朝日新聞
イラク戦争から２年、米の好感度回復せず １６カ国調査
2005年06月24日19時36分
イラク戦争から２年たっても、米国やブッシュ大統領の好感度は欧州やアジア各国で回復しておらず、欧州では外交・安保政策で米国からの自立を求める意見が強いことが米調査機関の世論調査でわかった。逆に中国は経済成長などで好感をもたれており、イスラム教徒が多い国では、米国に対する対抗軸として中国が米国並みの軍事大国になることを肯定的に見ている。
調査はワシントンにあるピュー・リサーチ・センターが今年４、５月に米国を含む世界１６カ国の約１万７０００人を対象に実施した。日本は対象に含まれていない。
欧米各国で米国に好感を持つ人は昨年３月（一部は一昨年）の前回調査と比べると、フランスで３７％から４３％へ、ドイツで３８％から４１％へとわずかに増えているが、英国では５８％から５５％へ、カナダでは６３％から５９％へと微減。いずれの国もイラク戦争前に比べるとまだ１３～２０ポイントも低い。
米国に好感を持たない回答者にその理由を「ブッシュ大統領」か「米国全般」か聞いたところ、欧米６カ国では「ブッシュ大統領」と答えた人が５～７割を占め、計１０カ国で「ブッシュ大統領」が「米国全般」を上回った。
イラクのフセイン元大統領が権力の座を追われて世界が安全になったと回答した人は米国の４９％とインドの４５％が最も高く、あとは軒並み４割を切った。
ただ、昨年末のスマトラ沖大地震とインド洋津波における米国の支援活動に対する評価は高い。インドネシアで７９％、インドで５４％と高く評価され、米国の好感度はインドネシアで２年前より２３ポイント、インドでは３年前より１７ポイント上がった。
欧米の外交・安保関係を緊密に保つかどうかを聞いたところ、欧州５カ国では「より自立するべきだ」と答えた人が５割を超えたのに対して、逆に米国では６６％が「緊密に保つべきだ」と答えており、すれ違いの状態になっている。
軍事的に米国が唯一の超大国である状態がいいか、欧州連合（ＥＵ）や中国などが対等の力を持った方がいいかを聞いたところ、米国を除くすべての国が「ライバル出現」を望んでおり、フランスでは８５％、インドで８１％、中国で７４％の高さだった。
一方、中国の好感度は１６カ国すべてで「好ましい」が「好ましくない」を上回った。ただ、中国が米国並みの軍事大国になることについては欧米各国は７～８割が「悪いこと」と答えているのに対し、イスラム教徒が多いパキスタンの７７％を筆頭に計５カ国で「良いこと」と答えた人の方が多かった。
新華社（英文）
China image scores better than US: poll
www.chinaview.cn 2005-06-24 08:06:18
イラク戦争から２年、米の好感度回復せず １６カ国調査
2005年06月24日19時36分
イラク戦争から２年たっても、米国やブッシュ大統領の好感度は欧州やアジア各国で回復しておらず、欧州では外交・安保政策で米国からの自立を求める意見が強いことが米調査機関の世論調査でわかった。逆に中国は経済成長などで好感をもたれており、イスラム教徒が多い国では、米国に対する対抗軸として中国が米国並みの軍事大国になることを肯定的に見ている。
調査はワシントンにあるピュー・リサーチ・センターが今年４、５月に米国を含む世界１６カ国の約１万７０００人を対象に実施した。日本は対象に含まれていない。
欧米各国で米国に好感を持つ人は昨年３月（一部は一昨年）の前回調査と比べると、フランスで３７％から４３％へ、ドイツで３８％から４１％へとわずかに増えているが、英国では５８％から５５％へ、カナダでは６３％から５９％へと微減。いずれの国もイラク戦争前に比べるとまだ１３～２０ポイントも低い。
米国に好感を持たない回答者にその理由を「ブッシュ大統領」か「米国全般」か聞いたところ、欧米６カ国では「ブッシュ大統領」と答えた人が５～７割を占め、計１０カ国で「ブッシュ大統領」が「米国全般」を上回った。
イラクのフセイン元大統領が権力の座を追われて世界が安全になったと回答した人は米国の４９％とインドの４５％が最も高く、あとは軒並み４割を切った。
ただ、昨年末のスマトラ沖大地震とインド洋津波における米国の支援活動に対する評価は高い。インドネシアで７９％、インドで５４％と高く評価され、米国の好感度はインドネシアで２年前より２３ポイント、インドでは３年前より１７ポイント上がった。
欧米の外交・安保関係を緊密に保つかどうかを聞いたところ、欧州５カ国では「より自立するべきだ」と答えた人が５割を超えたのに対して、逆に米国では６６％が「緊密に保つべきだ」と答えており、すれ違いの状態になっている。
軍事的に米国が唯一の超大国である状態がいいか、欧州連合（ＥＵ）や中国などが対等の力を持った方がいいかを聞いたところ、米国を除くすべての国が「ライバル出現」を望んでおり、フランスでは８５％、インドで８１％、中国で７４％の高さだった。
一方、中国の好感度は１６カ国すべてで「好ましい」が「好ましくない」を上回った。ただ、中国が米国並みの軍事大国になることについては欧米各国は７～８割が「悪いこと」と答えているのに対し、イスラム教徒が多いパキスタンの７７％を筆頭に計５カ国で「良いこと」と答えた人の方が多かった。
新華社（英文）
China image scores better than US: poll
www.chinaview.cn 2005-06-24 08:06:18
BEIJING, June 24 -- The United States' image is so tattered overseas two years after the Iraq invasion that China is viewed more favorably than the U.S. in western countries, an international poll found.
Eleven of the 16 countries surveyed by the Pew Research Center — Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Russia, Turkey, Pakistan, Lebanon, Jordan and Indonesia — had a more favorable view of China than the U.S.
India and Poland were more upbeat about the U.S., while Canadians are as likely to see China favorably as they were the United States.
The poll, which was released Thursday, found suspicion and wariness of the United States in many countries where people question the war in Iraq and are growing wary of the U.S.-led war on terror.
"The Iraq war has left an enduring impression on the minds of people around the world in ways that make them very suspicious of U.S. intentions and makes the effort to win hearts and minds far more difficult," said Shibley Telhami, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
The overseas image of the United States slipped sharply after the Iraq invasion in 2003, the Pew polling found, and it has not rebounded in Western European countries like Britain, France, Germany and Spain. The U.S. image remains relatively poor in Muslim countries like Jordan and Pakistan, but has bounced back in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country which benefited from U.S. aid to tsunami victims, as well as in India and Russia.
Support for the U.S.-led war on terror has dipped in European countries like Britain, France, Germany, Canada and Spain, while it remains low in the Muslim countries surveyed like Pakistan, Turkey and Jordan.
"There is a general recognition that terrorism is a terrible problem that strikes home in countries all over the world," said John Danforth, the former Republican senator from Missouri who also was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.
"The position of the United States as the one surviving superpower is to be assertive in responding in a world of terrorism. But in the rest of the world, there is a great wariness about that," said Danforth, now a St. Louis attorney.
The survey found that a majority in most countries say the United States doesn't take the interests of other countries into account when making international policy decisions. It also found most would like to see another country get as much military power as the United States. People in most countries were more inclined to say the war in Iraq has made the world a more dangerous place.
People in other countries who had unfavorable views of the United States were most likely to cite Bush as the reason rather than a general problem with America.
Madeleine Albright, the secretary of state when Bill Clinton was president, said big majorities of the public in these countries are discontented with Bush "and say Bush's re-election has made them view the United States less favorably."
The polls were taken in various countries from late April to the end of May with samples of about 1,000 in most countries, with more interviews in India and China and slightly less than 1,000 in the European countries. The margin of sampling error ranged from 2 percentage points to 4 percentage points, depending on the sample size. (Source: China Daily/Agencies)
Eleven of the 16 countries surveyed by the Pew Research Center — Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Russia, Turkey, Pakistan, Lebanon, Jordan and Indonesia — had a more favorable view of China than the U.S.
India and Poland were more upbeat about the U.S., while Canadians are as likely to see China favorably as they were the United States.
The poll, which was released Thursday, found suspicion and wariness of the United States in many countries where people question the war in Iraq and are growing wary of the U.S.-led war on terror.
"The Iraq war has left an enduring impression on the minds of people around the world in ways that make them very suspicious of U.S. intentions and makes the effort to win hearts and minds far more difficult," said Shibley Telhami, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
The overseas image of the United States slipped sharply after the Iraq invasion in 2003, the Pew polling found, and it has not rebounded in Western European countries like Britain, France, Germany and Spain. The U.S. image remains relatively poor in Muslim countries like Jordan and Pakistan, but has bounced back in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country which benefited from U.S. aid to tsunami victims, as well as in India and Russia.
Support for the U.S.-led war on terror has dipped in European countries like Britain, France, Germany, Canada and Spain, while it remains low in the Muslim countries surveyed like Pakistan, Turkey and Jordan.
"There is a general recognition that terrorism is a terrible problem that strikes home in countries all over the world," said John Danforth, the former Republican senator from Missouri who also was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.
"The position of the United States as the one surviving superpower is to be assertive in responding in a world of terrorism. But in the rest of the world, there is a great wariness about that," said Danforth, now a St. Louis attorney.
The survey found that a majority in most countries say the United States doesn't take the interests of other countries into account when making international policy decisions. It also found most would like to see another country get as much military power as the United States. People in most countries were more inclined to say the war in Iraq has made the world a more dangerous place.
People in other countries who had unfavorable views of the United States were most likely to cite Bush as the reason rather than a general problem with America.
Madeleine Albright, the secretary of state when Bill Clinton was president, said big majorities of the public in these countries are discontented with Bush "and say Bush's re-election has made them view the United States less favorably."
The polls were taken in various countries from late April to the end of May with samples of about 1,000 in most countries, with more interviews in India and China and slightly less than 1,000 in the European countries. The margin of sampling error ranged from 2 percentage points to 4 percentage points, depending on the sample size. (Source: China Daily/Agencies)
