Literature review怎么写

Literature review，也就是文献综述，这是留学生们非常熟悉的东西。当然，熟悉并不意味着可以写好Literature review.写作Literature review并不是一件简单的事情，除了要大量阅读文献之外，它还需要大家对文献笔记进行梳理，这样才能写好Literature review.

首先：阅读

在开始写作之前，对于切题的文章，我们需要做的就是多读一些相关的文献，如果时间充裕的话，最好是全文一字不漏的仔细阅读。阅读量的积累对于写作而言真的很重要，当你在有了一定的阅读量的积累之后，你会看到你的写作从量变到质变的效果。

其次：阅读笔记

除了大量的阅读，我们应该在阅读的同时做好笔记，这样可以避免在后续的写作中，因为想起某个可以引用的观点却记不得观点出处的问题。要知道，在国外引用不做出明确说明的话，就会被判定为抄袭，这样一来后果就很严重了。所以我们在做笔记的时候，除了需要写出有借鉴意义的观点，还需要记录的内容有标题和作者。值得注意的是，这些观点一般是出现在文章的结论(Conclusion)部分。

最后：思维框架的构建

这一步骤主要是基于自己对阅读笔记的重新梳理。在重新整理自己的笔记时，你可能会发现有些笔记的内容观点是相似或者冲突的，这个时候则需要对其进行进一步的整理归类了。一般情况下，从正反两个方面来叙述一件事，才会使你的观点显现的更加全面，这样一来更容易Pass。

以上就是关于Literature review的写作讲解，如果同学们写不好Literature review的话，那么可以按照上面说的去做，基本就没什么问题了。

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Paper代写：The regulation of the CrytoCurrency Market

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The regulation of the CrytoCurrency Market，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了对货币市场的监管。在数字货币中，加密技术被用于监管货币单位的生成，并验证资金的转移，独立于央行进行操作。在过去四年里，加密货币交易员的数量急剧增加，与加密货币市场相关的法律问题也增加了。蓬勃发展的加密货币市场吸引了众多投资者涌入市场，但加密货币并非由中央银行发行，也没有任何政府机构担保，因此，许多政府都对投资发出了警告。尽管美国和欧盟都有最好的监管规定，但加密货币协议的固有性质允许它以假名在世界任何地方或从任何地方转移，因此，非法交易不会通过监管完全消除。

Chapter 1. Introduction to the CrytoCurrency Market

Oxford Dictionaries.com has defined the cryptocurrency as "a digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank." According to the “Coin Market Cap.com” there are 2,090 cryptocurrency trading in the market as of Oct 17, 2018, the total market Cap in the cryptocurrency market is $210,563,016,976, and 24 hour trading volume is $12,270,813,501 (Coin Market Cap.com, 2018). The Bitcoin as the earliest invented cryptocurrency accounted for 53.8% of the total market. The Bitcoin was designed by a Japanese Professor whose name is Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, the initial intention to design the cryptocurrency is to eliminate other payment platform also known as the “middleman” from payment transactions (Nakamoto, 2009). With the elimination of the “middleman” allow individuals to sent payment directly to payee without any extra charge from payment platform as transaction fees and no personal information need to get exchanged as usual money transfer from the banks.

All cryptocurrency relied on Blockchain technology to support the computing algorithm and storage of the recording ledger, Bitcoin was able to be generated through “mining” in the early days, as the amount of Bitcoin remained as a fixed number, trading in the public platform became a more viable option (investopedia, 2018). Among the 2,090 cryptocurrencies that were trading, the price ranged from several cents to over six thousands dollars, Bitcoin has the highest monetary value hiking over $6,500 dollars. According to the Business insider (2017), the value of cryptocurrency has raised over 400% for the past year, as for the Bitcoin, the trading price reached a historical peak of $5,856.10 on October 13, 2017 and kept climbing. With hiking trading prices the cryptocurrency has attracted many investors into the market, the number of cryptocurrency trader has been drastically increased for the past four years and legal issues associated with cryptocurrency market have been increased as well.

Chapter 2. Legal issues and Risk in the Cryptocurrency Market

The unique feature of cryptocurrency allow individuals to make payments, transfers and trading online, while remain anonymous, this feature indeed protected privacy of the trading individuals but also raise many more legal concerns at the same time. Forbes reported that the surging passion on cryptocurrency also caught regulators around the world off-guard, which resulted in grey areas from legal perspective (Forbes, 2018). In this section, a number of legal issues in the cryptocurrency market would be discussed.

1. The argument on definition of cryptocurrency and investment concerns

U.S. Treasury has recognized Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency as a currency, however, not everyone agreed with such definition, for example the Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan claimed that Bitcoin prices are unsustainably high after surging 89-fold in a year and that the virtual money isn’t currency (White, 2015). The surging cryptocurrency market has attracted numerous investors flood into the market, but the cryptocurrency was not issued by a central bank nor guaranteed by any government agencies, therefore, many governments have issued warning regarding to investments. According to Reuters, all cyrptocurrency exchanges in Japan were asked to perform an internal audit in 2017 to review all risks associated with its operation and the internal audit report on their system risk management to Japanese financial regulators (Reuters, 2017). This request was made shortly after Coincheck reported over half a billion dollars loss caused by security breach that related to hacking.

Japan was not along on issue warnings to investment in the cryptocurrency markets, according to a legal survey conducted by U.S. Global Legal Research Center on governmental law and regulation on Cryptocurrency around the world, it reflected that most countries have identified the shortfalls of investments in in the cryptocurrency markets (U.S. Global Legal Research Center, 2018). Those warnings were issued by central banks in most countries, the purpose of such warnings including educate citizens about cryptocurrency and its differences with other investment products and actual monetary assets that were issued and guaranteed by the states.

2. ICO and other Frauds

ICO also known as “Initial Coin Offering”, which is similar to “Initial Public Offering” in financial investment market, but unlike “Initial Public Offering” where investors would receive stocks, investors would receive new cryptocurrency instead with “Initial Coin Offering”. Similar to the reasons why investors would purchase stocks in “Initial Public Offering”, investors purchase cryptocurrency in hopes that the cryptocurrency would perform well and provide exceptional return on investment in the future. Unlike “Initial Public Offering”, it has been well regulated by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other related agencies, “Initial Coin Offering” has not yet been regulated by law and has no government agencies oversee such process, thus, “Initial Coin Offering” can be used to bypass highly regulated capital-raising process required by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or banks.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued a warning at the end of 2017 to investors regarding to the concerns on the cryptocurrency and ICO markets because there is limited investors protections in the market with huge opportunities for fraud and manipulation.

From News report on Fortune, on Oct 1st 2017, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has filed its first fraud charges against two “Initial Coin Offering”, the two cryptocurrency marketed as “REcoin” and “DRC” by Maksim Zaslavskiy, these two cryptocurrency were claimed backed by Real Estate and investments in diamonds respectively. According to statement released by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), there were no investment made on behalf of investors and SEC argues that the cryptocurrency they were selling “Des not really exist” , this statement means that the two cryptocurrency marketed as “REcoin” and “DRC” were not really ICOs, because they were not running on the blockchains. This is a case similar to one famous global scam –OneCoin, and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) decided that “Initial Coin Offering” and other trading cryptocurrencies also securities, thus fraudulent cryptocurrency issuers would also be prosecuted in U.S. , but not all other countries announced similar regulations yet.

3. Money Laundering

The culture of laundering money in the Bitcoin network is so prevalent there is even a website called bitlaunder.com. The company bitlaunder.com claims they are "experts at laundering Bitcoin" and they "use the most sophisticated methods available to completely anonymize your Bitcoins and obscure their history from forensic tracing”.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office reported that the pseudonymity in VCs makes it difficult for the government to detect money laundering and other financial crimes, and it may be necessary to rely on international cooperation to address these crimes. Similarly, the European Banking Authority claimed that regulations should strive for "global coordination, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve a successful regulatory regime". In spite of the best regulations from the United States and the European Union, the inherent nature of the Bitcoin protocol allows for pseudonymous transfers of Bitcoins to or from anywhere in the world, so illegal transactions will not be completely eliminated through regulations.

Many of the warnings issued by various countries also note the opportunities that cryptocurrencies create for illegal activities, such as money laundering and terrorism. Some of the countries surveyed go beyond simply warning the public and have expanded their laws on money laundering, counterterrorism, and organized crimes to include cryptocurrency markets, and require banks and other financial institutions that facilitate such markets to conduct all the due diligence requirements imposed under such laws. For instance, Australia, Canada, and the Isle of Man recently enacted laws to bring cryptocurrency transactions and institutions that facilitate them under the ambit of money laundering and counter-terrorist financing laws.

4. Taxation

One of the many questions that arise from allowing investments in and the use of cryptocurrencies is the issue of taxation. In this regard the challenge appears to be how to categorize cryptocurrencies and the specific activities involving them for purposes of taxation. This matters primarily because whether gains made from mining or selling cryptocurrencies are categorized as income or capital gains invariably determines the applicable tax bracket. The surveyed countries have categorized cryptocurrencies differently for tax purposes, as illustrated by the following examples:

Israel → taxed as asset

Bulgaria → taxed as financial asset

Switzerland → taxed as foreign currency

Argentina & Spain → subject to income tax

Denmark → subject to income tax and losses are deductible

United Kingdom: → corporations pay corporate tax, unincorporated businesses pay income tax, individuals pay capital gains tax

Mainly due to a 2015 decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), gains in cryptocurrency investments are not subject to value added tax in the European Union Member States.

In most of the countries surveyed for this report that have or are in the process of devising taxation rules, the mining of cryptocurrencies is also exempt from taxation. However, in Russia mining that exceeds a certain energy consumption threshold is taxable.

Chapter 3. Regulation of cryptocurrency market in U.S, E.U. and China

China

In 2013, China was one of the biggest drivers of the bitcoin price, when it was trading just over $1,000. This was of course before many of the new digital tokens — of which there are over 1,000 now — had come to market. The Chinese saw it at the time as an alternative investment to the stock market and housing market that were becoming increasingly risky. In 2017, China outright banned initial coin offerings (ICOs). The group of regulators that issued the ban provided a list of 60 major ICO platforms for local financial watchdogs to inspect. That same year, China’s biggest cryptocurrency exchanges halted trading for domestic customers at the behest of the government. At the beginning of 2018, China moved to block foreign trading platforms operating in China.

U.S.

The U.S. approach to regulating the crypto-industry has been to work within its current laws rather than introduce new ones, as well as highlighting the risks of people involved in ICOs and trading.

E.U.

Chapter 4 Future Expectation of the CrytoCurrency Market

Growth of Blockchain technology

The CrytoCurrency Market relied on the Blockchain technology, and the Blockchain currently have two major applications at current stage, the first application is digital cryptocurrency such as the Bitcoin and the second major application is decentralized privacy and data protection as Blockchain use peer-to-peer nodes in the network. After Nakamato announced invention of Bitcoin in 2008, several other digital crypto currencies were introduced, such as Certcoin by Fromknet and Namecoin based on Bitcoin’s blockchain with modification, as the director of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network - Jennifer Shasky Calvery suggested that CrytoCurrency could become a significant player in the financial system (2013). While the future usage of Bitcoin is still in debate, because there is a up limit of Bitcoin as a currency, Nassim Taleb believes that the framework of Bitcoin, which is Blockchain technology would have better application, where he stated “Bitcoin is the beginning of some-thing great, as Bitcoin is a currency without a government, something necessary and imperative and it would take a long time to establish confidence” in a new payment method system (2013).

With existing scholar and business have confidence in the Blockchain system, some business have plans to apply Blockchain in its business, as NASDAQ have announced its NASDAQ Private Market platform will adopt a Blockchain digital-ledger technology to manage equities in the platform for its client (Orcutt, 2015). Moreover, U.S. Federal Reserve System (2015) announced they plan to adopt Blockchain as a payment system in its system as well, which they call a “digital value transfer vehicle” to process interbank payments in the U.S. banking system. With U.S. Federal Reserve’s initiatives more company in the U.S. are more likely to use Blockchain technology in the finance industry and in digital payment services. Also with the initiative from U.S. Federal Reserve more attention will be draw to Blockchain technology and its application in financial service industry.

Technology companies like Amazon and Google could provided banking services through block chain technology (Bloomberg, 2018). As the block chain technology was able to protect private information and used a decentralized information transmission model that limited possibilities for phishing and other types of fraudulent acts. Current Scholar researched showed confidence in the Block chain technology and the adoption, some business also eager to apply the technology in its business. NASDAQ have announced its NASDAQ Private Market platform will adopt a Block chain digital-ledger technology to manage equities in the platform for its client (Orcutt, 2015). U.S. Federal Reserve System (2015) also made announcement on its plan to adopt Block chain as a payment system in its system as well, which they call a “digital value transfer vehicle” to process interbank payments in the U.S. banking system. With U.S. Federal Reserve’s initiatives on use Blockchain technology in the finance services industry and in digital payment services, more attention will be draw to Blockchain technology and its application.

Future Legal Expectation

Given the anonymous feature of cryptocurrency and its reliance on the supporting Blockchain technology, concerns regarding to hacking and breach of Internet security protection.

Chapter 5 Conclusion

CrytoCurrency like Bitcoin still experiencing massive debates on its usages and legitimacy, the controversy and legal issues related with the currency itself and supporting technology needs systemic regulations to support the future growth.

Reference:

U.S. Federal Reserve System. 2015. Strategies for Improving the U.S. Payment System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Federal Reserve System.

Fromknecht C., Velicanu D., Yakoubov S., A Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure with Identity Retention, 2014

Nakamoto S., Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,http://www.bitcoin.org, 2018.

White, Lawrence H. 2015. The Market for Cryptocurrencies. Cato Journal. 35, no. 2: 383–402.

Tewari H., Noallain E. O., Netcoin: A Traceable P2P Electronic Cash System, IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2015

Lazarovich A., Invisible Ink: Blockchain for Data Privacy, 2015

Gibson W., Device democracy, Saving the future of the Internet of Things, 2015, Accessed from: http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/gb/en/gbe03620usen/GBE03620USEN.PDF

Buterin V., A next generation smart contract and decentralized application platform, Etherum White Paper, April 2016, Accessed from: http://www.the-blockchain.com/docs/Ethereum_white_paper-a_next_generation_smart_contract_and_decentralized_application_platform-vitalik-buterin.pdf

Kosba A., Miller A., Shi E., Wen Z., Papamanthou C., Hawk: The Blockchain Model of

Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts, 2015

Orcutt, Mike. 2015. Why Nasdaq Is Betting on Bitcoin’s Blockchain. MIT Technology Review,

July 9, n.p.

Zyskind G., Nathan O., Pentland A. S., Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect

Personal Data, IEEE CS Security and Privacy Workshops, 2015

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创paper代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Essay完成后如何进行修改

不知道大家在写完Essay后，是不是就等着交作业了。其实这还漏了一步，那就是修改润色。如果Essay没问题还好，如果真有问题的话，没有及时修改过来，那就完了，想拿高分基本是没戏了。那么Essay完成后该如何进行修改呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

(1)将完整的Essay放在旁边一段时间。关于这一问题的参考文献建议，在你能够阅读理解你真正写了什么而不是你认为你已经写了之前，你需要远离你的Essay至少48小时。

(2)当你回来处理你的Essay时，打印并从头开始阅读整篇Essay，目的是判断哪些地方的内容是必须修改的。不要停下来去做任何修改，只是在页边位置或有问题文字下面做出标记，指明你将需要回头修改的位置。

(3)一旦你读完文件，回到Essay的开头。修改你确认需要修改的每个问题。

(4)然后像以前一样重新编辑它。

(5)只需要重复多次这一步骤。当你完成程序的这一步时，你应该对所写Essay的科学性满意。

(6)现在编辑所谓的论述特征:这些是促进章节和句子流畅和关联的语言特征.

核查副标题是否出现在应该出现的地方。

核查段落在适当的位置有主题句。

按照我们从总体到具体和已知信息在前新信息在后的指导原则，核查段落和句子。

(7)拼写、标点符号和语法的编辑。

特别核查你经常犯错的地方:使用你的文字处理软件的查找功能。

保持电脑拼写检测程序常开，不过请记住它的局限性和它不能识别你使用了正确拼写但它在上下文中是错误的单词，例如，如果你想表达“their”的意思却打出“there”，或者你想表达“its'”，却打出“it's”。你将同样需要将你所有使用的科技术语增加到程序词典(当你加入这些科技词汇时要仔细检测它们的拼写是正确的)。然后你能确信，无论何时红色波浪线出现的地方就是一个要解决的问题。

检查标点符号和斜体字，特别像“et al.”和物种名称。(关于这个问题不同的杂志有不同的习惯。因此你需要检查将投稿的杂志的投稿指南，确认杂志是如何要求的)

如果英语是你的第二语言，编辑你自己Essay写作的语法准确性要特别细心。我们建议你使用尺子和文本打印版(即不要试图在电脑屏幕上做这件事)。从章节的最后一个句子开始，在这个句子上放上尺子。阅读句子并检测它的语法，即核实动词和主语的一致、单复数形式使用恰当、动词时态正确以及冠词(a.an.the)使用恰当。然后向页面上方移动尺子并阅读你刚检查过句子的前一句话。这样做除了你要找的语法问题外你很少被其他问题干扰到。请必须记住，在多次完成上述(1)一(5)步骤以后，你已经对手稿科学性很满意了!现在你只是在处理语法问题。

(8)编辑引文和参考文献列表的正确性和一致性。

a.如果你使用了商业仁购买的书目软件程序，例如“Endnote or Reference Manager"，这一步中大多数内容已经为你做好了，但你仍需要检测程序输出的内容是否是你需要的并且生成的条目没有异常或不一致，如果输入程序的数据不正确会出现异常或不一致。

b.如果人工生成参考文献列表，你必须在下面三个方面仔细检查。

(a)Essay正文中的每一个参考文献在此列表中有对应的条目吗?

(b)此参考文献列表中的每个条目在正文中至少出现过一次吗?

(c)正文中所有参考文献和参考文献列表中的所有条目都是准确按照杂志的规定列出的吗?(即包括标点符号、间距、使用斜体和加粗字体，以及用首字母大写等)

(9)版面设计的编辑:使用“打印预览”单独查看每一页，确保标题之后是正文，以及按目标杂志投稿指南的规定每页页眉是否出现标题(running headers)o

(10)检测你是否遵循了投稿指南中提供的格式化要求，包括注意手稿中图、表格的位置和它们的题目与图注，以及在与杂志关联网站上出现补充支持信息(如果这种情况适合你)。

(11)最后检查:做一次最终仔细阅读去查找可能被忽略的小错误。请求同学帮你做这项检查可能对你更有帮助，但是礼尚往来记得他们有这样的要求的你时候也要帮忙哦。

以上就是关于Essay写作完成后的修改，不知道Essay如何修改的同学们可以按照上面说的去做，把Essay进一步完善。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Crime under the road traffic act of England

本篇paper代写- Crime under the road traffic act of England讨论了英国道路交通法的犯罪规定。英国关于道路交通犯罪的立法，可谓在西方国家中为最完备者之一。1988年英国颁布道路交通法之后，又在1991年和1996年两次进行了修订。英国刑法不仅有关于交通道路犯罪的危险犯、行为犯等规定，对于受酒精影响而驾驶的行为规定了多个罪名，在处罚上，对于危险驾驶机动车辆致人死亡的，按照普通法的传统，应当认定为非预谋杀人罪，应当判处14年监禁或罚金，或者二者并罚之。而且，英国刑法对危险驾驶类犯罪与酒后驾驶类犯罪规定了远重于德国刑法典对同类犯罪规定的刑罚。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Britain has some of the best road crime legislation in the west. After the enactment of the road traffic law in 1988, it was revised in 1991 and 1996. The act stipulates: driving a motor vehicle in a dangerous manner on a road or other public places, causing death of another person, shall constitute the crime of causing death by dangerous driving; Driving motor vehicles in a dangerous manner on roads or other public places constitutes a crime of dangerous driving.

"Dangerous driving" refers to the if in a competent and cautious driver, in a vehicle can cause dangerous conditions, that person still driving, the person shall be considered to implement the dangerous driving behavior, the specific performance as follows: the driving way is far lower than for a capable and cautious driver expectations; For a capable and careful driver, such driving is obviously dangerous. The term "danger" here refers to the danger of causing injury to a person or serious damage to property.

If an actor drives a motor vehicle on a road or in a public place and fails to exercise a duty of care of reasonable care or a duty of reasonable care to any other person who is using the road or in a public place, he shall be guilty of negligent and inconsiderate driving. If behavior person under any of the following circumstances, on the road driving motor vehicles, or other public places are using the roads or in public places is not others to exercise the care obligation of reasonable care and duty of care or reasonable, thus causing death, constitute a "driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs deadly sin" : when the vehicle is in under the influence of alcohol or drugs, not suitable for driving the vehicle; "Unfit to drive" means that a person should be considered unfit to drive when his ability to drive properly is impaired. Drinking so much alcohol that the alcohol content in their breath, blood or urine exceeds the legal limit. They are required to provide specimens under section 7 of the act within 18 hours of the occurrence of the incident, for no reasonable reason. The law also provides for "driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs" and "driving or controlling a motor vehicle while over the limit of alcohol".

It can be seen from the above analysis that the UK has adopted stricter road traffic safety management measures. British criminal law is not only about traffic perilous crime, act crime committed such as regulation, for driving while under the influence of alcohol behavior rules for multiple charges, on the punishment, for dangerous driving motor vehicle causing death, according to the tradition of common law, shall be deemed to be homicide recognized, shall be sentenced to 14 years in prison or a fine, or the combined punishment. Moreover, the British criminal law provides far heavier penalties for dangerous driving and drunk driving crimes than the German criminal code provides for similar crimes!

At present, road traffic crime is extremely serious, which not only causes social unrest and widespread concern, but also has caused a large number of casualties and heavy losses of property. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the previous legislative experience of road traffic crime in the UK, carefully review the existing legislation of traffic crime related to driving motor vehicles, and timely revise and improve the shortcomings of China's criminal law legislation. The basic idea is:

Referring to the British regulations on the crime of driving motor vehicles, this kind of crime is divided into intentional crime and negligent crime, and the two types of dangerous crime and behavioral crime are clearly stipulated, and the result aggravated crime of this kind of crime is also stipulated.

The special establishment of "drunk driving motor vehicle crime", that is, clearly stipulated that the alcohol content exceeds a certain safety standard and driving motor vehicles, regardless of whether there are harmful consequences, should be considered as a crime. As for the safety standard of alcohol content in China, it can be determined after consulting relevant medical experts. The blood alcohol level of the relevant countries to prohibit the driving of motor vehicles standards are not the same. Germany's threshold for "unsafe driving" under article 316 of the German penal code is the threshold for criminal responsibility. In the UK, the breathable alcohol concentration is :35 micrograms of alcohol /100 ml of exhaled gas; Blood alcohol concentration :35 micrograms of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood; The urine alcohol level :35 micrograms of alcohol per 100 milliliters of urine, or whatever the secretary of state's rules dictate. On the administrative penalties of drunk driving standards in our country, according to the state administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine bureau issued "the vehicle drivers blood, breath alcohol threshold, and inspection, drivers per 100 milliliters of blood alcohol content is greater than or equal to 20 mg, and less than 80 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood alcohol content for drunken driving; Drunk driving is defined as having a bac of 80 mg or more per 100 ml. The alcohol content standards for drunk driving in China are much higher than those in Germany and Britain.

The "crime of dangerous driving" will be added to prohibit drag racing or other dangerous driving behaviors in public transportation or areas where people live in daily life, and criminalize those dangerous driving behaviors such as drag racing in public transportation or areas where people live in daily life for the purpose of fun and sports. And criminalize those who drive above the legal speed limit. As for what percentage of the speed above the law as a starting point for criminalization, experts can be consulted to determine.

The sentencing range for crimes related to illegal driving of motor vehicles will be significantly increased, thus effectively deterring illegal driving of motor vehicles endangering the lives, health and property safety of others.

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Essay代写：The history of the U.S. constitution

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The history of the U.S. constitution，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国宪法。美国的宪法是人类历史上第一部完整和进步的共和国成文宪法。这部宪法的最大特点就是它是由国民代表全民所制定的一部活生生具有创验性的建国大典，它在不断修订中诠释着民主、自由和权利的边界。从一定程度上说，美国宪法的历史代表了共和国宪法走过的道路。

The constitution of the United States is the first republic constitution in the history of human law. To some extent, the history of the constitution of the United States represents the path taken by the constitution of the republic. Charles beard is a famous constitutional scientist in the United States. He wrote the "republican dialogue" in the form of dialogue. This article is selected from the translator's preface, slightly abridged.

The constitution of the United States is the first complete and progressive written constitution of a republic in human history. The biggest characteristic of this constitution is that it is a living and experimental founding ceremony made by the people on behalf of the whole nation. Supreme Court justice John holmes once said, "the constitution of the United States is an experiment of day and night and year after year." It has been in force for more than 190 years. Meanwhile, it has faced the double test of peace and war. When the country is free, it is the Constitution in Peace, a political history against dictatorship. When a country goes into war, The Constitution becomes The Fighting Constitution to save the nation. When franklin came out of the convention hall after a meeting of the constitutional convention, many people were waiting for him. They gathered around him and asked, "your framers passed this, gave us a constitution, and what else?" Franklin replied, "we constitutional representatives have given you a constitution, but it is for the rest of you to execute and maintain it."

After more than a hundred years of tests, the constitution of the United States has indeed undertaken the dual tasks of the peacetime constitution and the wartime constitution. Despite its many shortcomings, the constitutional tradition left to the United States by the Washington people is the peacetime constitutional model that guarantees human rights and promotes constitutionalism, while the constitutional tradition left to the United States by Lincoln in the civil war and Roosevelt in World War II is the wartime constitution that maintains the union and adopts contingency. Two years ago the American historical association conducted a poll of the heads of history departments at major universities across the country. Lincoln was the second most respected President of the United States. Despite suspending human rights and declaring martial law during the war, he maintained a "constitutional dictatorship" and "tyranny of convenience", but insisted on continuing the presidential election. In 1865 he told a crowd gathered on the White House lawn to congratulate him: "I have been advised not to hold a presidential election because I have suspended civil rights and declared martial law. And with little prospect of re-election, why risk a presidential election? "The reason why I want to insist on the presidential election is to prove one thing, that our constitution can be applied in time of peace, but whether it can also stand the test of time of war." This is a thought-provoking passage.

Charles Austin Beard is a well-known professor of political science in Columbia, who has long been favored by shihlin and the political circles. Although he has passed away, his book The Republic is an indispensable reference book for The study of The constitution of The United States. The name of The book is The same as Plato's Republic, which implies that The United States Republic is The new "Republic". With 21 chapters, it covers the major issues of the American constitution. The book is written in the way of dialogue, many dialogues by pros and cons, citing classics, simple, language more police. Russian writer solzhenitsyn on western and American political law and social morality have serious criticism, also somebody of defending democracy in America, I have 25 years, individual study in the United States to teach people think we tend to think that the constitution of the United States is eternal peace constitution in one thousand, said only democracy and freedom, while ignoring the constitution of the United States the characteristics in wartime. It is unfair to criticize other countries' painstaking efforts to implement the constitution in wartime according to the peacetime standard of American constitutionalism.

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