ブルーノ・シャレイロン・クリラッド（CRIIRAD）研究所長 2011.6.1
Picture Cutout Guideを使用
Picture Cutout Guideを使用
被災者が殺到し開始３０分で約２時間待ちになった東電の相談窓口＝福島市で２０１１年９月２０日午前１０時４分、河津啓介撮影
http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0912/TKY201109120029.html
より転記
賠償についての電話相談は、福島原子力補償相談室補償相談センター（０１２０・９２６・４０４、午前９時～午後９時）で受け付ける。センターでは、約２００人の担当者が１日平均１２００件の苦情や相談に応対しているという。
http://mainichi.jp/select/weathernews/news/20110920dde041040006000c.html
より転記
東日本大震災：福島第１原発事故 賠償請求に案内書１６０ページ、記入用紙６０ページ
お勧め
akedanet.com/2011/09/post_651b.html
http://www.nikkei.com/news/headline/article/g=96958A9C93819481E0E3E2E09D8DE0E3E2EBE0E2E3E39797E3E2E2E2
より
東電、福島第１の汚染水処理先送り 収束計画に影響も
地下水が流入
2011/9/21 21:32
http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201109170476.html?ref=twitter
より
東京電力が企業年金の減額を検討するのは、原発事故の賠償で政府支援などを受けるにあたり、合理化に取り組む姿勢を示すためだ。減額は日本航空でも実施されるなど経営再建の一手となっているが、減額を巡る訴訟が相次ぐなどしており、ハードルは高い。
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/parisienne75/20110606
より
質問者ーーチェルノブイリが黒海を汚染した以上に、福島が太平洋を汚染している、という話があったが。
「信頼できる海洋科学研究所ウッズ・ホールがそう見積った。この研究所は、チェルノブイリの10倍の海洋汚染があると言っている。福島はまだ終わっていない。放射性物質を吐き出している。小魚には基準値以上がもう検出されているが、これらは大きな魚に食べられて、大型魚での汚染がすすむ。海藻はヨウ素だけでなく、セシウムもためることがわかっている。前に海藻はもう大丈夫、と言ったのは間違いだ。」
「福島原発の浄化には300-500億ドルかかる。通常は10億ドル程度だが、核燃料が溶融しているので、だれもコストを計算したことがない未知の事態だ。これは東電が支払える額ではないので、国の肩にかかってくる。内陸部の除染には、1000億ドル以上かかるだろう。」
『El motiivo（動機）』
Mina que fue en otro tiempo
過ぎたあの時代には、ミーナは
la mas papa milonguera
稀な美貌のミロンゲーラ
y en esas noches tangueras
あの夜毎のタンゴ沙汰で
fue la reina del festin.
パティーの女王
Hoy no tiene pa ponerse
今日、身を寄せる場もなく
ni zapatos ni vestidos,
ドレスも無く、靴もなし、
anda enferma y el amigo
患いのみ、それに男達は
no aporto para el bulin.
逢引室にも姿みせず
Ya no tienen sus ojazos
それに、大きな瞳には
esos fuertes resplandores
その力ある煌めきもなく
y en su cara los colores
それに顔いろに
se le ven palidecsr.
浮かぶ蒼白さ
Esta en ferma,sufre y llora
病に倒れ、泣き、苦しみ
y manya con sentimiento
悲しみの上理解した．．．
de que asi,enferma y sin vento
こうして、病で銭もなし
mas nadie la va a querer.
誰人よりも恋焦がれ泣く．．．
Pobre paica que ha tenido
哀れな女は抱きつつ
a la gente rechiflada
人々を蔑みの
y supo con la Mirada
知り尽くし、まなざしで
conquistar una passion,
情熱を征服、
Hoy no tine quien se arrime
今日、誰人も寄り添うもの無く
por carino a su catrera.
寝床を慈愛ゆえ
Pobre paica arrabalera
可哀想な女、見捨てられて
que quedo sin Corazon！
心も失うありさまを！
Y cuando de los bandoneones
そしてバンドネオンが
se oyen las notas de un tango,
タンゴの旋律をかなでる、
pobre florecita de fango
哀れな泥濘の花
se siente en su alma vibrar
あんたの魂は打ち振るえ
las nostalgias de otro tiempos
あの過ぎしときに郷愁ゆえ
de placers y de amores,
愛と快楽、
hoy solo son sinsabores
今、ただ味も無く
que la invitan a llorar!
咽き泣きの誘惑のみ！
曲が聞けます（歌付き）
http://www.todotango.com/Spanish/las_obras/Tema.aspx?id=58x6vNjAVUU=
http://www.tangomalaysia.com/pages/tangoinfo/tangoterms.htm
より
Tango Terms and Etymology
A language - and therefore it's terms - is a living, growing, evolving phenomenon.
abrazo
embrace (as in dance hold)
amague
from amagar. To make a threatening motions. An amague is used as an embellishment either led or done on one's own and may be used before taking a step. An example of an amague may be a beat (frappe) before taking a step.
barrida
barrida: sweep. A sweeping motion. One partner's foot sweeps the other's foot. Also called llevada.
barrio
a district, neighborhood.
boleo
from bolear. To throw. A boleo may be executed either high or low. Keeping knees together, with one leg in back, swivel on the supporting leg.
caminar
to walk. The walk is similar to a natural walking step but the ball of the foot touches before the heel. The body and leg must move as a unit so that the body is in balance. Walks should be practiced for balance and fluidity.
corte
cut. In tango corte means cutting the music either by syncopating or holding several beats.
cruzada
cross. A cruzada occurs anytime a foot is crossed in front or in back of the other. desplazamiento: displacement. Displacing the partner's foot or leg using one's leg or foot. dibujo: drawing, sketch. A dibujo is done by drawing circles or other small movements on the floor with one's toe.
enganche
hooking, coupling. Occurs when partner wraps leg around the other's leg.
enrosque
from enroscar. To coil, twist. While woman executes a molinete, man spins on one foot, hooking other foot behind the spinning foot.
giro
turn. While woman does molinete, man turns on one foot placing the toe of the foot in front and executing a sharp turn.
llevada
from llevar. To transport (see barrida).
media vuelta
half turn. Usually done when man's right foot and woman's left foot are free. Man steps forward with his right leading woman to take a back step with her left and then leads he to take two steps while turning a half turn.
milonga
may refer to music or the dance which preceded the tango, written in 2/4 time; or may refer to the dance salon or event where people go to dance tango (see below). milongueros: refers to those frequenting the milongas and considered tango fanatics.
molinete
molinete: fan. Molinetes are forward and back ochos (figure 8's) done in a circle. ocho: eight. Figure eights usually executed with feet together (ankles touching) instead of one foot extended.
ocho atras
ochos backward
pista
dance floor.
salida
Exit, or start. It's interesting that the word for the basic step (a place to start) should be a way to get out of a figure as well.
salida cruzada
the beginning of a pattern with a cross; i.e. side left crossing right foot behind left, or side right crossing left foot behind right.
sandwichito
One partner's foot is sandwiched between the other partner's feet. sentada: a sitting action.
sacada
see desplazamiento (don't you love glossaries that do that?).
trabada
fastened. It is a lock step - the step that the woman takes when man steps outside with his right foot and then straight forward left, together right. At this point the woman crosses and this cross is referred to as trabada
Milonga
Milonga Milonga, according to Jose Gobelo (founder of Academia del lunfardo, considered to be an authority when it comes to Tango subjects), states that it is a word of the African Language "Quimbunda", plural of 'Mulonga'. Mulonga in that language means, "word"; Milonga means words, the words of the Payadores. In 1872 when Jose Hernandez published his most famous book "Martin Fierro" (describes in verse the life of a gaucho); the word Milonga had already acquired the meaning of gathering where one can dance. A decade later, 1883, Ventura Lynch wrote: "In the periphery of the city the Milonga is so generalized that is danced in all the gatherings, it can be heard played by guitars, accordions, comb and paper, or played by street musicians with flute, harp and violin". It is also danced in the low-class casinos around the markets of 11 de Septiembre and Constitución, other dances and funerals".
Today, Milonga has several meanings: a music, a dance, the place or gathering where one dances and also the original meaning (many words, or long story), such as in "no me vengas ahora con esa milonga", (do not start now with all that jazz).
Tango
There is no agreement as to the etymology of this word. When it comes to the pre-history of tango everything is shrouded in a dense fog.
The word tango appeared much earlier than the dance. It first appeared outside Argentina, in one of the Canary Islands (Isla de Hierro) and in other parts of America with the meaning of "gathering of blacks to dance to drum music; also the name the Africans gave the drum itself". The dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy of Letters, 1899 edition, defines Tango as "Fiesta and dance of Negroes or "gente del pueblo" (those that belong to lower socio-economical class) in America"; also a second meaning: "Music for that dance". Here one has to remember that to the Spanish world, America is the whole continent - not just the USA; in this case it refers to the Spanish part of America, excluding USA and Canada.
Here the dictionary gives the doubtful etymology of Latin 'tangir' (to play instruments). Latin ergo tango = I play. It is only natural to try to find a Latin origin to the word, although this etymological line obviously is not related to the Argentinean meaning. The 1914 edition gives the etymology tangir or tangere "to play or to touch". Later editions removed that etymological reference.
The music historian Carlos Vega explains that in Mexico, a dance called tango existed in the 18th century. This dance was done individually or apart, not as a couple. Archives of the Holy Inquisition in Mexico make reference to the "ancient tango" - a mexican song - in 1803.
The Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, edition 1925 defines Tango as before, but without the latin etymology and added: "Dance of high society imported from America at the beginning of this century". Once more Tango traveled all the way from "low-class" to "high-class." It includes two more meaning: "music for this dance" and also "Drum of Honduras". It is only in the 1984 edition that tango is defined as an Argentinean dance.
*It seems that the African origin of the word Tango is accepted by they largest number of erudite investigators. Ricardo Rodriguez reviewed the languages spoken by the slaves brought to Argentina ... tribes from the Congo, the Gulf of Guinea and Southern Sudan. Tango means "closed space," "circle," "any private space to which one must ask permission to enter". The slave traders called Tango the places where black slaves where kept, in Africa as well as in America. The place where slaves where sold also received that name. We could discuss this in more detail but ... I am afraid to bore you with so much detail.
In summary, the most probable origin of the word tango is: closed space where negroes gather to dance; later on the dance itself.
Lunfardo
The same way as lawyers, doctors, physicists, chemists, etc. have their peculiar language and terminology, thieves needed a language that was cryptic, secretive enough to speak among themselves and at the same time was unintelligible for the police or the possible victim of their actions. A language to be used in prison that could not be understood by the guards.
This originated terms and expressions that formed a new language, that of thieves and jail inmates. The secret tongue of "lunfardos", term used by thieves to refer to themselves. In this way watch became "bobo" (dumb-stupid) due to two characteristics, it is very easy to steal and it works all day long non-stop. Lunfardo is rich in Italian dialectal terms and also French words.
The first manifestations of this language appeared in Buenos Aires around 1880 ( police and newspapers archives).
This new terminology invaded the familiar language of the conventillos dwellers and very slowly the language of men (it was not used at home or by women), finally became something characteristic of being Porteño and Argentine. It was spread by theater in its "Sainetes", a peculiar genre that depicts life in conventillos; it was used by poets; but the greatest means of diffusion was not literature but its use in Tango Lyrics.
Mina que fue en otro tiempo
過ぎたあの時代には、ミーナは
la mas papa milonguera
稀な美貌のミロンゲーラ
y en esas noches tangueras
あの夜毎のタンゴ沙汰で
fue la reina del festin.
パティーの女王
Hoy no tiene pa ponerse
今日、身を寄せる場もなく
ni zapatos ni vestidos,
ドレスも無く、靴もなし、
anda enferma y el amigo
患いのみ、それに男達は
no aporto para el bulin.
逢引室にも姿みせず
Ya no tienen sus ojazos
それに、大きな瞳には
esos fuertes resplandores
その力ある煌めきもなく
y en su cara los colores
それに顔いろに
se le ven palidecsr.
浮かぶ蒼白さ
Esta en ferma,sufre y llora
病に倒れ、泣き、苦しみ
y manya con sentimiento
悲しみの上理解した．．．
de que asi,enferma y sin vento
こうして、病で銭もなし
mas nadie la va a querer.
誰人よりも恋焦がれ泣く．．．
Pobre paica que ha tenido
哀れな女は抱きつつ
a la gente rechiflada
人々を蔑みの
y supo con la Mirada
知り尽くし、まなざしで
conquistar una passion,
情熱を征服、
Hoy no tine quien se arrime
今日、誰人も寄り添うもの無く
por carino a su catrera.
寝床を慈愛ゆえ
Pobre paica arrabalera
可哀想な女、見捨てられて
que quedo sin Corazon！
心も失うありさまを！
Y cuando de los bandoneones
そしてバンドネオンが
se oyen las notas de un tango,
タンゴの旋律をかなでる、
pobre florecita de fango
哀れな泥濘の花
se siente en su alma vibrar
あんたの魂は打ち振るえ
las nostalgias de otro tiempos
あの過ぎしときに郷愁ゆえ
de placers y de amores,
愛と快楽、
hoy solo son sinsabores
今、ただ味も無く
que la invitan a llorar!
咽き泣きの誘惑のみ！
曲が聞けます（歌付き）
http://www.todotango.com/Spanish/las_obras/Tema.aspx?id=58x6vNjAVUU=
http://www.tangomalaysia.com/pages/tangoinfo/tangoterms.htm
より
Tango Terms and Etymology
A language - and therefore it's terms - is a living, growing, evolving phenomenon.
abrazo
embrace (as in dance hold)
amague
from amagar. To make a threatening motions. An amague is used as an embellishment either led or done on one's own and may be used before taking a step. An example of an amague may be a beat (frappe) before taking a step.
barrida
barrida: sweep. A sweeping motion. One partner's foot sweeps the other's foot. Also called llevada.
barrio
a district, neighborhood.
boleo
from bolear. To throw. A boleo may be executed either high or low. Keeping knees together, with one leg in back, swivel on the supporting leg.
caminar
to walk. The walk is similar to a natural walking step but the ball of the foot touches before the heel. The body and leg must move as a unit so that the body is in balance. Walks should be practiced for balance and fluidity.
corte
cut. In tango corte means cutting the music either by syncopating or holding several beats.
cruzada
cross. A cruzada occurs anytime a foot is crossed in front or in back of the other. desplazamiento: displacement. Displacing the partner's foot or leg using one's leg or foot. dibujo: drawing, sketch. A dibujo is done by drawing circles or other small movements on the floor with one's toe.
enganche
hooking, coupling. Occurs when partner wraps leg around the other's leg.
enrosque
from enroscar. To coil, twist. While woman executes a molinete, man spins on one foot, hooking other foot behind the spinning foot.
giro
turn. While woman does molinete, man turns on one foot placing the toe of the foot in front and executing a sharp turn.
llevada
from llevar. To transport (see barrida).
media vuelta
half turn. Usually done when man's right foot and woman's left foot are free. Man steps forward with his right leading woman to take a back step with her left and then leads he to take two steps while turning a half turn.
milonga
may refer to music or the dance which preceded the tango, written in 2/4 time; or may refer to the dance salon or event where people go to dance tango (see below). milongueros: refers to those frequenting the milongas and considered tango fanatics.
molinete
molinete: fan. Molinetes are forward and back ochos (figure 8's) done in a circle. ocho: eight. Figure eights usually executed with feet together (ankles touching) instead of one foot extended.
ocho atras
ochos backward
pista
dance floor.
salida
Exit, or start. It's interesting that the word for the basic step (a place to start) should be a way to get out of a figure as well.
salida cruzada
the beginning of a pattern with a cross; i.e. side left crossing right foot behind left, or side right crossing left foot behind right.
sandwichito
One partner's foot is sandwiched between the other partner's feet. sentada: a sitting action.
sacada
see desplazamiento (don't you love glossaries that do that?).
trabada
fastened. It is a lock step - the step that the woman takes when man steps outside with his right foot and then straight forward left, together right. At this point the woman crosses and this cross is referred to as trabada
Milonga
Milonga Milonga, according to Jose Gobelo (founder of Academia del lunfardo, considered to be an authority when it comes to Tango subjects), states that it is a word of the African Language "Quimbunda", plural of 'Mulonga'. Mulonga in that language means, "word"; Milonga means words, the words of the Payadores. In 1872 when Jose Hernandez published his most famous book "Martin Fierro" (describes in verse the life of a gaucho); the word Milonga had already acquired the meaning of gathering where one can dance. A decade later, 1883, Ventura Lynch wrote: "In the periphery of the city the Milonga is so generalized that is danced in all the gatherings, it can be heard played by guitars, accordions, comb and paper, or played by street musicians with flute, harp and violin". It is also danced in the low-class casinos around the markets of 11 de Septiembre and Constitución, other dances and funerals".
Today, Milonga has several meanings: a music, a dance, the place or gathering where one dances and also the original meaning (many words, or long story), such as in "no me vengas ahora con esa milonga", (do not start now with all that jazz).
Tango
There is no agreement as to the etymology of this word. When it comes to the pre-history of tango everything is shrouded in a dense fog.
The word tango appeared much earlier than the dance. It first appeared outside Argentina, in one of the Canary Islands (Isla de Hierro) and in other parts of America with the meaning of "gathering of blacks to dance to drum music; also the name the Africans gave the drum itself". The dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy of Letters, 1899 edition, defines Tango as "Fiesta and dance of Negroes or "gente del pueblo" (those that belong to lower socio-economical class) in America"; also a second meaning: "Music for that dance". Here one has to remember that to the Spanish world, America is the whole continent - not just the USA; in this case it refers to the Spanish part of America, excluding USA and Canada.
Here the dictionary gives the doubtful etymology of Latin 'tangir' (to play instruments). Latin ergo tango = I play. It is only natural to try to find a Latin origin to the word, although this etymological line obviously is not related to the Argentinean meaning. The 1914 edition gives the etymology tangir or tangere "to play or to touch". Later editions removed that etymological reference.
The music historian Carlos Vega explains that in Mexico, a dance called tango existed in the 18th century. This dance was done individually or apart, not as a couple. Archives of the Holy Inquisition in Mexico make reference to the "ancient tango" - a mexican song - in 1803.
The Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, edition 1925 defines Tango as before, but without the latin etymology and added: "Dance of high society imported from America at the beginning of this century". Once more Tango traveled all the way from "low-class" to "high-class." It includes two more meaning: "music for this dance" and also "Drum of Honduras". It is only in the 1984 edition that tango is defined as an Argentinean dance.
*It seems that the African origin of the word Tango is accepted by they largest number of erudite investigators. Ricardo Rodriguez reviewed the languages spoken by the slaves brought to Argentina ... tribes from the Congo, the Gulf of Guinea and Southern Sudan. Tango means "closed space," "circle," "any private space to which one must ask permission to enter". The slave traders called Tango the places where black slaves where kept, in Africa as well as in America. The place where slaves where sold also received that name. We could discuss this in more detail but ... I am afraid to bore you with so much detail.
In summary, the most probable origin of the word tango is: closed space where negroes gather to dance; later on the dance itself.
Lunfardo
The same way as lawyers, doctors, physicists, chemists, etc. have their peculiar language and terminology, thieves needed a language that was cryptic, secretive enough to speak among themselves and at the same time was unintelligible for the police or the possible victim of their actions. A language to be used in prison that could not be understood by the guards.
This originated terms and expressions that formed a new language, that of thieves and jail inmates. The secret tongue of "lunfardos", term used by thieves to refer to themselves. In this way watch became "bobo" (dumb-stupid) due to two characteristics, it is very easy to steal and it works all day long non-stop. Lunfardo is rich in Italian dialectal terms and also French words.
The first manifestations of this language appeared in Buenos Aires around 1880 ( police and newspapers archives).
This new terminology invaded the familiar language of the conventillos dwellers and very slowly the language of men (it was not used at home or by women), finally became something characteristic of being Porteño and Argentine. It was spread by theater in its "Sainetes", a peculiar genre that depicts life in conventillos; it was used by poets; but the greatest means of diffusion was not literature but its use in Tango Lyrics.