goo

About a free module

2019-12-16 01:52:59 | Mathematics
Naoto Meguro. Amateur.
MSC 2010. Primary 13C10 ;Secondary 13C99 .
Key Words and Phrases. A direct sum, countable sums.
The abstract. A direct sum of the commutative ring becomes a zero module.
                              1

I indicate defect of the homological algebra. You may have to correct many theorems.
                              2

Let A be a commutative ring.
Put e(1)=(1,0,0,…(infinitely)),e(2)=(0,1,0,0,…),…, ae(1)=(a,0,0,…),ae(2)=(0,a,0,0,…),….
0e(n)=0e(m)=(0,0,…) (n,m ∈N). Define ae(m)+a"e(m)=(a+a")e(m) (a,a"∈A, m∈N).
Define ∑n∈Na(n)=a(1)+a(2)+…(infinitely)=…((a(1)+a(2))+a(3))+…(infinitely),
(∑n∈N a(n))+(∑n∈N b(n))=∑n∈N(a(n)+b(n)),
F=⊕n∈NAe(n)={∑n∈N a(n)e(n) | a(n)∈A, ∃p∀n((n∈N)∧(n≥p)→(a(n)=0))}, 0"=∑n∈N0 e(n). 0" is the zero of F.
Theorem 1. F={0"}.
Proof. For a∈A and m∈N,
n∈N ae(m)=…((ae(m)+ae(m))+ae(m))+ae(m))+ …(infinitely)=…(2ae(m)+ae(m))+ae(m))+…(infinitely)
=2ae(m)+ae(m)+ae(m)+…(infinitely). (∑n∈N -ae(m))+(∑n∈N ae(m))=(-ae(m)+ae(m))+(-ae(m)+ae(m))+…
=(-ae(m)+2ae(m))+(-ae(m)+ae(m))+(-ae(m)+ae(m))+…=0e(m)+0e(m)+…=ae(m)+0e(m)+0e(m)+…
=0e(1)+0e(2)+…=0"=0e(1)+…+0e(m-1)+ae(m)+0e(m+1)+….
The elements of F are finite sums of ones like the last formula and are 0". ♦
Let M={m1,m2,…} be a countable set. Define e(mi)=e(i).By theorem 1,F"=⊕m∈M Ae(m)={0"}.
When M is an A-module, F"∋(∑1≤n≤pa(n)e(mn))+∑n≥p+1 0e(mn)→(∑1≤n≤p a(n)mn)+0∈M doesn't become a mapping.
Let L and L" be A-modules. If L×L" is a countable set, L⊗AL"=⊕(x,y)∈L×L" Ze((x,y))/0⊗A0 is a zero module.
For 0→2ZZZ/2Z→0 (exact),
2ZZ(Z/2Z)(=0)→ZZ(Z/2Z)(=0)→(Z/2Z)⊗Z(Z/2Z)(=Z/2Z)→0 (exact) isn't formed.
You cannot get the tensor product except the cases like (A/I)⊗AM=M/IM. M is an A-module and
I is an ideal of A.
                               3

Generally,you cannot get projective resolution of the A module. You will be to treat only Noetherian ring A and
finitely generated A-modules. It may be enough to evolve the commutative algebra.
goo | コメント ( 0 ) | トラックバック ( 0 )