今回は、南アフリカで起きてる抗議デモに対する南アフリカ警察の対応に関するネタ。
・Analysis: Deadly policing（2011年4月29日 IRINNEWS）
つーか、南アフリカでは抗議デモが割と頻繁に起きてるらしいのよね。
実際、日本外務省も、去年8月12日の時点で渡航情報（危険情報）を出してるんだよな。
この辺は以下参照（手抜き）
・南アフリカに対する渡航情報（危険情報）の発出（2010年8月12日更新分 外務省）
しかし、「抗議デモ隊が暴徒化し～」って表現はどうなのよ？
話を戻す。
で、IRINNEWS の記事は、2011年4月13日に Ficksburg という都市で行われた抗議デモの最中、取り締まりにあたった警察が抗議デモ参加者に（中に金属の芯がある）ゴム弾を撃った結果、男性1人が亡くなるという事件から始まっていた。
これだけで後日の揉め事になる要素は十分だったが、今回の事件は違うレベルの揉め事を引き起こしていた。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS 『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、南アフリカ警察の釈明＋Gareth NEWHAM 氏のコメント部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
A spokesperson for National Police Commissioner General Bheki Cele told a local radio station that the cases should be treated as "isolated incidents", but many commentators point out that the use of lethal force by the police has risen dramatically in recent years.
Figures from the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD), which is charged with investigating all deaths resulting from police action, show that 568 people were shot dead by the police in 2008/09, more than double the number just three years earlier, and the highest number since the ICD was established in 1997.
"The only thing that was an aberration [in Tatane's killing] was that it was captured on national television," said Gareth Newham, head of the Crime and Justice Programme at the Institute for Security Studies, a South Africa-based think-tank.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
事件の様子を TV 局（南アフリカ放送：SABC）が放送、か。
↓は、SABC が流したニュース映像の転載モノ（画質悪め）。
Shocking Police Brutality - Protest March Turns Violent Killing a protester
確かに、その映像は、視聴者にとってハードだったのは否めないが・・・。
とにかく、政権与党であるアフリカ民族会議（ANC）は、この事件に関して SABC の対応を非難していた。
・SAPS, SABC under fire after Ficksburg killing（2011年4月14日 The New Age）
以下、2011年4月14日分 The New Age『SAPS, SABC under fire～』から、ANC 広報担当こと Jackson MTHEMBU 氏のコメント部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
"In what the ANC can only describe as resembling apartheid era police strong arm tactics, showing total disregard for human rights enshrined in the South African Constitution, members of the SAPS... violently killed an unarmed protester after severely beating him in full glare of members of the Ficksburg community in the Free State," said Mthembu in a statement issued late on Wednesday evening.
"The ANC strongly condemns the brutal beating of the man to death - a chilling and sad scene which was later shown to millions on national television news by the SA Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)."
（中略）
Mthembu said the ANC was also concerned that the SABC aired the "shocking and disturbing images" on prime time television news, disregarding young and sensitive viewers.
"We therefore, also call upon the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to investigate whether the public broadcaster has not overstepped its mandate in this regard."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
う～む。
元をただせば、南アフリカ警察を統括する立場（立法側から）の ANC にも一半の責任があると思うけど・・・。
SABC の抗議デモに関する放送内容が適切だったかどうかは後日の問題か。
つーか、南アフリカ警察が強硬姿勢を打ち出してるのは、1994年のアパルトヘイト体制崩壊→民主化以降に打ち出した警察の特殊部隊削減政策の副産物、という意味もあるとか。
実は、1994年以降抗議デモが穏やかに行われるようになったことから、特殊部隊削減を行ったという。
その結果、南アフリカ警察は抗議デモを「穏便に」鎮圧する手法を忘れてしまったと・・・。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、NEWHAM 氏 と Sam MNOTSEARE 氏との発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Newham noted that police handling of such protests tended to escalate conflict rather than neutralize it.
"They think their job is to squash protest, and anyone taking part is seen as the enemy," he told IRIN.
"Often they fire tear gas and rubber bullets before there’s any real reason to."
Sam Motseare, chairperson of Meqheleng Concerned Citizens group, of which Tatane[Andries TATANE 氏、今月13日の抗議デモで亡くなった人] was also a member, was among those who witnessed how quickly relations between protesters and police can disintegrate.
"On that fateful day there was lots of police - we were shocked there were so many," he said.
The protesters, whose main complaint was that parts of the township had been without running water for several years, had obtained permission to march and proceeded to the municipal offices without incident.
"Somebody started throwing stones from the roof of the offices - that's when things starting getting out of control," said Motseare, who said the police did not seem to have appropriate training to deal with the situation.
He told IRIN that he heard the police officer in charge give the order to shoot Tatane.
"It has broken our trust in the police," he said.
"We’re afraid to call for another march."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
変な書き方をすれば、アパルトヘイト体制崩壊後続いていた南アフリカ警察と南アフリカに住む人達の「ハネムーン」期間が終わったってことなんだろうか？
もっとも、南アフリカ警察が抗議デモの取り締まりに対し強硬姿勢を取るのは、それなりの理由があるっぺぇ。
最初に紹介した日本外務省渡航情報（危険情報）でも触れられてるが、重大犯罪の発生件数が結構なレベルに達しているってのが大きな要因だとか。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、NEWHAM 氏と David BRUCE 氏＋Norman MAMPANE 氏の発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Newham and others argue that the escalation in the use of force by the SAPS goes beyond the issue of training. Statements by political and SAPS leaders in recent years urging police to make use of their weapons to deal with criminals have been heard by the ranks.
"The subliminal message that has been conveyed to members of the police service... seemed to encourage a gloves-off approach," said David Bruce, a senior researcher at the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
"A lot of police management... believe that excessive force is necessary in order to get the job done, which often means turning a blind eye to how force is used."
South Africa's high rates of violent crime also mean that many people welcome a tougher stance by the police.
Norman Mampane, spokesman of the Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union (POPCRU), criticized a decision in April 2010 to introduce military-style ranks to the SAPS, describing it as "the re-militarization of the police service".
"Communities have a right to march and demonstrate," he told IRIN.
"The police shouldn't be used to crush the views of protesters and strikers."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
なんだろうな。
具体的な脅威が迫ってる以上、強権的な手法を使ってでも警察に治安維持を図って欲しいという意味合いなんだろうか？
だからといって、警察のやることについてチェックを甘くしてもいいってもんじゃないけどな。
となると、こうした事件を調査する役割を持ってるはずの Independent Complaints Directorate（ICD）に期待したい所が、その実態は笑えないモノみたいで・・・。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、BRUCE 氏の発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Politicians tend to believe it is the ICD's responsibility to deal with police brutality, but the institution lacks either the capacity or the legal clout to do much more than investigate allegations of misconduct, Newham said. Recommendations for disciplinary action were usually ignored.
Bruce agreed that the ICD had little power to solve the problem.
"Their [the ICD] rate of convictions is almost irrelevant," he told IRIN.
"The use of force by police needs to be controlled, and that needs to come from enlightened police leaders."
---- 引用以上 ----
う～む。
警察側は「正当防衛」とか「適切な対応」を繰り返し強調してるんだろうが・・・。
どうやら、南アフリカ警察にも、自分達が法律で縛られるのを嫌う人が少なからずいるようだ。
・Analysis: Deadly policing（2011年4月29日 IRINNEWS）
つーか、南アフリカでは抗議デモが割と頻繁に起きてるらしいのよね。
実際、日本外務省も、去年8月12日の時点で渡航情報（危険情報）を出してるんだよな。
この辺は以下参照（手抜き）
・南アフリカに対する渡航情報（危険情報）の発出（2010年8月12日更新分 外務省）
しかし、「抗議デモ隊が暴徒化し～」って表現はどうなのよ？
話を戻す。
で、IRINNEWS の記事は、2011年4月13日に Ficksburg という都市で行われた抗議デモの最中、取り締まりにあたった警察が抗議デモ参加者に（中に金属の芯がある）ゴム弾を撃った結果、男性1人が亡くなるという事件から始まっていた。
これだけで後日の揉め事になる要素は十分だったが、今回の事件は違うレベルの揉め事を引き起こしていた。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS 『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、南アフリカ警察の釈明＋Gareth NEWHAM 氏のコメント部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
A spokesperson for National Police Commissioner General Bheki Cele told a local radio station that the cases should be treated as "isolated incidents", but many commentators point out that the use of lethal force by the police has risen dramatically in recent years.
Figures from the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD), which is charged with investigating all deaths resulting from police action, show that 568 people were shot dead by the police in 2008/09, more than double the number just three years earlier, and the highest number since the ICD was established in 1997.
"The only thing that was an aberration [in Tatane's killing] was that it was captured on national television," said Gareth Newham, head of the Crime and Justice Programme at the Institute for Security Studies, a South Africa-based think-tank.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
事件の様子を TV 局（南アフリカ放送：SABC）が放送、か。
↓は、SABC が流したニュース映像の転載モノ（画質悪め）。
Shocking Police Brutality - Protest March Turns Violent Killing a protester
確かに、その映像は、視聴者にとってハードだったのは否めないが・・・。
とにかく、政権与党であるアフリカ民族会議（ANC）は、この事件に関して SABC の対応を非難していた。
・SAPS, SABC under fire after Ficksburg killing（2011年4月14日 The New Age）
以下、2011年4月14日分 The New Age『SAPS, SABC under fire～』から、ANC 広報担当こと Jackson MTHEMBU 氏のコメント部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
"In what the ANC can only describe as resembling apartheid era police strong arm tactics, showing total disregard for human rights enshrined in the South African Constitution, members of the SAPS... violently killed an unarmed protester after severely beating him in full glare of members of the Ficksburg community in the Free State," said Mthembu in a statement issued late on Wednesday evening.
"The ANC strongly condemns the brutal beating of the man to death - a chilling and sad scene which was later shown to millions on national television news by the SA Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)."
（中略）
Mthembu said the ANC was also concerned that the SABC aired the "shocking and disturbing images" on prime time television news, disregarding young and sensitive viewers.
"We therefore, also call upon the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to investigate whether the public broadcaster has not overstepped its mandate in this regard."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
う～む。
元をただせば、南アフリカ警察を統括する立場（立法側から）の ANC にも一半の責任があると思うけど・・・。
SABC の抗議デモに関する放送内容が適切だったかどうかは後日の問題か。
つーか、南アフリカ警察が強硬姿勢を打ち出してるのは、1994年のアパルトヘイト体制崩壊→民主化以降に打ち出した警察の特殊部隊削減政策の副産物、という意味もあるとか。
実は、1994年以降抗議デモが穏やかに行われるようになったことから、特殊部隊削減を行ったという。
その結果、南アフリカ警察は抗議デモを「穏便に」鎮圧する手法を忘れてしまったと・・・。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、NEWHAM 氏 と Sam MNOTSEARE 氏との発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Newham noted that police handling of such protests tended to escalate conflict rather than neutralize it.
"They think their job is to squash protest, and anyone taking part is seen as the enemy," he told IRIN.
"Often they fire tear gas and rubber bullets before there’s any real reason to."
Sam Motseare, chairperson of Meqheleng Concerned Citizens group, of which Tatane[Andries TATANE 氏、今月13日の抗議デモで亡くなった人] was also a member, was among those who witnessed how quickly relations between protesters and police can disintegrate.
"On that fateful day there was lots of police - we were shocked there were so many," he said.
The protesters, whose main complaint was that parts of the township had been without running water for several years, had obtained permission to march and proceeded to the municipal offices without incident.
"Somebody started throwing stones from the roof of the offices - that's when things starting getting out of control," said Motseare, who said the police did not seem to have appropriate training to deal with the situation.
He told IRIN that he heard the police officer in charge give the order to shoot Tatane.
"It has broken our trust in the police," he said.
"We’re afraid to call for another march."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
変な書き方をすれば、アパルトヘイト体制崩壊後続いていた南アフリカ警察と南アフリカに住む人達の「ハネムーン」期間が終わったってことなんだろうか？
もっとも、南アフリカ警察が抗議デモの取り締まりに対し強硬姿勢を取るのは、それなりの理由があるっぺぇ。
最初に紹介した日本外務省渡航情報（危険情報）でも触れられてるが、重大犯罪の発生件数が結構なレベルに達しているってのが大きな要因だとか。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、NEWHAM 氏と David BRUCE 氏＋Norman MAMPANE 氏の発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Newham and others argue that the escalation in the use of force by the SAPS goes beyond the issue of training. Statements by political and SAPS leaders in recent years urging police to make use of their weapons to deal with criminals have been heard by the ranks.
"The subliminal message that has been conveyed to members of the police service... seemed to encourage a gloves-off approach," said David Bruce, a senior researcher at the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
"A lot of police management... believe that excessive force is necessary in order to get the job done, which often means turning a blind eye to how force is used."
South Africa's high rates of violent crime also mean that many people welcome a tougher stance by the police.
Norman Mampane, spokesman of the Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union (POPCRU), criticized a decision in April 2010 to introduce military-style ranks to the SAPS, describing it as "the re-militarization of the police service".
"Communities have a right to march and demonstrate," he told IRIN.
"The police shouldn't be used to crush the views of protesters and strikers."
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
なんだろうな。
具体的な脅威が迫ってる以上、強権的な手法を使ってでも警察に治安維持を図って欲しいという意味合いなんだろうか？
だからといって、警察のやることについてチェックを甘くしてもいいってもんじゃないけどな。
となると、こうした事件を調査する役割を持ってるはずの Independent Complaints Directorate（ICD）に期待したい所が、その実態は笑えないモノみたいで・・・。
以下、2011年4月29日分 IRINNEWS『Analysis: Deadly policing』から、BRUCE 氏の発言部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
Politicians tend to believe it is the ICD's responsibility to deal with police brutality, but the institution lacks either the capacity or the legal clout to do much more than investigate allegations of misconduct, Newham said. Recommendations for disciplinary action were usually ignored.
Bruce agreed that the ICD had little power to solve the problem.
"Their [the ICD] rate of convictions is almost irrelevant," he told IRIN.
"The use of force by police needs to be controlled, and that needs to come from enlightened police leaders."
---- 引用以上 ----
う～む。
警察側は「正当防衛」とか「適切な対応」を繰り返し強調してるんだろうが・・・。
どうやら、南アフリカ警察にも、自分達が法律で縛られるのを嫌う人が少なからずいるようだ。
