Essay写作的观点该怎么打造

曾经有国外大学的教授说过，很多中国留学生在写作Essay的时候，最容易出现的问题就是缺少对于知识的新的理解，简单来说就是Essay无法很好地体现自己的见解和观点，这样的话是很难拿到好分数的，那么Essay写作的观点该怎么打造呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

1、学会批判

创新的一个非常重要的方法就是去思考现存debate和观点的合理性。很多时候我们看对于学术大咖的文章总是心怀敬畏，认为他们的分析一定比我们自己的探讨更有道理，更有深度，逻辑也更牢靠。而事实上，很多所谓的专家学者的观点也只是建立在他们的个人观点与假设之上的。想要真正做好批判的工作，就要身体力行critical thinking，在思想中完全打破“权威”这个概念，就事论事。在我个人比较擅长的英语文学领域，只要对方和你的观点不同，并且你也能提出相应证据的话，你就完全有资格去反驳他。对于旧问题的新思考，便是批判型思路的落脚点。

注意，批判并不等于全盘否决。你的观点可以建立在和你要批判的观点类似的思路上，只不过在思考方式的某一步中出现了不同，便有可能导致最后得到差异巨大的结论。在这种情况下，将你的论述集中于对这个过程性不同的探讨，你就已经在创新的路上迈出了重要的一步。

2、学会具体化

我们要具体化的对象不再是Essay题目本身，而是该领域现有的讨论。很多时候，对于一个问题的思考进行抽象泛泛的总结是很多理论的通病，也是为什么在实践过程中会出现很多与理论不符的情况。以Benedict Anderson关于Nationalism的思考为例，他的论述和证据多是建立在对于欧洲各国观察和历史的基础之上的，然而欧洲本身就有着自己的特性，在这片土壤上发生的事和在世界其他地方发生的事情会存在一些本质性的不同；不仅如此，在欧洲内部也有着相当大的区别。在这种情况下，就可以去研究Anderson的理论对于某一个国家是否适用，从而做出别人还没做过的创新性研究。

3、学会比较

第三个重要的能力便是比较的能力，找出相同与不同的地方。如果一个人说A理论适用于B情况，那么和B有着类似状况的C，是否也可以将A套用在上面呢？简而言之，要学会集群，学会总结特性，并同时保有研究对象的个体性。一个英语文学方面例子就是对于拥有类似经历的主人公之间的比较与分析。同样在19世纪，类似的Bildungsroman文体，相近的孤儿经历，《简爱》中的同名主人公和《远大前程》中的皮普却有着相当不同的人生轨迹。去分析这样的情况是由什么原因导致的，也就已经确定了很大一部分的思考方向。

以上就是Essay写作的观点分析，如果同学们苦于自己写出来的Essay拿不到高分的话，可以看看是不是这种情况，是的话那就得改过来了。

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Paper代写：For-profit colleges in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- For-profit colleges in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的营利性大学。如今，美国的营利性大学的办学理念都是以学生为中心，以市场为导向，以营利为宗旨，专注于提供职业教育和技术培训，在不同于传统大学的办学方向上，有效整合市场需求、教育政策和现代信息技术手段，创造符合社会需求和学生需要的办学模式，通过准确切入高等教育市场，获得立足点和发展空间。

Private universities in the United States came into being before public ones. The famous harvard, Yale and Princeton were all founded before the independence of the United States. In the early days, private universities were nonprofit and non-profit, usually funded by churches or private donors. At present, public universities in the United States are all non-profit, while private universities can be divided into for-profit and non-profit. Private universities account for nearly 60% of all colleges and universities, and about a quarter of college students are enrolled in private colleges and universities.

For-profit universities have always been on the periphery of higher education. They were excluded from the scope of higher education certification before the 1970s, but gradually integrated into the higher education system after the 1970s and obtained the qualification to accept the certification. In the 1990s, for-profit universities developed rapidly, and the investment from all sides increased greatly. 1996 was an important year in its development history, and the speed of personal funds flowing into the education industry attracted the attention of Wall Street, mass media and many scholars. In 2000, the existing 45 degrees of listed companies, the main five is the Apollo group co., LTD., agassi's education group, Germany in the company, education management, Stella and education company, they are a total of 244, in the aspect of school each have unique, mainly attracted special student is not accepted by the traditional colleges and universities.

In a nutshell, the for-profit university's educational philosophy is based on students as the center, take the market as the guidance, for the purpose of making profits, focused on providing professional education and technical training, on the different from the traditional university school direction, effective integration of market demand, education policy and modern information technology, create meets the needs of social demand and student education mode, through accurate into higher education market, and gain a foothold and development space.

We should accurately grasp the market demand of higher education, carry out education with market-oriented thinking, take students as customers, take education as consumer goods, and develop a customer-oriented mode of running schools. In order to pay tuition fees and purchase higher education services, students choose schools based on whether they can use money and time to exchange for educational commodities at a reasonable price.

Student-centered, reflected in paying more attention to the interests of students, making faster response to the needs of students, thinking and carrying out education from the perspective of students, and designing education mode based on the characteristics of students. The course setting, teaching plan and teaching activities all depend on the needs of students, and the teaching quality is evaluated by students.

For-profit universities focus on utilitarianism, but at the same time adhere to educational principles, maintain the quality of education, do not destroy academic principles, and do not compromise and yield to all preferences of students in order to satisfy students. Such persistence and strictness ensure the healthy development of for-profit universities, and finally ensure their own interests and gain a school reputation.

Quickly respond to changes in the labor market, adjust majors according to demand, develop courses. It is highly sensitive to the job market, responsive to the changes in students' employment situation, actively adapt to the changes in the job market and make adjustments to education and teaching, find market demands at any time, and translate them into the curriculum. Constantly tracking technology, analysis of industry trends, looking for the opportunity of new courses, even hire experts research industry development, shortage of identifying market needs and preferences of potential students, according to the new signals, a new that appeared on the market demand, rapidly refine new teaching pointer, to guide the teaching activities, courses designed to meet needs.

For-profit colleges are all about demand, and the idea of "meeting employers' needs" has more impact on school decisions than keeping a specialty or program unique. Only offer majors that are in short supply and have high potential of future demand, so that the school-running activities are always consistent with the pulse of social demand. If the market demand of a certain industry has been saturated, it will be decisive to reduce or even cancel the field of courses. Projects by providing high demand, for-profit colleges to ensure a sustained growth in enrollment, through to the sober understanding and accurate grasp of market economic laws, ensure oneself in the position in job market, ensure the employer continued demand for graduates, thus ensuring constantly attract potential students, ensure to obtain the expected income of running.

Take the employment status of graduates as the main index to measure the achievement of running a school, and take the quality of teaching and the integrity of running a school as the fundamental guarantee for survival and development. Taking graduates' earning power as an important indicator to measure the educational value of for-profit colleges, by continuously focusing on educational goals, graduates' earning power, and social needs, it not only provides students with efficient and valuable degrees, but also enables them to obtain higher-paying jobs. To make a profit, higher education cannot avoid the business of buying and selling. In a for-profit university, an admissions institution is a typical sales organization. The admissions staff is composed of professional sales staff who use sales techniques to recruit students and guide potential students to make decisions during the whole process. At the same time, in the process of enrollment, strict supervision and definition of sales behavior, to ensure accurate information, avoid misleading, do not design a good trap to lure students to sign.

In addition, for-profit universities strictly follow the quality requirements of the market, so that the market can play the role of systematic inspection, and maintain good products and services. Products and services targeted at market demand are recognized by consumers, while those not targeted at the market are not recognized by consumers. The market is the junction between the providers and consumers of higher education. In order to maintain profitability, for-profit universities must strive to improve the quality and level of teaching to meet the requirements of the market.

Under the influence of the rapid development of Internet technology, for-profit universities in the United States seize this opportunity to establish network education system, vigorously develop internet-based distance education and carry out network teaching. Through mergers and acquisitions of other schools and educational institutions, the school scale is constantly expanded, and non-traditional teaching means are used to meet the needs of non-traditional college students for vocational skills and college degrees, so as to rapidly develop itself into a large for-profit education company.

Innovation is the fundamental feature of the thought of running schools of for-profit universities in the United States. They do not copy the running model of traditional non-profit universities and do not compete with traditional universities for the student market. They break through the traditional running framework, create new running models suitable for non-traditional students, develop new markets and fill the gap of traditional university education services. For working adults, minority students could not enter the traditional universities students characteristics, performance and requirements, create the suitable education mode, open admissions policy, set the course of simple and direct, with low fees, convenient students teaching arrangement, employment help attract students, through the student-centered education philosophy, extensive use of part-time teachers' personnel system and enterprise management mode innovation to win.

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决定英文论文写作质量的因素

很多留学生在刚到国外的时候，都曾立志要好好学习，但遭受挫折之后就一蹶不振了，而这个挫折就是英文论文写作了。虽然英文论文写作对于中国留学生来说会有难度，但却并非搞不定。要想写好英文论文，首先要知道决定英文论文写作质量的因素，下面就给大家讲解一下。

留学生要成为一个论文写作大神，首先要弄清楚各种文体的写作共性。一旦了解并掌握了共性，就具备了良好的写作能力，面对每一种文体的时候，才能够变通。

那么，英文论文写作中的共性又是什么呢？措辞、句子色彩和逻辑是写作的主要共性。这三个要素是决定写作质量的要素，如果上述这些方面安排合理，就能成就一篇高质量的文字。

英文论文写作“措辞”准确性

措辞就是在表达自己的意思的时候能够选择最恰当的词汇。如何做到这一点？首先一定要注意积累词汇，尤其积累并区分有微妙差别的词汇。这样做，一是避免用错词，二是能够根据语境选词，使文字具有冲击力，能够最准确地表达自己的意思。我们看看下面文字的措辞如何。

“Disrespect invites disrespect, violence incites violence. And when the powerful use their position to bully others, we all lose.”（译文：不敬会招致不敬，暴力会催生暴力，当强权人士用他们的地位去欺凌他人，我们都是失败者。）

这是梅丽尔·斯特里普（Meryl Streep）在2017年金球奖上的演讲稿，暗讽川普的移民政策，批评他羞辱记者的行为。“invite”一词是其中一个词义是“邀请”，另一个意思是“招致”。作者运用这个词很强烈地表达了川普的做法是“自取其辱”。同时，作者用了平行结构:“Disrespect invites disrespect, violence incites violence.”动词由invite（招致）切换成incite(激起)，前后平行使用两个意思相近的词，大大增加了语言的冲击力，同时又避免了重复用词，可谓是写作中措辞的经典。

英文中同义词和近义词很多，学习词汇的时候，如果不注意积累和分辨，用的时候就会不知所措。比如下面这些词，在用的时候，有注意过它们的细微差别吗？写作的时候又是否能用对？

can/may

continous/continual

healthy/healthful

practical/practicable

emigrate/immigrate

可以先把这些词的词义写出来，然后分别造句，然后和文末的答案对一下。

积累词汇

如何积累词汇？在阅读的时候要注意文章的作者用了哪些词，为什么要用这些词。同时，自己要把这些词记下来，建立一个同义词及近义词的词库。可以是电子文档，也可以是书写笔记。

盘活单词

背下来的单词无论多牢靠，始终是“库存”。如何“盘活”已经记下来的单词？最佳的方法是练习写作。可以是英文日记、邮件或者写一段读书心得或观影心得。如果你有facebook或twitter,也可以写一写。无论是多么简短的写作，都会磨练措辞能力。

在每天坚持用三言两语来写作的人里，美国现任总统川普算是“典范”了。虽然川普屡次被美国媒体和民众批评英文写作水平很烂，但人家一直坚持不懈地写twitter。照这么一直坚持写下去，写作水平不提高也难。

磨练措辞的能力

除了自己动手练习英文写作，另一个有效的方法是试着为别人修改文章。比如家长们可以为自己的孩子试着就他/她学校的作文提意见，在校的学生给同学修改作文。每一次看别人写的文字，你都可能对某个地方是否用词恰当有新的思考。经过这样不断的练习，我们对于英文写作中的措辞会越来越敏感，论文写作水平会在不知不觉中提高。

英文论文写作句子的色彩

这个问题的答案是肯定的。句子的色彩来自于句子的多样性。英文中有个说法“Variety is the spice of life”，直译成中文就是“多样化是生活的调味品”把这句话用来类比写作句式上的多样性也同样适用。我们知道英语的句子不外乎三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。如果在写作中一直使用这三种句型而没有任何其他变化，岂不太乏味？这样的文章阅读起来会给人枯燥的印象，好比一幅绘画，如果色彩只有灰和黑，就会很暗淡。如果加入一些变化，句子就会产生色彩，变得灵动和突出。来看看下面这个例子：

Aircrafts are constructed of aluminum typically and they are used for their strength, light weight and low cost.（飞行器通常由铝构造而成，因其力量大，重量轻且成本低而被人们使用。）

这是一个并列句，前后用and连接，虽然传达了信息，但整个句式中规中矩，无法突出色彩，也就不能吸引注意力。如果改成下面这个句式，就会有所不同。

Typically, aircrafts are constructed of aluminum, used for their strength, light weight and low cost.

Typically提到了句首，这个称为状语前置，就是把一个由副词，介词，现在分词或者动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。这样做的最大好处是让句子产生了一种长短结合的节奏感。同时，这句话把原句的“they are used for...”改成了“used for...”把并列句改为了一个简单句，原来的并列句成立修饰语，句子缩短，增加灵动的感觉。除了状语前置和分词状语，还有多种方法增加句子的色彩，比如倒装、强调、虚拟、被动、双重否定等。

英文论文写作是否逻辑恰当

就像我们日常说话需要逻辑一样，写作同样需要逻辑，否则，别人无法知道我们在讲些什么。

我们在写句子的时候，句子与句子之间是有逻辑关系的，这些关系包括因果关系、举例关系、类比关系、让步关系、假设关系、修饰关系和限定关系等。举几个例子：

1、Since we cannot experience everything all by ourselves, we also acquire knowledge by reading books, magazines and newspapers.(因果关系)

2、Similarly, students who have to cope with intense peer pressure may have a hard time concentrating on their academic subjects.(类比关系)

3、Despite many economists’ claim that the surge in real estate value could not last, investing in real estate was considered by the average Americans to be one of the safer choices that a family could make.(让步关系)

如何写出逻辑顺畅的句子？答案是学会使用以上各类逻辑关系的连接词。以因果关系为例，最常用连接词的如下表：

其他逻辑关系的连接词还有很多，大家需要熟练掌握它们，才能在进行英文写作的时候表达出自己的逻辑来。

以上就是决定英文论文写作质量的因素，同学们可以从这些方面去提升写作，相信总有一天能写好英文论文。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：The impact of the Internet on social interaction

本篇paper代写- The impact of the Internet on social interaction讨论了互联网对社交的影响。互联网改变了我们周围的生活，比如生活中的习惯。此外，互联网包括社交应用，如Twitter，微信和QQ，在沟通中发挥着重要的作用。事实上，互联网对社交能力有积极的影响。交际能力是社会生活中一项重要的社会技能。沟通的目标是在最后阶段相互理解，达到最终的目的。随着社会交往向互联网尤其是社会应用的转化，符号在网络交往过程中已不再是交际动词和词语。此外，符号是为大脑的思维训练的，它们在说话的过程中代表什么。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Internet has changed life around us such as habit in life. In addition, the internet includes the social applications such as Twitter, WeChat and QQ, play an important roles in the communication. Therefore, this article is dedicated to research on the internet and how it affects social skill brain.

In fact, the internet has a positive impact on the social skill brain. Communication skill is an important social skill in the social life. The target of the communication is preferred to understand each other and reach the final destination in the final stage. With the transformer of the communication from the social to internet especially on the social application, the symbol is instead of the communication verb and words in the progress of the online communication. In addition, the symbol is trained for the brain for the thinking, what they are standing for in the process of the talking.

Besides that, the internet talking is taking close to the distance around the world such as voice communication, video communication and other communication on the internet. Sometimes, the voice is combined with the typing the words, therefore, the brain can be trained in the process of the internet communication. Also, social skills are also included the body language so that the film could be acted in the process of the internet. In addition, Social skills can be through a variety of project/activity and the appropriate treatment strategy, research has yet to check use the art activity as the influence of the media to promote socio - the improvement of communicative skills. Smiley face, emoticons and emojis means emotional communication in the short cut. Smiley face and emoticons are largely synonym memos and describe online punctual standard question, the role of the board of directors. Colon is the most common, followed by a right parenthesis ¬ papers, or :), it is a smiling face counterclockwise 90°. Emojis can small pictures of the actual face, computer program, and many of today's tablet and smartphone to provide them as they are a standard feature. Emojis can preface for humans and animals, have no face, but heart, flower, fruit, or other items. Number of punctuation in early of the 1980 s, is to help prevent run online communication misunderstandings. Emojis also can be a fun and sparkling envelope online letters for you. A small picture may not be worth one thousand words, but it still can be a whimsical in addition to the sentence wrote. Also according to the SwiftKey study, one of the most popular all over the world emojis is generally happy face (44.8%), followed by the sad face (14.3%), heart (12.5%), and gestures (5.3%). Not too popular, but still is measurable mon¬keys, party, flowers, and the clock.

In summary, these symbols on the internet communication could enhance the development on the brains for the social skills. In addition, this communication symbol for the image which could be used for the online communications. As the consequence, the brain could be trained.

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Essay代写：The doping

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The doping，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了兴奋剂。从药物使用和反兴奋剂运动的历史来看，不难理解，尽管许多反兴奋剂组织、国家和研究人员都在努力寻找各种方法来检测体育比赛中使用兴奋剂的情况，但兴奋剂使用现象仍然存在。虽然医疗技术有了很大的改善，但执法仍然是一个巨大的问题，所以必须得用更实际的方法来控制药物的使用。

Doping has become one of the main focuses in competitive sports and it has become the obstacle in the development progress of competitive sports. This essay is going to study the current situation and history of drug use in sports. From the history and current situation of drug use, this essay will analyze the difficulties in anti-doping.

According to historical records, from the 300 BC, athletes of the ancient Olympic Games have drunken brandy, mixed drink wine, or edible mushrooms, to gain additional “power” so as to win the competition. Some athletes even mixed alkaloids with alcohol to make them exciting. However, at that time, this was not forbidden by law. In modern times, in order to win in games the practice of taking all kinds of drinks and supplements is still popular. In the 19th century, there are many records about game players doping and most of these had occurred before the first modern Olympic Games held in 1896. In 1865, in a swimming competition held in Amsterdam, the first report about athletes taking doping was reported. At that time, Europeans often held a kind of bicycle competition which would last for 144 hours, 6 days in total. This competition is energy consuming. It was reported that during the six days the Belgian players ate a kind of sugar which had been soaked in a special drug. Otherwise, in order to contend with them French athletes took caffeine tablets. While, British athletes inhaled pure oxygen and took strychnine, heroin and cocaine. In short, these athletes took all means to win. The secret of these bike athletes soon spread to the whole sports world. At the end of the 19th century, some boxing athletes usually had a drink before the game and took strychnine or other drugs.

The first death in sports related to athletes taking doping occurred in 1886. It was a British cyclist. He died of an overdose of drugs. The doping crisis affected the modern Olympic Games for the first time was happened in the 1904 Olympic Games in st. Louis. The American marathon runner Thomas Hicks took a large dose of strychnine mixed with egg white during the competition which gave rise to his falling down after crossing the finish line. In 1908 London Olympic Games, Italian marathon runner Dolan. Peter ran to the end point and collapsed to the ground because of taking strychnine. In the early days of the modern Olympic Games, the drugs taken are mostly the mixture of strychnine and alcohol. Till the World War II, Benzedrine replaced strychnine and became the option of athletes doping. Actually in the 1940s, not only the athletes taking Benzedrine, some countries in order to win in the war, gave soldiers Benzedrine so as to fight against their enemies. Even students, the night shift workers, truck drivers took it to cope with their sleepiness and tiredness. In the 1950s, the number of athletes taking doping increased sharply. In 1952, the winter Olympic Games was held in Oslo, Norway. It is the first time about Benzedrine doping incidents. Several speed skating athletes who had taken Benzedrine collapsed in the preliminaries.

In the history of Olympic Games, the famous “Benzedrine tragedy” finally happened. In the 1960 Rome Olympics, Danish cyclist, DE Jason died in road cycling race. It was reported that Jason had taking mixture of alcohol and Benzedrine before the competition. Jason’s death made international Olympic committee (IOC) determined to carry out the anti-doping movement. In 1961, the IOC Medical Commission was founded in Athens, Greece. In 1964, the Tokyo Olympic Games there was a terrible situation. The bathroom of athletes was full of ampoule and discarded syringes. In 1967, the British history’s most outstanding cyclist, the 1965 world champion Tommy Simpson died on the 13th day of the Tour de France. People in the pocket of his sportswear found Benzedrine. Simpson’s death shocked many people, however, the tragedy did not come to an end. The number of deaths due to the misuse of drugs was still growing. Under this situation, the international Olympic committee in1968, Grenoble Winter Olympic Games and Mexico Summer Olympic Games firstly officially implemented a doping test in all games. However, due to the deformation of the modern athletic sports development, the doping began to spread wildly all over the world. In 1972 Munich Olympics after the shooting, 13 out of the 17 athletes who ranked ahead’s doping test result is positive. Because the number of athletes using illegal drugs was too large the relevant parties did not dare to cancel these athletes’ qualification for the competition. Because of doping tests can easily tell whether athletes have taken the Benzedrine, till the early 1970 s, athletes’ using of drugs has been significantly reduced. But the athletes have never stopped trying all kinds of other drugs.

Since 1970s, blood doping which has been used for military purposes during the World War II has been used in big games. This was originally applied to athletes by a Swedish expert. Later this method became popular throughout the sports world of Europe. The so-called blood doping is that athletes draw some of the blood out of their bodies and preserve it. Before games they inject these blood back into their body. By doing this they can increase the number of red blood cells so that there will be more oxygen for muscles and can improve exercise capacity. After the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, blood doping aroused people’s attention. According to the United States Olympic committee, athletes in the Los Angeles Olympic cycling team at least 7 players had taken blood doping and four of them obtained medals. Soon after this, the international Olympic committee banned on the use of blood doping.

With the development of science and technology, drugs are also constantly changing for athletes want to win. In fact, many athletes in order to avoid inspection start to take anabolic steroids which cannot be detected at that time. This drug can increase the synthesis of protein, promote muscular and improve the strength and endurance. Because the accurate and reliable detection method has not been found, the international Olympic committee banned the use of anabolic steroids in 1975. In the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, a total of 11 athletes’ doping test result is positive, 8 of them taking anabolic steroids. After entering the 1990s, the international Olympic committee takes various measures to strengthen the anti-doping struggle and there is a drop in the number of athletes taking illicit drugs. Because anabolic steroids can not escape detection any more. In recent years, more and more athletes use HGH, a kind of growth hormone which will not be tested. Growth hormone can increase muscle size, thereby enhancing strength. It has become a substitute for anabolic steroids and all the sports events have athletes use this drug. Another banned drugs widely used is erythropoietin (EPO) for there is no accurate and reliable detective method to test it. It can increase hemoglobin levels so as to improve the effect of oxygen-carrying capacity. It is reported that due to the detection means lag behind, until 2000, the athletes widely take EPO. This situation has drawn concern of the international Olympic committee. Under the joint efforts of the international Olympic committee and international researchers, detective method of EPO has finally achieved breakthrough progress. While the new method has been put into use, scientists did not stop there, continuing to study the detective method in order to improve detective technology. On December 7th, 2000, for the first time, short course swimming in Melbourne fina competition had the EPO blood test. The application of the high and new technology and new breakthrough has not only confined to the Olympic games. In the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games, EPO blood test and urine test are combined. There were three skiing athletes were found taking drugs by the use of the second generation of EPO blood test. In 2009, French anti-doping agency uses the hair testing means to test if athletes use illegal drugs.

Conclusion

From the history of drug use and the anti-doping movement, it is easy to understand that although many anti-doping organizations, countries, researchers have try to find all kinds of measures to test the doping use during sports competitions, the phenomenon of doping taking still exists. On August 24, 2012, USADA strips Lance Armstrong of all Tour de France titles and bans him for life from competition. This may be the most influential case. And still on July 3, 2014, The NFL announces that Miami Dolphins defensive end Dion Jordan has been suspended from four 2014 season games for violating the league’s policy on performance-enhancing substances. Although the world anti-doping agency put forward a framework policy to prevent drug use and medical technology has been improved, law enforcement is still a huge problem. Richard L. Bengt (2008) thinks that a more practical way should be taken to control the use of drugs.

Reference

Bengt Kayser, Alexandre Mauron, Andy Miah. “Current anti-doping policy: a critical apprajsal”. BMC medical ethics, 2008,(8): 2.

CNN Library. 2014. “Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Fast Facts”. 25 Nov. 2014.

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