今日のことになるが、イスラエルの議会で超正統派ユダヤ教徒（Haredim）の人達に兵役を課す法案が可決された。
・Haredi conscription bill passes 67-1, as opposition boycotts vote（2014年3月12日 jpost.com）
色んな意味で頭を抱えたくなるこの話。
以下、2014年3月12日分 jpost.com『Haredi conscription bill～』から前半部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
The Knesset voted the coalition's haredi conscription plan into law Wednesday morning, with 67 in favor and one opposed.
The opposition boycotted the vote and the one negative vote came from Bayit Yehudi MK Yoni Chetboun, who lost his position on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and will be suspended from submitting bills for six weeks as punishment for his voting against the coalition.
"This is a historic, important bill," MK Ayelet Shaked (Bayit Yehudi), who led the Knesset committee to prepare the legislation, declared.
"For 65 years there was an exemption for all yeshiva students and the change the coalition made is proportionate and gradual and correct."
Shaked added that she "believes in the haredi public and that it will reach the [enlistment] goals the government set.
If there will be cooperation from haredi leadership, there will not be mandatory enlistment.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
超正統派～じゃないユダヤ系の人達にしてみれば、超正統派～の人達が兵役を免除されてるのは「既得権」でしかないんだろうな。
「俺達が血を流してるのに、なんであいつらが（略）」というノリで・・・。
また、この法案はイスラエルの抱える厄介な現実を示す形となった。
・With a near-empty plenum, Israel approves haredi draft（2014年3月12日 ynetnews.com）
以下、2014年3月12日分 ynetnews.com『With a near-empty plenum～』から中盤部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
MK Moshe Gafni (United Torah Judaism) slammed the passing of the bill, saying "The State of Israel has lost the right to be called a Jewish and democratic state today. The haredi public will not forgot and will not forgive Netanyahu and his partners for what they caused.
"This is a black day for the State and for the government, no yeshiva student will enlist, not today and not in the future," Gafni said.
The bill stipulates enlistment quotas for ultra-orthodox yeshiva (seminary) students, and imposes criminal sanctions on draft dodgers.
The bill was an election promise by Yesh Atid's Yair Lapid, whose party spearheaded the legislation.
It has enjoyed the support of religious-Zionist party Bayit Yehudi whose leader Naftali Bennett has expressed a desire to integrate haredim into the workforce and views IDF service as a facilitating such a move.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
繰り返しになるけど、イスラエルには世界各地で暮らしてたユダヤ系の人達を「シオニズム」やら「ユダヤ国家」の名の下に呼び寄せ強引に国家として成立・展開してきた、という側面があるわけで。
しかも、生活習慣（に加え経済力）やユダヤ教の解釈などが大きく異なると来れば、お互いの溝を埋めるのも大変だろうし・・・。
イスラエルで比較的少数派に属する超正統派～の人達にとっては、自分達の信条を守るのは結構厳しいといえる。
（イスラエルに住んでるパレスチナの人達やアジア・アフリカ出身の人達、キリスト教徒の人達などの態度については別問題）
一方、昨日、イスラエルの議会で妙な法案が可決された。
その1つは、総選挙で政党が議席を獲得するために必要な得票数割合の最低ラインを上げる、というもの・・・。
・Knesset passes Governance Act amid opposition boycott（2014年3月11日 ynetnews.com）
・Knesset raises threshold to four seats, putting Arab parties at risk of not entering parliament（2014年3月11日 972mag.com）
色んな意味で危険なにほひしかしないこの法案。
以下、2014年3月11日分 972mag.com『Knesset raises～』から中盤部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
The new law will mostly affect the three Palestinian parties, which usually win between 3-4 seats each.
Hadash, the joint Arab-Jewish party, currently has four seats; the same goes for the United Arab List (a unification of three parties, including the Islamic Ta’al party).
The secular Balad party, which currently has three seats, would not have made it into the Knesset under the new law.
Prior to the last elections, Knesset members banned Balad MK Hanin Zoabi from participating in the elections, a decision that was later overruled by the Supreme Court.
Kadima, an opposition party that has two seats in the current Knesset, would not have not made it in as well under the new legislation.
The law might benefit medium-size parties like Yair Lapid’s Yesh Atid, Shas and the settlers’ Jewish Home party, since they will not stand the risk of losing supporters to fringe parties, especially now that voters know that those factions are not likely to enter the Knesset.
In the last elections, the settlers lost two seats because of an unsuccessful run by the far-right Otzma Le’Yisrael party, while Shas took a hit due to attempts by Rabbi Amsalem and Rabbi Amnon Yitzhak to run on their own.
The new legislation is also likely to increase the influence of the financial elite and the mainstream media on the political system, as it will make it harder for smaller parties to launch guerrilla campaigns or win seats in the Knesset.
This will happen because more resources will be required to run a successful political campaign.
Supporters of the law claim that it will diminish the disproportional bargaining power of small factions while strengthening the government’s ability to execute its policies.
However, a closer examination of the political history shows that 2-4 person factions do not enjoy such powers at all, and that Palestinian parties, which will be hurt most by the change, have never been made part of the coalition, nor do have they ever received any special benefits (quite the opposite is true, in fact).
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
この法案を、与党側が賛成のはむべなるかな。
なんせ、この法案は合法的に（自分達にとって邪魔な）少数派政党を排除できるわけだし・・・。
今日可決された徴兵制に関する法案と、政党の議席獲得要件を厳しくする法案は、内容こそ異なるが「少数派の人達の意見は無視しても（下手したら存在自体を排除）構わない」という点で共通しているといえる。
ある意味、イスラエルの社会の流れを反映してるというか・・・。
・Haredi conscription bill passes 67-1, as opposition boycotts vote（2014年3月12日 jpost.com）
色んな意味で頭を抱えたくなるこの話。
以下、2014年3月12日分 jpost.com『Haredi conscription bill～』から前半部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
The Knesset voted the coalition's haredi conscription plan into law Wednesday morning, with 67 in favor and one opposed.
The opposition boycotted the vote and the one negative vote came from Bayit Yehudi MK Yoni Chetboun, who lost his position on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee and will be suspended from submitting bills for six weeks as punishment for his voting against the coalition.
"This is a historic, important bill," MK Ayelet Shaked (Bayit Yehudi), who led the Knesset committee to prepare the legislation, declared.
"For 65 years there was an exemption for all yeshiva students and the change the coalition made is proportionate and gradual and correct."
Shaked added that she "believes in the haredi public and that it will reach the [enlistment] goals the government set.
If there will be cooperation from haredi leadership, there will not be mandatory enlistment.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
超正統派～じゃないユダヤ系の人達にしてみれば、超正統派～の人達が兵役を免除されてるのは「既得権」でしかないんだろうな。
「俺達が血を流してるのに、なんであいつらが（略）」というノリで・・・。
また、この法案はイスラエルの抱える厄介な現実を示す形となった。
・With a near-empty plenum, Israel approves haredi draft（2014年3月12日 ynetnews.com）
以下、2014年3月12日分 ynetnews.com『With a near-empty plenum～』から中盤部分を（略
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
MK Moshe Gafni (United Torah Judaism) slammed the passing of the bill, saying "The State of Israel has lost the right to be called a Jewish and democratic state today. The haredi public will not forgot and will not forgive Netanyahu and his partners for what they caused.
"This is a black day for the State and for the government, no yeshiva student will enlist, not today and not in the future," Gafni said.
The bill stipulates enlistment quotas for ultra-orthodox yeshiva (seminary) students, and imposes criminal sanctions on draft dodgers.
The bill was an election promise by Yesh Atid's Yair Lapid, whose party spearheaded the legislation.
It has enjoyed the support of religious-Zionist party Bayit Yehudi whose leader Naftali Bennett has expressed a desire to integrate haredim into the workforce and views IDF service as a facilitating such a move.
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
繰り返しになるけど、イスラエルには世界各地で暮らしてたユダヤ系の人達を「シオニズム」やら「ユダヤ国家」の名の下に呼び寄せ強引に国家として成立・展開してきた、という側面があるわけで。
しかも、生活習慣（に加え経済力）やユダヤ教の解釈などが大きく異なると来れば、お互いの溝を埋めるのも大変だろうし・・・。
イスラエルで比較的少数派に属する超正統派～の人達にとっては、自分達の信条を守るのは結構厳しいといえる。
（イスラエルに住んでるパレスチナの人達やアジア・アフリカ出身の人達、キリスト教徒の人達などの態度については別問題）
一方、昨日、イスラエルの議会で妙な法案が可決された。
その1つは、総選挙で政党が議席を獲得するために必要な得票数割合の最低ラインを上げる、というもの・・・。
・Knesset passes Governance Act amid opposition boycott（2014年3月11日 ynetnews.com）
・Knesset raises threshold to four seats, putting Arab parties at risk of not entering parliament（2014年3月11日 972mag.com）
色んな意味で危険なにほひしかしないこの法案。
以下、2014年3月11日分 972mag.com『Knesset raises～』から中盤部分を（略）
---- 以下引用 ----
（中略）
The new law will mostly affect the three Palestinian parties, which usually win between 3-4 seats each.
Hadash, the joint Arab-Jewish party, currently has four seats; the same goes for the United Arab List (a unification of three parties, including the Islamic Ta’al party).
The secular Balad party, which currently has three seats, would not have made it into the Knesset under the new law.
Prior to the last elections, Knesset members banned Balad MK Hanin Zoabi from participating in the elections, a decision that was later overruled by the Supreme Court.
Kadima, an opposition party that has two seats in the current Knesset, would not have not made it in as well under the new legislation.
The law might benefit medium-size parties like Yair Lapid’s Yesh Atid, Shas and the settlers’ Jewish Home party, since they will not stand the risk of losing supporters to fringe parties, especially now that voters know that those factions are not likely to enter the Knesset.
In the last elections, the settlers lost two seats because of an unsuccessful run by the far-right Otzma Le’Yisrael party, while Shas took a hit due to attempts by Rabbi Amsalem and Rabbi Amnon Yitzhak to run on their own.
The new legislation is also likely to increase the influence of the financial elite and the mainstream media on the political system, as it will make it harder for smaller parties to launch guerrilla campaigns or win seats in the Knesset.
This will happen because more resources will be required to run a successful political campaign.
Supporters of the law claim that it will diminish the disproportional bargaining power of small factions while strengthening the government’s ability to execute its policies.
However, a closer examination of the political history shows that 2-4 person factions do not enjoy such powers at all, and that Palestinian parties, which will be hurt most by the change, have never been made part of the coalition, nor do have they ever received any special benefits (quite the opposite is true, in fact).
（以下略）
---- 引用以上 ----
この法案を、与党側が賛成のはむべなるかな。
なんせ、この法案は合法的に（自分達にとって邪魔な）少数派政党を排除できるわけだし・・・。
今日可決された徴兵制に関する法案と、政党の議席獲得要件を厳しくする法案は、内容こそ異なるが「少数派の人達の意見は無視しても（下手したら存在自体を排除）構わない」という点で共通しているといえる。
ある意味、イスラエルの社会の流れを反映してるというか・・・。
