Essay代写：American Hollywood movies

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- American Hollywood movies，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的好莱坞电影。好莱坞电影是美国流行文化的产物，也是美国文化产业成功的文化产品之一，它题材广泛，内容丰富，通过镜头来体现美国社会生活，反映美国的民族文化特点。好莱坞电影完整的叙事结构成熟地体现了人们对合理秩序的普遍需求。同时，好莱坞电影还借助美国的政治、文化、商业优势，使影片行销全世界，由此建立一种强大的叙事话语权，叙述的内容是典型的美国文化。

Pop culture is relative to high culture, which generally includes classical culture, music, high art, serious novels, etc. It is highbrow culture, which is the cultural works appreciated by relatively few educated people. However, pop culture refers to the "popular and universally available artificial products". With the development of modern science and technology and the abundance of scientific and technological products, people are exposed to the influence of pop culture all the time, either actively or passively. These visual cultures transmit certain information and assume certain social functions, among which the cultural information in films and TV shows reflects the characteristics of their own countries.

The diversity and inclusiveness of Hollywood movies and the publicity means of global movie vision make Hollywood movies popular all over the world, create huge economic benefits for the American cultural industry, and promote the core values of the American people. In the final analysis, Hollywood is a cultural factory. At the same time, with its skillful commercial operation, Hollywood film has established its dominant position in the world film industry. The basic themes of American movies are love, justice, family, affection and so on. These are not only the perfect values that the United States is willing to advertise as a country, but also the common concern of all mankind. The "American dream" narrated by Hollywood movies is the Eden that people in other parts of the world yearn for. The complete narrative structure of American films reflects the universal demand for reasonable order. At the same time, Hollywood films also make use of the political, cultural and commercial advantages of the United States to promote the films all over the world, so as to establish a strong narrative power. The narrative content is typical American culture. Whether romantic, action or even science fiction films, they all promote mainstream American values and culture without exception.

The United States has always been among the world's top powers because of its advanced economy and mastery of the world's most cutting-edge technology. Under the strategic goal of cultural imperialism and cultural export, American pop culture hyped its scientific and technological products and cutting-edge technology as one of the most effective means to publicize its scientific spirit. Hollywood shows cutting-edge technology and the promise of the future. American film has created its unique culture by various visual modeling and high-tech means, which is reflected in its text composition and visual image creation. The "speed and passion" series is a series of films themed on racing cars. From the first one in 2001 to the seventh one in 2015, it has been widely loved by audiences all over the world, especially by teenagers. As the name of the film indicates, "speed" and "passion" are the selling points of the film. In the film, the means to achieve "speed" and "passion" is modern technology. "American brand" ford, dodge, ferrari and other models run through the whole series of movies. Therefore, the high-performance car model well reflects the advanced science and technology of the United States, and at the same time, it also skillfully promotes the American products. Secondly, the production and shooting of the movie also successfully show that the American high-tech is unique in the world. In the film, the completion of grand explosion scenes and intense chase scenes relies on the modern and cutting-edge science and technology, so that the audience can enjoy a strong visual feast in the cinema. In "fast and furious", the investor spent 5 million dollars to "revive" Paul, which also reflects that the United States focuses on the future science and technology and attaches great importance to the development of future science and technology.

Individualism is the core of the world outlook and values of the American people. It believes that the value of individuals is higher than everything else. Therefore, in Hollywood movies, individualism is everywhere and heroism is born. The myth of heroes in Hollywood movies is an important factor in the success of Hollywood. In "the fast and the furious," such individual heroism is more grounded and more humanly expressed. Heroes of the original purpose is very simple, for family life and family security, to help his family, for the purpose of personal heroism has saved the world, almost all the heroism in Hollywood film, "no matter how these heroes in the face of complex and diverse, inconsistent situation, they both have very sober rational mind, make rapid deployment, instantly make absolutely correct judgment, can always catch the only percentage just a little chance of winning, and win. Hollywood movies endow these characters with the power of deification, emphasizing the power of individuals and embodying the core values of America.

In addition, in order to better promote their cultural products in the world, Hollywood films absorb and absorb the cultures of other countries and nations, showing the characteristics of multi-culture.

As any kind of social activity reflects certain social culture, represented by Hollywood movies of American popular culture really really reflects the American mainstream values and every aspect of American culture, to understand and grasp the cultural elements of popular culture, for our English learners can better provide rich experience in cross-cultural communication, to better understand the economic and cultural development under the background of globalization and communication, economic construction and cultural construction of socialism to make better contribution.

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Assignment代写：Vocational education in California

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Vocational education in California，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了加州的职业教育。职业教育是一个国家的人才培养支柱，全球各国都在探索职业教育发展的有效路径。而美国是世界上职业教育发达的国家之一，其加州社区学院又是美国职业教育的缩影，在培养适合社区经济需要的高技能人才方面已经形成成熟的教育体系，以它独具特色的职业教育对美国的社会经济发展作出了巨大贡献。

Vocational education is a pillar of talent cultivation for national industrial development, and countries all over the world are exploring effective paths for the development of vocational education. The United States is one of the developed countries of vocational education in the world, and the California community college is the epitome of American vocational education.

The United States is one of the vocational education is the most developed country in the world, and the California community college is a microcosm of vocational education in the United States, in the training for community economy needs a high skill talented person has formed a mature education system, with its unique vocational education to the United States have made great contribution to the development of social economy. From November to December 2015, the author went to California with 22 members of the training group to participate in the "2015 adb loan project professional information technology teacher quality training project in vocational colleges" at the invitation of the us-china training center.

The United States is one of the countries with the most developed education cause in the world, and California is a state with the highest level of education development in the United States, which is the epitome of the developed vocational education in the United States. Education in the United States is mainly funded by the federal government, state governments and local governments at three levels. The federal government does not set up a special education administrative department, but the state and local governments are responsible for education planning, decision-making and management.

At present, American universities implement the degree system of associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctor's degree. Higher education schools are divided into three categories: community colleges, liberal arts colleges and universities. The main difference between a college and a university is that a college is small and usually offers only a bachelor's degree. Take California as an example to introduce its education system.

California has three public higher education systems: UC, university of California, CSU, California state university, and CCC. In addition, there are many private universities and colleges in California, such as Cal Tech, Stanford, USC and so on.

California education includes the elementary education, secondary education, college education, and education, to recognize the 12 years of compulsory education system, including primary education, secondary education for 3 years, 5 years of high school education, 4 years in high school education stage, students can choose according to their learning level and interests docking at the university of different elective courses, after graduating from high school students according to their own situation, choose to apply for entering the university, liberal arts college or community college, also can direct employment.

California vocational education takes "serving the economy and society directly" as its main responsibility, and aims to cultivate talents needed by various industries in the economy and society, thus forming a diversified and systematic vocational education system. Vocational education in California consists of two-year community colleges, state universities focusing on science and technology education, local agro-technical colleges, regional vocational schools, industrial management schools and vocational training centers, among which community colleges are the main force. Take community colleges and vocational training centers as examples to introduce vocational education in California.

California Community College (CCC) is an important part of California's higher education system and the largest regional higher education system in the world. It mainly carries out vocational education, transfer education, adult education, vocational education, community education and so on to provide services for the community. Citizens with a high school diploma or equivalent and 18 years of age or older are accepted by community colleges. CCC provides vocational training for employment, vocational education, curriculum planning for the first two years of a four-year undergraduate program, the awarding of an associate's degree, language training for new immigrants or foreigners, and various quality of life courses for community residents.

The vocational education and training center mainly provides vocational training for specific positions needed by the community, such as dentists, cosmetologists, hairdressers, cooks, primary care workers, and automobile repair workers. The vast majority of its students are adults, high school students can also enter vocational education training center, and high school students are free training. After vocational education trains study, do not have degree, have skill certificate only.

Take the vocational training center of southern California as an example. The vocational education and training center of southern California is jointly established by 6 community colleges in southern California. It provides vocational training and assessment for students of community colleges. The southern California vocational education and training center is funded by the local government and the training center itself.

The curriculum of California community college is rich and diverse, which is known as the "wal-mart" of American higher education, and has become the core of the operation of community college in the form of "selling" various courses.

California community colleges offer a wide variety of courses. As we visit Los Angeles harbor school, the school has more than 100 professional, many specialized subject and professional certification, including accounting, business administration, finance, international business, marketing, real estate, news, English, fire control technology, nursing, architecture technology, art, philosophy, photography, astronomy, computer science, mathematics, dancing, microbiology, geology, anthropology, sociology, family and consumer research, anatomy and oceanography, etc., more than 10000 students, 5000 courses above the door. The courses include vocational courses that are specific to job groups and based on personality, such as "architectural design" course in architecture major. There are also general courses to develop communication skills, team skills, innovation, etc. Some of these courses have credits, credits can be obtained associate degree or vocational certificate; There are also no credit courses, only for the purpose of entertainment, leisure, improve quality, boost personality development.

At Los Angeles seaport college, the practice portion of the professional curriculum is 50 percent or more of the total. In addition, there are many part-time teachers, emphasizing the cultivation of practical operation ability is another feature of the college. The part-time teachers have rich practical experience and practical ability. In addition, the college attaches great importance to cooperating with enterprises to build a laboratory. Enterprises become a platform for students to connect theory with practice and provide students with places and equipment for hands-on practice. Different majors will have corresponding laboratories, which are open to students from 8 o 'clock to 22 o 'clock. For example, students majoring in nursing can practice in the operating room of the college. In such a learning environment, students' practical operation ability is constantly enhanced, and they can quickly adapt to the work requirements of the society, greatly improving the employment rate and showing strong adaptability. 3. Implement individualized teaching

California community college places the highest priority on serving the interests of students, and attaches great importance to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. First of all, the school is very flexible in terms of management, emphasizing the needs of posts and the main role of students in the learning process. The school system is formulated according to industry standards and the needs of communities and enterprises, and is divided into several months, half a month, two years and three years. Most community colleges are open all year round. A course can be taught in one semester or in half or quarter of a semester. In terms of teaching implementation, flexible learning time is adopted. According to the level of students, the length of courses vary, learning time can be determined by the students. Students can study for half a year and work for half a year. Graduation time is also inconsistent, so it is obviously more convenient to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Secondly, in order to fully tap students' potential, many courses are set according to students' needs, so that students can choose according to their own interests and hobbies.

In a California training course, Todd Fitch, a professor at the university of California, Berkeley, advocates this kind of teamwork, arguing that "peer coaching" between students is important, and in some ways even better than what students learn from their teachers. In the classroom, the primary teaching goal is not to teach students knowledge and skills, but to let students learn to learn. Todd Fitch, a professor of "team cooperation study" teaching method, the specific implementation process is: students in 3 ~ 5 people form a group, the teacher set the project or themes, each group students team around this topic to find relevant materials in advance, the classroom is given in team problem solution, debating different solution between team, teachers control the rhythm and summary review, finally each group of mutual between team members, teachers' comprehensive evaluation of each team.

There is a "fail fast" philosophy in silicon valley culture that encourages entrepreneurs to fail fast and start over. This spirit has also been applied to teaching in American colleges and universities. Edison said: "I did not fail, I just found 1000 wrong ways. Often, we learn more from our failures. Professor Todd Fitch deliberately sets a "trap" for questions during the preparation phase of the project theme. The goal is that about 70% of students will make mistakes, and students will reflect on and deepen their understanding of the problem after making mistakes.

Under the teaching mode of "flipped classroom", teachers do not occupy classroom time to teach information, which needs to be completed independently by students through video, blogs, reading electronic materials and so on before class. The "flipped classroom" transfers the decision power of learning from teachers to students. In the "team learning" method, each group of students needs to find relevant materials in advance around the topic assigned by the teacher. American colleges and universities have a pre-class learning system matching with the "flipped classroom", which helps students to break through the time and space restrictions, independently complete the knowledge learning in the "flipped classroom", and make preparations for the "teamwork and mutual learning" before class.

In the "team learning" class, different solutions are debated among different groups. The teacher does not tell the students the correct answer to the question, but guides the students to find the "effective" answer. Usually, students will explore the most "effective" answers and give reasons. Professor Todd Fitch says, "in my classes, I don't usually tell students the right answer, but I ask them why they choose A over C, and then they debate with each other to find the best answer. This works well because they are exposed to the ideas of their peers, and my job is to keep them on track. In this way, we encourage students to discuss, share and learn from each other.

The practice teaching of "team mutual aid learning" seldom USES simulation and simulation teaching AIDS, but real teaching scenes. One is to create a real teaching scene in the school. California is in an earthquake zone, and houses are usually designed with low wooden structures. For example, the teaching assignment of the architecture major of Los Angeles harbor college is to build a real wooden house. Students are divided into groups by structure, plumbing, electrical construction and exterior decoration. The second is to investigate the real production service scene outside the school. For example, as the fine arts major of California state university east bay, teachers regularly lead students to visit various scenic spots, places of interest and historical sites in California, so that students can learn and think in an all-around way in an all-real environment.

In "team learning", students use the student aid system in class to fully grasp the objectives and contents of classroom teaching and understand the learning tasks that need to be completed in and out of class. For example, the Java course teaching of Los Angeles seaport college has a complete set of classroom assisted learning system, which realizes the network from the teaching objectives, key points and difficulties, to the learning materials, classroom exercises, course work, to the submission and evaluation of program works. Teachers use the classroom teaching assistant system to assist in homework correction, statistical analysis of the usual results, team and individual evaluation, comprehensive grade analysis.

45 days of training and study in California, the United States, busy with enrichment, sweat for the harvest, brought back to the vocational education and thinking. The impact of vocational education on the economy cannot be ignored. As vocational colleges, they can carry out specialty setting, curriculum system construction and curriculum content reform according to the regional and enterprise conditions, so as to make it consistent with enterprise practices and well serve regional economic and social development.

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如何正确使用Each和Every

不知道留学生们在写作英文论文的时候，有没有发现each和every在很多时候其实是可以交换使用的，而且也不会改变句子的意思。不过同学们要注意，each和every并不是任何情况下都能互换的，下面就给大家讲解一下。

①成对物件

Each和Every二者的主要区别在于：只有each可以用在成对的物件中

He has a different shoe on each foot.✓

He has a different shoe on every foot.✗

在这种情况下，二者之间是不能进行交换使用的。

②三个或更多的物件

在三个或者超过三个的物件所组成的整体中，二者是可以进行交换使用的。如：

Each dish was filled to the brim.✓

Every dish was filled to the brim.✓

这个时候交换使用所表达的意思相同，而且二者在语法上的用法也是一样的，each和every后面都是跟单数名词或动词。所以，当一组中有三个或者更多的物件时，我们可以随意选用each和every的。

③同时出现each和every

举个例子：I will cuddle each and every kitten in this room!

Each和Every同时使用用于强调和加重语气，这样的用法相对二者单独使用时更具情感冲击力。但是由于二者在语义上是重复的，所以在正式写作中还是要避免这种冗余的出现。

总结：

Each用于一组两个或更多的物件；

Every用于一组三个或更多的物件；

虽然each and every可以一起使用来表示强调，但在正式写作里不太合适。

以上就是关于each和every的写作讲解，希望对大家的写作有所帮助。

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Paper代写：Factors affecting the purchase of packaging

本篇paper代写- Factors affecting the purchase of packaging讨论了包装影响购买的因素。产品包装是在销售过程中是一个营销者的角色，它作为一个售货员的投射来介绍产品的目的，功能性等。消费者选择某一种包装或者是由他的经济所决定，或者是由于包装使用的方便性等。包装的材料、尺寸、外观设计和扩展功能都影响着产品的营销策略及品牌形象，诱导消费者，左右消费者的购买行为。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Consumers choose a kind of packaging is determined by his economy, or because of the convenience of packaging use. Consumer understanding of the product can be obtained from the packaging materials, different types of material products packaging will increase or reduce consumer awareness of the value and relative status of the product. Packaging can provide aesthetic and secondary use of the function.

Product packaging is in the sales process is a marketer's role, it as a salesman projection to introduce the product's purpose, functionality and so on. The consumer chooses a kind of packing or is decided by his economy, or because of the convenience of the packing use. Packaging materials are affecting consumer buying decisions.

A wrapper can be defined as one or more components held by a container that has a closed function. Materials of any nature can be used to create a wrapper. Selecting a material's packaging is based on whether it can complete the basic function of the packaging.

The main function of packaging is to enable the goods from the producers to consumers in the process of protection, easy to circulate. Products from production to sales to go through trucks, elevators, pallets and so on, but also through a lot of procedures, such as transport, mechanical processing, warehousing. This may be affected by shock vibration, compression stacking, packaging material selection is particularly important, and consumers intuitively feel the packaging materials to determine whether the packaging can play a protective effect on the product.

The packaging of these two main functions are done better will affect the choice of consumers. In the case of plastic bags, many respondents thought that plastic bags would be a one-time-use package and could not protect the food, and once the plastic bag was open, a potential good food disappeared, and if you wanted to take it to a picnic or travel would not be possible.

Consumer understanding of the product can be obtained from the packaging materials, different types of material products packaging will increase or reduce consumer awareness of the value and relative status of the product. Glass is generally considered to hold high quality products. Drinks in a plastic container can be seen as an economic option because plastic is often considered a cheap material and drinks are considered high quality in glass containers.

The price of a product will certainly affect the consumer's decision to buy. Higher-cost consumers have greater latitude in their attempts at new products, with lower-cost consumers buying smaller groceries due to low cash reserves and limited storage capacity. The packing size helps to control the price of the product and makes consumers think it is more economical.

Coca-Cola is a iconic global brand that is considered a luxury when it comes to developing countries such as the Philippines. In order to achieve greater market penetration, to enter the lower socioeconomic groups, Coca-Cola began in the Philippines to introduce smaller unit packaging, the introduction of ml glass bottles, said this is sakto, meaning "just". This strategy has proved very successful. This led to a widely circulated joke that Sakto was a poor man's drink because it was a drink they could "just" afford.

The packing size not only affects the price but also facilitates the consumer's use. The use of the share of the packaging to provide consumers with convenience, which is widely used in food, medicine, hardware, daily necessities and so on. American Anfamil infant formula, canned milk powder is just one weeks dosage, milk powder is always in a fresh state. The bar formula is used for one time, and it is convenient to flush the milk powder outdoors. Three is divided into a small bag, is the amount of the baby to stay outdoors for a day. Such a measurement design in the consumer every time the use will be greatly benefited, each time the use will affect the consumer next purchase decision. The size of the product will undoubtedly increase the purchase rate of the product.

Packaging design includes the design of packaging, color, text, graphics and so on. A good design can attract consumers ' attention on the store shelves and further understand the product itself.

The color of the package will attract consumers. Women prefer soft colors such as light blue and pink, and men are preferably blue and green. Color contains symbolic meaning, red is the color of ambition and desire, darker color associated with quality, elegance. Bohr toilet cleaner from pale blue and green packaging into white letters in a dark background, projecting a "stronger and cleaner" image, as opposed to the original color, is defined as a micro-effect, and the color changes make the product impressive, increasing sales by 40%.

Graphic text in the packaging on the one hand is the display of information, company and product information can be understood through the packaging label. On the other hand, graphic text is also the product of brand building, strong brand identity can enhance the brand image and increase sales. Good packaging appearance to consumer product information at the same time at the psychological level to create emotions to enable consumers to product positioning.

In addition to storing the basic functions of protecting and transporting products, packaging can provide additional functionality. Packaging can serve as a service function of the product, with the development of technology packaging can provide more and more functions. The use of reusable sealed caps provides food storage and portability in the packaging. Safety characteristics of packaging, such as child safety packaging helps prevent children from eating harmful substances. Packaging can provide aesthetic and secondary use of the function. A higher-tasting package can be appreciated as a handicraft. Easy to open again and again sealed packaging can be used for secondary storage and so on. Some children's food packaging can be used as a toy when finished.

Packaging as a product of the first image in front of consumers, and people's consumption behavior is closely related. Study the factors affecting the purchase of packaging and constantly develop new forms of packaging design, occupy the market's active position. Packaging materials, size, design and expansion of the function are affecting the product's marketing strategy and brand image, inducing consumers, consumer buying behavior.

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Essay代写：Causality of criminal law

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Causality of criminal law，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了刑法中的因果关系。在哲学理论中，因果关系是其重要的一点。辩证唯物主义认为，原因和结果是事物与现象之间相互联系、相互制约的普遍形式之一。用哲学上的语言来表述，就是引起另一现象的现象叫做原因，而被某种现象引起的现象叫做结果。刑法因果关系是刑法学中一个重要的理论问题。在处理具体案例尤其是复杂案例时，能否正确定罪量刑，往往依赖于因果关系的认定，因而因果关系又具有实践意义。刑法因果关系建立在哲学因果关系基础上，是哲学上科学的因果观在刑法中的具体运用。刑法因果关系问题，也只有在辩证唯物论的指导下，才能得到科学地解决。

Causality of criminal law is an important theoretical problem in criminal jurisprudence. In dealing with specific cases, especially complex cases, the correct conviction and sentencing often depend on the identification of causality, so causality has practical significance. The judgment of cause and effect is the core of cause and effect, and it is also the issue that Chinese and foreign criminal law theories have been disputing for a long time. There are conditions theory, causality theory and objective rule theory abroad. The theory of causality in China has been developing constantly on the basis of the advanced theories in foreign countries.

Case: four defendants, in collusion with the other two, on the basis of the park in the middle of the night, in 10 minutes, nearly 2 hours for the victim repeatedly carried out continuously extremely serious violence, and then, in the bedroom of the apartment, in about 45 minutes of time, and continue to implement the same atrocities. The victim, eyeing the gap, fled from the apartment in his socks. Due to the extreme fear of the defendant, the victim entered the expressway about 763 meters to 810 meters from the above apartment and was run over by a car and killed about 10 minutes later in order to escape the pursuit of the defendant.

The causality of criminal law is based on the philosophical causality and is the concrete application of the philosophical scientific view of causality in criminal law. The causality of criminal law can be solved scientifically only under the guidance of dialectical materialism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the common characteristics of its causal relationship with philosophy.

Causality is an important category in philosophy. Dialectical materialism holds that cause and result are one of the universal forms of mutual connection and mutual restriction between things and phenomena. In the language of philosophy, phenomena which give rise to another phenomenon are called causes, and phenomena which are caused by a phenomenon are called results.

The causality in criminal law has particularity: philosophically speaking, all phenomena that cause the occurrence of the result are the cause, but in criminal law, only the harmful behavior that causes the occurrence of the harmful result is the cause. In terms of content, causality in criminal law is consistent with causality in philosophy in terms of content in general, but in some cases, causality in criminal law must be a specific development process.

In the 1990s, China began to get rid of the shackles of the traditional thinking, learn from the relevant research results of foreign countries with a broad vision, and explore new ways to solve this problem. The main representative theories are conditional theory, equivalent causality theory, two-level causality theory and objective imputation theory.

In the theory of continental law system, the conditional theory holds that if there is A relationship between the behavior and the result, i.e. no A or no B, then there is A causal relationship in criminal law. Moreover, the conditional theory also holds that all conditions resulting in the result have the same value, so it is also called the equivalence theory. The theory also holds that the act as in the causal relationship only refers to the practice behavior that conforms to the constitution of the crime, and the non-practice behavior cannot constitute the reason mentioned here. According to this view, the death of the victim in the case was caused by a car crash, and there was no direct cause and effect between the four defendants' actions.

The statement helps to prevent individuals from achieving criminal ends by creating only certain conditions. But it can spread causality too far, creating endless associations. In order to avoid inappropriate conclusions, the condition theory itself attempts to make up for the proposed so-called causal interruption of the limiting causal expansion. The so-called interruption of causality refers to the view that causality is interrupted during the process of causality, based on natural facts, or because of free and intentional intervention in the behavior of others. According to the interruption theory, the victim escaped and was killed by a car. The four defendants were only responsible for the crime of intentional injury.

The theory of equivalent causality claims to determine the existence of causality in criminal law according to whether the life experience of ordinary people in society is equivalent to the result of the crime. There are subjective theory, objective theory and eclectic theory inside considerable causality. The objective theory claims to judge causality on the basis of all the facts objectively existing in the behavior. The subjective theory holds that the criterion should be the fact that the actor knew at the time of the act. The eclectic theory claims to judge the existence or absence of equivalence on the basis of the facts predicted by ordinary people or known by the actor. The author advocates the objective view: from the standpoint of the referee, the judgment is based on all the things objectively existing at the time of the behavior and the things after the behavior that ordinary people can meet. In the case, 4 defendants beat the victim seriously. Due to the emergency situation, they entered the expressway and were killed by the high-speed car. According to the objective view, it was foreseeable by the general public and had a causal relationship with the behavior of 4 defendants.

The content of the theory is that only when the actor's behavior creates an inadmissible risk to the object of the behavior, and the risk is realized in the specific result, and the result exists in the scope of validity of the constitutive element, the result caused by the behavior can be regarded as the result of the actor, while the rule applies to the actor. The objective rule theory tries to limit the scope of causality according to the need of criminal law and ascribes the causative behavior in criminal law to the interest of the protected law. According to the theory of objective rules, other behaviors have the same danger, denying the existence of causality. In this case, the victim was finally killed by a high-speed car, denying the existence of the defendant's danger.

Causality of Anglo-American law system will be divided into causation in fact and legal cause and effect, the double level reason theory, and adopt different standards for different levels of causality to decided that causal relationship in fact, the truth is based on the intuitive, the formula for but to express, namely, without A or B, the cause of the facts and extensive, causality in criminal law, just as A question of fact to grasp difficult to finish the mission in the causality in the crime constitution.

On the standard of legal cause, there are recency theory, foresight theory and penalty function theory. In the above three views, the proximate cause theory takes the factual cause that naturally or spontaneously causes the harmful result as the statutory cause. In fact, it does not put forward the legal standard of cause identification, so it still belongs to the fact-level investigation. In this view, the defendant's actions are denied and the car on the highway is regarded as the cause of the victim's death.

For hundreds of years, the research results of the whole human criminal law scholars can not be ignored, and there are many reasonable points in their theories. In view of the trend of the development of criminal law in the world where the two legal systems are integrated and gradually merged, we should also pay attention to the historical research results of the two legal systems and not be confined to the small circles of the continental law system or the Anglo-American law system. In view of the inconsistency of theoretical research will lead to practice at a loss, we should pay attention to draw from the Anglo-American law system, the continental law system criminal law causal relationship research positive results, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and profound thinking on this problem, and find a more reasonable way to solve the problem.

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