性と日本人の生活しやすい
ベトナム人は日本語学習のニーズが高く、日本語の会話が可能なベトナム人は比較的
多くいます。また、生活習慣や食事は、日本人が好み傾向があります。仏教国でも
あり、習慣など似た傾向があります。
２、雇用コストが安く、資源も豊富
他の3カ国と比べても、労働賃金は最も安い水準です。
３、若くて質が高い人材豊富
国民の平均年齢が30歳程度、教育熱心な国民性であり、質の高い労働力が豊富です。
４、右肩上がりの経済成長
経済成長率は５％以上で推移をしています。海外投資も盛んで、ここ15年は安定した
経済発展を続けています。
５、政治の安定性と産業政策
政治的にはきわめて安定しています。海外投資を受け入れるための開放政策が進ん
でいます。IT分野（CADも含む）では減税の措置もとられています。
ベトナムのデメリット
１、インフラ設備が未整備
いまだに農業国であり、道路、鉄道などの基礎的なインフラが不足しています。今後環境対策、
交通渋滞対策が必要になるものと思います。
２、国と国民との意識の相違と矛盾した法整備
未だ賄賂が平然と行われるなど、法整備が明確に行われておりません。中央政府で決定された
ことが、途中で変更されて混乱をきたす場合もあります。
３、労働者の離職率が高い
労働賃金は安いのですが、少しでも高い職業に移動する意識は高く比較的離職率が高い傾向
があります。近年はやや沈静化しています。
フィリピンは？
フィリピンの会社法について、調べてみた。148ページもあって大変でしたが、先ほどやっと調べ終わりました。
長文の英文なのでどうかとは思ったが、まあ、日本の会社法をある程度理解していれば英文でも理解はできるものですね。
QUOTE
フィリピンの会社法
THE CORPORATION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 2. Corporation Defined. — A corporation is an artificial being created by operation of law, having the right of succession and the powers, attributes and properties expressly authorized by law or incident to its existence.
SECTION 3. Classes of Corporations. — Corporations formed or organized under this Code may be stock or non-stock corporations. Corporations which have capital stock divided into shares and are authorized to distribute to the holders of such shares dividends or allotments of the surplus profits on the basis of the shares held are stock corporations. All other private corporations are non-stock corporations.
SECTION 6. Classification of Shares. — The shares of stock of stock corporations may be divided into classes or series of shares, or both, any of which classes or series of shares may have such rights, privileges or restrictions as may be stated in the articles of incorporation: Provided, That no share may be deprived of voting rights except those classified and issued as "preferred" or "redeemable" shares, unless otherwise provided in this Code: Provided, further, That there shall always be a class or series of shares which have complete voting rights. Any or all of the shares or series of shares may have a par value or have no par value as may be provided for in the articles of incorporation: Provided, however, That banks, trust companies, insurance companies, public utilities, and building and loan associations shall not be permitted to issue no-par value shares of stock.
Preferred shares of stock issued by any corporation may be given preference in the distribution of the assets of the corporation in case of liquidation and in the distribution of dividends, or such other preferences as may be stated in the articles of incorporation which are not violative of the provisions of this Code: Provided, That preferred shares of stock may be issued only with a stated par value. The Board of Directors, where authorized in the articles of incorporation, may fix the terms and conditions of preferred shares of stock or any series thereof: Provided, That such terms and conditions shall be effective upon filing of a certificate thereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Shares of capital stock issued without par value shall be deemed fully paid and nonassessable and the holder of such shares shall not be liable to the corporation or to its creditors in respect thereto: Provided, That shares without par value may not be issued for a consideration less than the value of five (P5.00) pesos per share: Provided, further, That the entire consideration received by the corporation for its no-par value shares shall be treated as capital and shall not be available for distribution as dividends.
A corporation may, furthermore, classify its shares for the purpose of insuring compliance with constitutional or legal requirements.
Except as otherwise provided by the articles of incorporation and stated in the certificate of stock, each share shall be equal in all respects to every other share.
Where the articles of incorporation provide for non-voting shares in the cases allowed by this Code, the holders of such shares shall nevertheless be entitled to vote on the following matters:
1. Amendment of the articles of incorporation;
2. Adoption and amendment of by-laws;
3. Sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or other disposition of all or substantially all of the corporate property;
4. Incurring, creating or increasing bonded indebtedness;
5. Increase or decrease of capital stock;
6. Merger or consolidation of the corporation with another corporation or other corporations;
7. Investment of corporate funds in another corporation or business in accordance with this Code; and
8. Dissolution of the corporation.
Except as provided in the immediately preceding paragraph, the vote necessary to approve a particular corporate act as provided in this Code shall be deemed to refer only to stocks with voting rights.
SECTION 10. Number and Qualifications of Incorporators. — Any number of natural persons not less than five (5) but not more than fifteen (15), all of legal age and a majority of whom are residents of the Philippines, may form a private corporation for any lawful purpose or purposes. Each of the incorporators of a stock corporation must own or be a subscriber to at least one (1) share of the capital stock of the corporation.
SECTION 11. Corporate Term. — A corporation shall exist for a period not exceeding fifty (50) years from the date of incorporation unless sooner dissolved or unless said period is extended. The corporate term, as originally stated in the articles of incorporation, may be extended for periods not exceeding fifty (50) years in any single instance by an amendment of the articles of incorporation, in accordance with this Code: Provided, That no extension can be made earlier than five (5) years prior to the original or subsequent expiry date(s) unless there are justifiable reasons for an earlier extension as may be determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
UNQUOTE
会社といっても、株式会社、有限会社、支店、駐在所等の形態があるが、
どれにするかも合わせて検討しなければならない。
設立はまあ、何処の国でもできるでしょうが、
問題は、必要とする従業員の確保と雇用条件等が一番の課題となりそうです。
その他初期投資金額、ランニングコスト等調査しなければならないことは
山ほどあります。
まあ、どうなることやら！
今は、ネットでなんでも調べられるので必要な情報は簡単に手に入るので
便利になったもんだ！
ベトナムは、ベトナム語で書類を作らなければならない
雇用契約書も然り
今日は、久しぶりに天気がいい
釣りにでも行くかと考えていたが
小さなスナックに夜8時から
予約が入ってしまった
鯛は、おあずけ！
会社法について調べ始めた。
インドネシア、マレーシアも候補の一つであったが、
物価上昇に伴う給与アップが両国ネックになりそうで断念。
残る候補は、フィリピンとベトナムとなったが
両国の会社法を比較することにした。
ベトナムのメリット
１、親日性と日本人の生活しやすい
ベトナム人は日本語学習のニーズが高く、日本語の会話が可能なベトナム人は比較的
多くいます。また、生活習慣や食事は、日本人が好み傾向があります。仏教国でも
あり、習慣など似た傾向があります。
２、雇用コストが安く、資源も豊富
他の3カ国と比べても、労働賃金は最も安い水準です。
３、若くて質が高い人材豊富
国民の平均年齢が30歳程度、教育熱心な国民性であり、質の高い労働力が豊富です。
４、右肩上がりの経済成長
経済成長率は５％以上で推移をしています。海外投資も盛んで、ここ15年は安定した
経済発展を続けています。
５、政治の安定性と産業政策
政治的にはきわめて安定しています。海外投資を受け入れるための開放政策が進ん
でいます。IT分野（CADも含む）では減税の措置もとられています。
ベトナムのデメリット
１、インフラ設備が未整備
いまだに農業国であり、道路、鉄道などの基礎的なインフラが不足しています。今後環境対策、
交通渋滞対策が必要になるものと思います。
２、国と国民との意識の相違と矛盾した法整備
未だ賄賂が平然と行われるなど、法整備が明確に行われておりません。中央政府で決定された
ことが、途中で変更されて混乱をきたす場合もあります。
３、労働者の離職率が高い
労働賃金は安いのですが、少しでも高い職業に移動する意識は高く比較的離職率が高い傾向
があります。近年はやや沈静化しています。
フィリピンは？
フィリピンの会社法について、調べてみた。148ページもあって大変でしたが、先ほどやっと調べ終わりました。
長文の英文なのでどうかとは思ったが、まあ、日本の会社法をある程度理解していれば英文でも理解はできるものですね。
QUOTE
フィリピンの会社法
THE CORPORATION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 2. Corporation Defined. — A corporation is an artificial being created by operation of law, having the right of succession and the powers, attributes and properties expressly authorized by law or incident to its existence.
SECTION 3. Classes of Corporations. — Corporations formed or organized under this Code may be stock or non-stock corporations. Corporations which have capital stock divided into shares and are authorized to distribute to the holders of such shares dividends or allotments of the surplus profits on the basis of the shares held are stock corporations. All other private corporations are non-stock corporations.
SECTION 6. Classification of Shares. — The shares of stock of stock corporations may be divided into classes or series of shares, or both, any of which classes or series of shares may have such rights, privileges or restrictions as may be stated in the articles of incorporation: Provided, That no share may be deprived of voting rights except those classified and issued as "preferred" or "redeemable" shares, unless otherwise provided in this Code: Provided, further, That there shall always be a class or series of shares which have complete voting rights. Any or all of the shares or series of shares may have a par value or have no par value as may be provided for in the articles of incorporation: Provided, however, That banks, trust companies, insurance companies, public utilities, and building and loan associations shall not be permitted to issue no-par value shares of stock.
Preferred shares of stock issued by any corporation may be given preference in the distribution of the assets of the corporation in case of liquidation and in the distribution of dividends, or such other preferences as may be stated in the articles of incorporation which are not violative of the provisions of this Code: Provided, That preferred shares of stock may be issued only with a stated par value. The Board of Directors, where authorized in the articles of incorporation, may fix the terms and conditions of preferred shares of stock or any series thereof: Provided, That such terms and conditions shall be effective upon filing of a certificate thereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Shares of capital stock issued without par value shall be deemed fully paid and nonassessable and the holder of such shares shall not be liable to the corporation or to its creditors in respect thereto: Provided, That shares without par value may not be issued for a consideration less than the value of five (P5.00) pesos per share: Provided, further, That the entire consideration received by the corporation for its no-par value shares shall be treated as capital and shall not be available for distribution as dividends.
A corporation may, furthermore, classify its shares for the purpose of insuring compliance with constitutional or legal requirements.
Except as otherwise provided by the articles of incorporation and stated in the certificate of stock, each share shall be equal in all respects to every other share.
Where the articles of incorporation provide for non-voting shares in the cases allowed by this Code, the holders of such shares shall nevertheless be entitled to vote on the following matters:
1. Amendment of the articles of incorporation;
2. Adoption and amendment of by-laws;
3. Sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or other disposition of all or substantially all of the corporate property;
4. Incurring, creating or increasing bonded indebtedness;
5. Increase or decrease of capital stock;
6. Merger or consolidation of the corporation with another corporation or other corporations;
7. Investment of corporate funds in another corporation or business in accordance with this Code; and
8. Dissolution of the corporation.
Except as provided in the immediately preceding paragraph, the vote necessary to approve a particular corporate act as provided in this Code shall be deemed to refer only to stocks with voting rights.
SECTION 10. Number and Qualifications of Incorporators. — Any number of natural persons not less than five (5) but not more than fifteen (15), all of legal age and a majority of whom are residents of the Philippines, may form a private corporation for any lawful purpose or purposes. Each of the incorporators of a stock corporation must own or be a subscriber to at least one (1) share of the capital stock of the corporation.
SECTION 11. Corporate Term. — A corporation shall exist for a period not exceeding fifty (50) years from the date of incorporation unless sooner dissolved or unless said period is extended. The corporate term, as originally stated in the articles of incorporation, may be extended for periods not exceeding fifty (50) years in any single instance by an amendment of the articles of incorporation, in accordance with this Code: Provided, That no extension can be made earlier than five (5) years prior to the original or subsequent expiry date(s) unless there are justifiable reasons for an earlier extension as may be determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
UNQUOTE
会社といっても、株式会社、有限会社、支店、駐在所等の形態があるが、
どれにするかも合わせて検討しなければならない。
設立はまあ、何処の国でもできるでしょうが、
問題は、必要とする従業員の確保と雇用条件等が一番の課題となりそうです。
その他初期投資金額、ランニングコスト等調査しなければならないことは
山ほどあります。
まあ、どうなることやら！
今は、ネットでなんでも調べられるので必要な情報は簡単に手に入るので
便利になったもんだ！
ベトナムは、ベトナム語で書類を作らなければならない
雇用契約書も然り
今日は、久しぶりに天気がいい
釣りにでも行くかと考えていたが
小さなスナックに夜8時から
予約が入ってしまった
鯛は、おあずけ！
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