Essay代写：The U.S. system of defense technology management

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The U.S. system of defense technology management，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的国防科技管理体制。国防科技管理体制是军事科技活动的组织结构、管理体系和相关制度的总称，指的是依据国防发展战略和军事斗争准备的客观需要，构建政治管理、技术管理和行政管理“三位一体”的组织体系，通过决策、规划、控制、评价以及军事资源的合理配置等制度来保障军事科技活动有效运行，推进军事科学技术的持续发展。

As the situation and tasks change, the defense science and technology management system of the United States is constantly reformed and improved, and its development and evolution can be roughly divided into the following stages. Second, from 1940 to 1970, due to the needs of the war and the important role played by science and technology in the war during World War II, the United States quickly established a research and development system for military purposes. The long cold war after World War II made the United States enter a period of scientific and technological activities with military technology as the core. Third, during the transition period from 1970 to 1988, due to the changes in the world situation, the United States constantly adjusted its science and technology policy, and its science and technology management system also changed accordingly. Fourth, since the end of the cold war, the post-cold war international balance of power and the world pattern have undergone major changes. In the face of economic globalization and rapid development of new and high technologies, the American defense science and technology policy has undergone major adjustments.

In 1915, the United States established the national aeronautical advisory board, the first military research institution established by the U.S. government, expanding the government's authority to organize scientific research. In the same year, the navy established the navy advisory board. At the initiative of the smithsonian's national museum of natural history and the national academy of sciences, then-president Wilson directed the national academy of sciences to form the national research council, whose mission was to create conditions for cooperation between governments, universities, businesses and other research organizations. By 1920 the United States had developed a national scientific research system consisting of federal laboratories, corporate research institutes, institutions of higher learning, and private scientific foundations. This period is the focus of the U.S. government agriculture, the development of national resources, such as military and aircraft, but there is little to invest in research and development of science and technology, nor develop national scientific planning and national technology planning, in addition to the aviation, the United States the development of science and technology relies mainly on the inventor of the individuals and businesses to promote, and according to the demand of the market to regulate their own research. The technical achievements of the us military scientific research are lack of overall management and use.

President Roosevelt in 1941 approved the establishment of the national scientific research and development office, the office than world war I, the national research council has greater independence and initiative, and during the second world war as a whole of the national scientific research activities, the famous "Manhattan project", radar and penicillin and other major projects of science and technology research and development, are under the leadership of the office. Through these research programs, the United States has established a research mechanism in which the government entrusts the private sector to undertake research projects and coordinates the implementation of national science and technology programs under the interaction of the government, enterprises and private research sectors. The success of the Manhattan project demonstrates the enormous efficiency of this mechanism. In 1941, the United States government established the wartime scientific research and development agency to adapt to wartime needs and accelerate the development of weapons and equipment. Since 1945, the relevant agencies of the us federal government have funded the scientific research activities of universities. The office of naval research, established in 1946 with congressional authorization, has awarded 177 research contracts to 81 U.S. universities and supported more than 600 research projects. The atomic energy commission of the United States, established in 1947, oversees research in atomic energy science. In 1958, in order to consolidate the dominant position of the United States in the field of space science and technology, the United States enacted the aerospace act, which merged the former aviation advisory committee and its research institute to form the national aeronautics and space administration. During this period, the federal government made a major effort in scientific research management aspect, gradually formed by the national laboratory and the research and development of private enterprises and private institutions of research and development system, established the system of government support for basic research, the original belongs to the national defense mobilization bureau scientific advisory committee on restructuring scientific advisory committee for the President, and has set up by the chairman of the President, heads of government departments to committee members of the highest decision-making authority of science and technology in the United States - federal science and technology commission, in order to comprehensively strengthen leadership and management of scientific research.

Before the 1970s, the United States established a scientific and technological research and development system focusing on military technology. Although it has achieved some success, it has seriously weakened the development of civilian industrial science and technology by overemphasizing the research on national defense and space technology. In the 1970s, the United States experienced another economic recession, and the government began to rethink the long-standing science and technology policy and made significant adjustments to the science and technology policy system. In 1972, the Nixon administration established the office of technology evaluation, and enacted the science and technology evaluation act, which required the evaluation of major science and technology projects and the adjustment of national funded research and development priorities. In 1974, the U.S. government established the energy research and development administration, which was later upgraded to the department of energy, with a view to strengthening energy research and development and utilization in the fields of oil, coal, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy. At the suggestion of the then President ford in 1976, congress approved the White House office of science and technology policy, and in April that year passed the "national science and technology policy, organization, and the priority method", this is the landmark in the history of a science and technology legislation, given the government to develop national science and technology policy of power and responsibility, but also established a national science and technology policy in the important position in the national policy.

Is authorized by the department of defense, the United States in 1990 established the "national key technology committee, the committee is made up of 13 people, including nine designated by the government, including government officials, the private sector technical experts and universities or research institutions of experts all 3 people, another four people, respectively is the defense department, the department of energy, ministry of commerce and the national aeronautics and space administration designated representative, committee, led by director of the White House office of science and technology policy. By law, the NCCT is required to submit biennial reports to the President and congress on key national technologies every two years until the year 2000. While formulating and improving the national defense science and technology policy, the us government also adjusted the national defense science and technology management system, including reforming the national laboratory management system and entrusting some national laboratories to private enterprises. Efforts shall be made to civilize, commercialize and develop dual-use military technologies, and the office of advanced technology research shall be mainly responsible for the development of dual-use technologies; The ministry of commerce and the ministry of defense are designated to take full responsibility for high-tech research and development, no longer a single agency, and so on.

The United States, relying on its military technology, has organized and implemented a series of world-renowned major defense science and technology projects, such as the "Manhattan project", "Apollo moon landing project", and "missile defense program", in order to maintain its national security and one-superpower status. These major defense science and technology projects, in a short period of time, concentrated a large number of human, material and financial resources and achieved great success, greatly improving the overall national strength of the United States. The success of these major defense science and technology projects largely depends on scientific leadership and effective organization and implementation.

The major department of defense technology management in the U.S. government is the department of defense, in addition to the department of energy, NASA, the department of commerce, the state department and other departments. The U.S. defense technology research and development force is mainly private enterprises, as well as a small number of government, military research and production force. The ministry of national defense formulates key technology plans every year to give key support to key technologies affecting the development of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and organizes the military and arms to put forward weapons and equipment requirements. With the support of scientific research funds and the purchase of weapons and equipment provided by the ministry of national defense, the demonstration, design, development and production of weapons and equipment shall be carried out jointly by the government, the military, private scientific research institutes and enterprises. The development and production of nuclear weapons and military space systems are jointly organized and implemented by the departments of defense, energy and NASA. During the research and development of weapons and equipment, the ministry of national defense and the military have special agencies to monitor and manage the whole process of national defense research and production.

Under the premise of fully considering the national security needs, the defense science and technology project management of the United States has been fully demonstrated and carried out pre-research work. The project is established through the formulation of special science and technology research and development plans and implemented under the leadership and organization of special committees or permanent institutions.

As can be seen from the major defense science and technology projects that have been organized, implemented and completed in the history of the United States, these projects often start from the Suggestions or ideas put forward by scientists or high-level decision makers, and reach consensus after repeated deliberation and discussion by the government and the military as well as the science and technology community and enterprises. For example, the famous American "Star Wars" program is based on the research report "high frontier: strategies for national survival". The report was presented to President Ronald Reagan by dozens of scientists, led by former director of the defense intelligence agency, graham, and the father of the U.S. hydrogen bomb, John Taylor. Reagan announced the stunning strategic defense initiative on March 23, 1983, and approved the strategic defense research program in January 1984, establishing the strategic defense planning agency. In March 1985, the bureau first submitted the "strategic defense initiative research program" report to the U.S. congress. Thus it can be seen that the generation of major defense science and technology projects in the United States has traditionally been a decision-making process based on changes in the international military competition environment and major national security needs, without statutory procedures and fixed methods. For nearly 30 years since the us government, military, military scientific research institutions and enterprises is becoming more and more importance to national defense science and technology management, combined with the development of management theory and methods of science and technology is applied, the United States on the national defense science and technology major project of produce, gradually by the scientists of the past or the individual behavior of senior policymakers, dominated by the defense department to planned and organized decision action, through the guidance of science and technology policy, science and technology development strategy or plan, use of science and technology management methods and tools, to form the national defense science and technology major project of scientific and standardized management system.

The United States government during world war ii and the cold war put forward defense science and technology major projects, such as "Manhattan project", "Apollo program" and "the missile defense plan", is based on maintenance national security interests to point to the highest, centralized and unified under the leadership of the government implement the system of science and technology r&d, many enterprises organizations, universities, research institutions to participate in the activities of national defense science and technology major project research and development, and enterprises for the implementation of the main. At its peak, the Apollo program was organized by 20,000 enterprises, more than 200 universities and 80 research institutions, with more than 300,000 participants.

After the cold war, with the economic globalization and the new military transformation, national security is more dependent on the development of high technology and national economic strength. While maintaining its competitive advantage in science and technology and economic control, the United States strives to comprehensively control and seize new commanding heights in military science and technology, and constantly launches major defense science and technology projects with strong civil-military integration. At the same time, the us government has changed its previous policy of opposing business alliances, and encouraged military enterprises with close ties to the ministry of defense to combine and merge, so as to expand the scale of military enterprises, enhance their market competitiveness, and improve the strength of national defense science and technology.

In the implementation process of major defense science and technology projects in the United States, mid-term inspection and evaluation shall be carried out according to the specific characteristics and requirements of the projects, and the quality, schedule, financial expenditure budget and other aspects shall be tracked and controlled to reduce risks as far as possible. In order to strengthen the evaluation of major national defense projects, the us government issued the program evaluation rating tool in 2002, which is applicable to the performance evaluation of all major national defense science and technology projects in the us, so as to achieve an objective and transparent evaluation of the implementation of the government's national defense science and technology program.

Defense science and technology major project of regular assessment and completion acceptance, generally shall be the responsibility of the corresponding specialized agencies, specialized agencies is composed of related experts and scholars in the field of, in the whole process of national defense science and technology major project management work, for the national defense science and technology major project of openness, fairness and justice provides a reliable guarantee. When the government formulates laws and regulations related to major national defense science and technology projects, special agencies supervise the impartiality and transparency of the legislation and put forward relevant legislative Suggestions to avoid blind decision-making by the government. In the process of the approval and evaluation of major national defense science and technology projects, the specialized agencies are responsible for the evaluation of the feasibility of the approval and the evaluation of the tenderers. In the process of project tracking management and acceptance, specialized agencies are responsible for supervision and evaluation. In a word, the specialized agencies are important organizational bodies of the government for the management of major defense science and technology projects, and have effectively played a supervisory and advisory role in ensuring the openness, fairness and impartiality of the implementation of major defense science and technology projects.

The us defense science and technology system has a high degree of military and civilian compatibility. The department of defense is the leading unit of defense science and technology research and development in the United States. Its scientific research system is mainly composed of four parts. Second, university research institutions. Among the more than 480 "research universities" in the United States, more than 250 have signed contracts with the ministry of defense. Third, the research institutions of defense industrial enterprises, which are not only engaged in the trial production and production of military products, but also actively engaged in the development and application of defense science and technology. Fourth, research institutions of government departments, such as the federal department of energy, have three research institutes mainly engaged in research activities related to nuclear weapons. The military-civilian integration of the U.S. defense technology system has the following characteristics.

The scientific research and production of us military products are completed through market economy and market rules. The government, military and enterprises share the risks of scientific research and development, exchange scientific research information and technology transfer with each other, and share the results for mutual benefit. In the United States, the federal procurement act stipulates that "contract officers shall disclose contract operations to enhance competition and expand industry participation" and "to practice full and open competition".

In the long-term development of the defense technology industry in the United States, a relatively complete system of operating mechanisms has been formed, including interest mechanism, policy mechanism, planning mechanism, contract mechanism and legal mechanism. To guide, promote and standardize the progress and development of national defense science and technology through sound national defense science and technology policies and plans. At the same time, the United States has a complete legal system for defense research and production, and all defense science and technology activities are carried out under strict legal norms.

Intermediary service organization is an official and non-governmental organization which is independent from the government and enterprises but connects the government and enterprises and provides consulting services for both sides. Intermediary organizations in the United States is very developed, the closest relationship with the national defense science and technology is the defense industry association, the association has 850 member companies and more than 24000 individual members, the main work is to provide the government of national defence technology, information, advice and solutions, by participating in international competition support the development of the national defense science and technology.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Assignment代写：American jury

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- American jury，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的陪审团。美国的陪审团分为大陪审团和小陪审团。大陪审团的职责是听取检察官的报告，审查检察官提出的证据，以决定是否应当对被告进行起诉。而小陪审团的职责则是确定刑事案件的被告人是否有罪，民事案件的被告人是否构成侵权。如果陪审团裁定被告有罪或侵权成立，主审法官将对被告裁定刑罚或赔偿金额；反之，审判宣告结束。在案件的审理中陪审团负责对案件事实加以裁定，法官负责具体的法律适用。

American juries are divided into grand and small juries. Grand juries, also known as "indictment juries", usually consist of 6 to 23 randomly selected ordinary citizens. Its function is to hear the report of the prosecutor and examine the evidence presented by the prosecutor in order to decide whether the accused should be prosecuted. A small jury, also known as a trial jury, determines whether the defendant in a criminal case is guilty or not, and whether the defendant in a civil case constitutes a tort. If the jury finds the defendant guilty or guilty of infringement, the presiding judge will determine the penalty or amount of compensation for the defendant; instead, the trial ended. In the trial of a case, the jury is responsible for determining the facts of the case and the judge is responsible for the specific application of the law.

Minor jury candidates are randomly selected by judges from among citizens. Under the federal jury selection and service act of the United States, serving as a juror in the United States requires the following: a U.S. citizen who has reached the age of 18 and has lived in a judicial district for a certain period of time; Fluent in English; Physically and mentally competent for jury work; There is currently no charge of a crime punishable by more than one year in prison and no criminal record of more than one year in prison. Before a case is heard, prosecutors and lawyers screen the candidates separately to form a jury. At the same time, both parties also have the right to exclude a certain number of candidates without any reason through the absolute objection procedure. The jury is made up of 12 people. Some states allow six people to sit on a jury in certain cases and in civil cases.

Rousseau's social contract theory is one of the theoretical bases of American jury system. According to the social contract theory, all human beings are created equal and enjoy complete and equal rights. People transfer part of their rights to the state, thus generating the power of the state. State power comes from the people and should be subject to their supervision and restriction to prevent the state from abusing its power to harm the people's rights. As the last barrier to social justice, judicial power must reflect the will of the people and must not go against the mainstream values of the society and the concept of fairness and justice.

Secondly, the thought that everyone has the right to be tried by "his own kind" and "people's representatives to participate in the trial" proposed by the bourgeois enlightenment thinkers are also the theoretical basis of the American jury system. Jury members are randomly selected from among ordinary citizens and selected by prosecutors and defense lawyers. The members of the jury will have similarities with the parties in social status, identity background, life experience and other aspects. The verdict made by them can be recognized by the parties and the credibility of the trial is higher.

Third, the United States is a country where the judiciary dominates legislation. As a country of case law system, its legal principles and rules are mainly established by specific case adjudication, and jury trial can be regarded as ordinary citizens' participation in legislation. The jury has the power of nullification. It can disregard the guidance of the judge and the relevant laws, make the judgment in conflict with the existing laws, or even overturn the original case law provisions and form new provisions.

The list of jury candidates is formed by judges randomly selected from local citizens through voter lists, social security Numbers or telephone number registers. This randomness ensures that the jury can roughly represent the public and conform to public opinion. The issue of racial discrimination also received attention in the jury system, and the court could not "exclude the qualification of citizens as jurors because of race, color, gender, religious belief and other reasons".

The class of judges, lacking other social experience, may overlook some of the evidence that is crucial to the adjudication of cases. Jury members come from all walks of life, and their identities, backgrounds, and experiences vary. Jurors in the trial process will be based on their own experience in the selection of those who think there is a doubt of the case or the fact that the decisive role of evidence.

Jury decisions are based on "consensus," and some states allow juries to rule on facts based on "majority consent." "Excluding reasonable doubt" is a basic principle of criminal trial in the United States, which requires that the evidence of the prosecutor must be able to prove beyond reasonable doubt, the charge of the defendant can be established, and the court can impose punishment on the defendant.

The division of duties between the jury and the judge makes the decision of the case actually made by the jury. Jury members are randomly selected and it is impossible to know the jury members before the trial. The jury's discussion of the case is held in secret, during which the jurors are not allowed to leave, nor are they allowed to enter.

As a basic judicial system in the United States, the existence of the jury system is inseparable from the legal concept and social culture of the United States. It is the American society that creates the existence and development of the jury system, and the jury system also promotes the continuous development of the rule of law in the United States.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Essay写作文献引用的类型讲解

留学生之所以会觉得Essay写作很难，大多数都是因为Essay写作中的文献引用。一篇高分的Essay，首先少不了一个正确的文献引用，所以同学们必须得把文献引用的格式都弄明白，还有Essay写作文献引用有哪些类型。如果同学们不太了解的话，下面就给大家讲解一下。

同行评审文献

同行评审，或者更具体来说双盲式的同行评审，是学术语篇中的黄金标准。双盲式的同行评审是评估学术期刊中新作品价值的最好方法。据美伦教育了解在最近的研究中，审稿人都是基于作品的严谨性、意义和独创性进行评审，也就是，这篇作品是否可以为某些具体的研究人员展现一些新的以及重要的东西，而那些研究人员都是为专门的期刊写文章或者是期刊的忠实读者。

在大多数学科中同行评审的作品有两个主要的来源，分别是同行评审期刊和专题论文。期刊尤其在自然科学和社会科学领域占据支配地位；而专题论文（即研究书籍）在艺术和人文方面非常重要。双盲式的同行评审保证了学术研究严谨性的水平，其他的评审系统，例如对等审查和针对发表的其他评审形式都不能达到这个目的。

灰色文献

灰色文献其实就是引用其他各种没有同行评审的文献或是数据。这些文章，包括政策文件、备忘录、委员会报告、贸易或是从业人员的期刊。美伦教育介绍除了前面这些之外，还有其他并不是经过双盲式同行评审的文章也是被视作灰色文献的学术文章，例如会议记录、技术数据和并没有出版的本科生和研究生课程论文、学位论文。

前一种类型通常是为非专业的读者而存在，第二种类型是由某一类学术研究的读者而著，但是并没有同行评审出版的文献，具有更高的实用性质，能够更快获得。因此，灰色文献的两种类型都有它们自己的用途，所以美伦教育提醒小伙伴们在确定引用之前必须是经过认真仔细的处理才行。

非正式文献

非正式文献是发表在网络上的媒体文件、数字文本。非正式文献生命周期很短暂，这些可能来源于报纸、广播或者网络媒介。我们反而需要投入更多额外的关注度来辨别他们使用的数据的严谨性。网站从索引定位到引用都具有的不稳定性让人比较担心。免费的百科全书式的网站，像维基百科，受欢迎的同时也会被抨击，因为缺乏严谨性。这也是国外有些大学禁止引用维基百科的原因。

当大家了解了参考文献的类型之后就知道哪些类型的文献最具真实性和严谨性，自然懂得平衡和取舍所引用的文献。

以上就是Essay写作最基本的三种文献类型，希望各位小伙伴们以后写论文的时候要分清楚不同文献的特点，然后正确引用。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：The Moral education

本篇paper代写- The Moral education讨论了品德教育。品德教育是生活的教育，是教人怎么做人的教育，是教人怎么做事的教育。因此，“德”与“才”不可完全融合。只有“德”先行，才能更好的育人。而青少年时期正是人的身体成长发育和优良品德形成的决定性阶段，是决定人生性格走向、品德优劣的黄金分割线。再者，让每位学生拥有优良的品德、健康的体魄和渊博的学，也是国家发展素质教育的最终目的。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Because our country's school education, the family education has carried on the idea which "has only then is virtuous", but does not understand the moral education core idea, causes them to neglect the most important moral education. Understanding the core concept of moral education can let us know: how to grow up to be a problem, what kind of people to do after growing up. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the core idea of moral education.

For a long time, with the tortuous development of education in our country, the school education and family education of our country have been adhering to the idea of "talented and virtuous", but not understanding the core idea of moral education leads them to neglect the most important moral education. So that our generation after generation of young people, these countries of the future of talent, sages, saints into defective, scrap, and even dangerous goods. However, understanding the core concept of moral education can let us know: how to grow up to be a problem, what kind of people to do after growing up. We can see from the following social phenomena:

Today's society, with the impact of various ideological trends, with the television network and other media influence, to a large extent affect the younger generation and even generations of young people's physical and mental health. Because teenagers are not deep, experience is shallow, plus their self-control, the ability to distinguish between right and wrong is not enough to deal with the dark side of society. They are very vulnerable to the temptation and erosion of bad ideas such as violence, pornography and money.

Most children nowadays are only child, the apple of the eye of the parents, holding in the palm of the hand afraid of losing, including in the mouth afraid of, they can be fully satisfied with the material, but their spiritual life is extremely scarce, leading them to do nothing all day long without ideals, goals, lack of responsibility to form selfish, willful, Self-centered's eccentricities against himself and social development; to make people sigh, today's youth is a pampered generation, a generation that is arbitrary, and a generation of mud that does not support the wall.

Therefore, understanding the core concept of moral education is what everyone should do, parents, teachers, especially moral teachers. At this time, moral education will emerge.

What kind of education is moral education? What is the difference between moral education and other education? What is the core idea of moral education?

"Moral education" can be divided into two parts: "The Meaning of morality" and "the way of studying morality".

What is the meaning of character? "Virtue", since it is called moral character then there must be "goods" have "virtue", since it is to have "goods" have "de", it can also be said: Moral character is eating out, look out, smell out, hear out, come out. That is, people in the clothing, food, housing, and the life of the process of continuous dealings with people and things to the people to the matter of a large Conghua guidelines. From the meaning of the character can be seen: a person from birth to grow up can be regarded as a "moral" self-learning way, then we why bother to open what moral education?

From the rising juvenile delinquency rate in recent years, more parents, teachers ignore the cultivation of moral education, even if the moral educational, is also in the case of the other people to do the words and deeds of oral sermons; Further explanation: Parents, especially teachers, do not neglect moral education, but do not understand the original intention of moral education, it is not to mention the core concept of moral education. Therefore, students in the body and mind is about to mature in the best teaching age, miss the moral values of the teacher under the leadership of the formation of the value of the people, but let their freedom of development and make many illegal crimes, so that premature taste of the bitterness of life, even in prison. In their own suffering from the loss of pain at the same time, to the family, society caused great harm.

Therefore, the moral education of young people depends on the understanding of the core concept of moral education and mastery. It is not only related to the future growth of the individual, but also indirectly affects the quality of the whole nation, even the country's overall civilization and the pros and cons of continued. Therefore, moral education is necessary to start classes, and also have a professional team of teachers, understand the significance of moral education to carry out a team of teachers, understanding the core concept of moral education team of teachers.

"Moral Education" is the national collection of many famous experts according to different age stages, according to the basic situation of Chinese people to study out of the guidance, about how to cultivate a reference, the program-type textbooks. In other words: to a certain level of people, only self-study is not enough, but through other people's guidance and help to complete. This is the way of learning moral character, that is to learn ―― "moral education" and self-control after the guidance is not completely self-control.

Some people have mentioned: the moral integration into the subject of science to make the corresponding study and point not to mention it? This is not only in line with the law of human learning can also fully allow students to learn from the practice, thinking of a lasting memory of the concept of life. In fact, I think that "moral education" is not just about understanding thinking, it is not in an article to do the same in a certain topic to do, and then to remain on the surface, and then it is only a simulation or this experiment; no real threat to the execution of the man-made, so the combination of morality and science is not the wisest choice. "Moral education" needs to be practiced and honed in real life.

Moral education is the education of life, is to teach people how to be a person's education, is to teach people how to do things. Therefore, "virtue" and "before" can not be fully integrated. Only "virtuous" first, can better educate people. Such as adolescence is the development of human body and the decisive stage of the formation of good character, is to determine the character of life, the quality of the golden line. They are the founders of the nation's future, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the successor and successor of Chinese civilization, and the good character is indispensable to them. Moreover, let each student have the good morals, the healthy physique and the profound knowledge. Is the ultimate goal of developing quality education in the country.

Through years of practice and research on moral education in primary schools, through to the school student's growth observation; my conclusion, moral education is to let people in the process of continuous life, through their own necessities, social exchanges and other activities to improve their own, so that they have independent individuals into society.

In other words: The core concept of morality is to shape the social benefit of the people, and not just an independent individual.

"Firm belief, good character" plays a great role in the activities of students participating in social practice. Primary school moral education is to help students establish the right way of life from childhood, cultivating a moral education course with good ideological and moral character and behavior habit; The moral character of primary school students is related to the question of what kind of people they grow up to be, the stability of society and the development of the country, but also the majority of schools, The focus of attention and discussion of parents and society. To this end, the moral teachers in primary schools should also learn the state's prescribed curriculum to enrich themselves, so that they can further understand the core concept of moral education in order to better serve the community.

Therefore, the core concept of moral education to teach people how to live, how to behave, how to become socially beneficial to the people.

The essence of moral education is to let the youngsters recognize the moral understanding, moral emotion and moral will in the process of continuous learning, then form their own moral values. The essence of moral education is to sow a good man's truth and the seed of social morality in the deep of the students ' heart, so as to standardize the behavior and the mind, so that the students can finally become the social people who benefit others and benefit the society.

Therefore, the core idea of moral education can be simply summed up as follows: The core idea of moral education is to cultivate and shape social people.

要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。

Essay代写：Foreign frustration education

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Foreign frustration education，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了国外的的挫折教育。挫折教育是一项长期的、艰苦细致的系统工程，家庭、学校和社会应形成教育合力。国外很多学校都会设立一系列的挫折教育，是让孩子接受挫折的经历，而这些挫折的经历可以潜移默化地打磨孩子的意志力和抗压能力。

Give your child a chance to fail is a common refrain among British parents. When a child fails to do something, the British concept is not simply to keep the child from doing it or leave it to the parents, but to give them another chance to learn how to avoid failure.

At the same time, school education also attaches great importance to the learning of "accepting failure". According to the daily mail of November 24, a top secondary school in the UK has launched a set of challenging maths exam questions, which the school admitted were far more difficult than the students' ability to solve, claiming that it was "impossible for students to get full marks". The idea is to rid students of perfectionism from an early age and teach them that "failure is perfectly acceptable".

Oxford high school is the top private girls' school in Britain. The school designed the math test to be progressively more difficult than middle school students could handle. Administrators said the overwhelming majority of students were excellent and feared that their sense of superiority over their own perfection would make them vulnerable to setbacks or discouragement in the future. The school said it hoped the frustration method would teach the 'perfect girls' that' perfection is the enemy of learning 'from an early age.

Earlier this year, wimbledon high school in London, another of Britain's top girls' schools, launched a "week of failure" with successful people attending. At the event, the special guests Shared their own failures in life with the students, telling them that it is "perfectly acceptable to fail occasionally" and that the key is how to face failure properly.

Some people say that children should be taught as much as possible about the world of truth, goodness and beauty. But German parents and teachers are taking a different approach, exposing children to the dark side of life and society.

An elementary school in Berlin, Germany, has reportedly invited funeral home staff to teach classes about what happens when people die. After the lecture, the children took turns playing roles, simulating things like how their parents would react if they were killed in a car accident. Teachers at the school say the classes allow children to experience what it feels like to be suddenly orphaned, which helps them experience the complex emotions of adversity and how to control their emotions. Such frustration simulations and role-playing are common in German schools.

In addition, the school often organizes young people to visit the court and attend the hearing. This move does not keep the students' heart "pure" deliberately, do not avoid to let students understand the ugly phenomenon of society. In this way, students will not be isolated from the society, but also have a deep understanding of the society, in case they feel lost after seeing some dark side of the society.

German people face up to the dark side of education is also the product of education reform. In the 1990s, Germany launched the "outline of curriculum reform for basic education" to adapt the content of textbooks to social development. Nowadays, many textbooks not only have the content of "sunshine", but also deal with the "dark side" of society, such as racial discrimination, breaking the law and other topics. Their purpose is to guide students to think and explain various social phenomena.

In Japan, parents attach great importance to the education of self-reliance and endurance for children, because the Japanese believe in such a concept: only by allowing children to undergo certain physical and mental training with patience as the content, rather than meeting their various requirements, can children develop the ability to overcome difficulties independently and form the quality of tenacity and tenacity.

In Japan, people can often see that some children in the absence of adult leadership, in the face of difficult natural environment, camping, looking for wild fruit, picking firewood, looking for water, overcome many difficulties, self-rescue activities.

Japanese television shows often feature two such contests: one in which a mother gives a four-year-old 3,000 yen and the child enters the high street alone to find and buy three designated items and returns within three minutes. This is a great challenge to a young child's intelligence, language and courage. A child not only has to remember the three things his mother wants him to buy, but also has to deal with shop assistants and pedestrians. Another involves a 6-year-old going to a relative's house 10km away on his own, while his mother disguises herself as a stranger to watch him find his way, become thirsty and exhausted. Quietly follow the mother often love dearly shed tears, but will not help the child.

Japanese parents see this as a training for frustration, an experience for their children, and these little things are actually subtly honing their children's willpower and stress tolerance.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。