Storage tanks

Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for the short- or long-term storage of heat or cold.The term can be used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), and for manufactured containers. The usage of the word tank for reservoirs is uncommon in American English but is moderately common in British English. In other countries, the term tends to refer only to artificial containers.

In the USA, storage tanks operate under no (or very little) pressure, distinguishing them from pressure vessels. Storage tanks are often cylindrical in shape, perpendicular to the ground with flat bottoms, and a fixed or floating roof. There are usually many environmental regulations applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on the nature of the fluid contained within. Above ground storage tanks (AST) differ from underground (UST) storage tanks in the kinds of regulations that are applied.

Reservoirs can be covered, in which case they may be called covered or underground storage tanks or reservoirs. Covered water tanks are common in urban areas.

Storage tanks are available in many shapes: vertical and horizontal cylindrical; open top and closed top; flat bottom, cone bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom. Large tanks tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded corners transition from vertical side wall to bottom profile, to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced pressure of contained liquid. Most metal tanks for handling liquids during transportation are designed to handle varying degrees of pressure.

A large storage tank is sometimes mounted on a lorry (truck) or on an articulated lorry trailer, which is then called a tanker.

Gujarat becomes first state to distribute 2 crore LED bulbs

Gujarat has become the first state to distribute 2 crore LED bulbs under the Centre's Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all (UJALA) scheme.

"Under the Government of India's Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all scheme, Gujarat has become the first state to distribute 2 crore LED bulbs," the Power Ministry said in a release.

According to the statement, Gujarat has reached this milestone in just 96 days and over 42 lakh households have already benefited from the scheme.

State-run Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), under the administration of the Power Ministry, is distributing about 2 lakh bulbs daily in Gujarat, a record in itself.

In his speech in Jamnagar today, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "There is competition between states to outdo each other in terms of LED distribution. Gujarat, in less than 100 days (of joining), is now leading in terms of LED distribution across the nation."

The distribution of 2 crore LED bulbs has led to an annual energy savings of 259 crore kwh, which is equivalent to lighting up 5 lakh Indian homes for an entire year.

Alongside the savings, the state has also gained from daily CO2 emission reduction of 5,000 tonnes. The programme has helped the state avoid 520 mw of peak demand.

In Gujarat, 9w LED bulbs are being distributed under the UJALA scheme. These energy-efficient bulbs come with a free 3 year replacement warranty for any technical defect.

To get such bulbs, consumers have an option of paying upfront Rs 70 per each unit or they can choose an EMI option.

Consumers choosing the EMI mode will have to pay Rs 75 in total where an amount of nearly Rs 20 per LED candle light will be added to their bi-monthly electricity bill for four billing cycles.

Consumers stand to save nearly Rs 336 per LED bulb on their electricity bills every year, effectively making them free in just 3 months.

The state government aims to distribute 12 crore LED bulbs across the state. This would lead to energy savings of nearly 650 crore kwh (units) and cost savings of about Rs 2,500 crore.

Under UJALA, over 15 crore LED bulbs have already been distributed across India. This is leading to annual energy savings of 1948 crore kwh and has led to avoidance of 3,900 mw of peak demand. Through the programme, the estimated cumulative cost reduction in bills of consumers annually is Rs 7,990 crore.

Design Considerations

The first step in designing a package is to determine its function and role in the marketing process. But there are other factors, such as the need to integrate with a particular manufacturing process, that should be considered as well. The more information that is provided to a thermoforming machine, the more accurate the design recommendation and cost estimate will be.

Material Selection

A wide variety of thermoplastics and specialty polymers are available to meet specific application needs. Some of the more popular ones include:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PETG)

Polypropylene (PP)

High-impact polystyrene (HIPS)

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Material selection is affected by several variables, including clarity (clear or opaque), impact resistance, sealing techniques, operating and environmental temperatures, exposure to contaminants, budgetary constraints and end use. Ship- ping is also a consideration. An especial- ly durable material may be required if rough handling or extreme temperatures are anticipated during shipping. If the package is to be shipped empty, special features, such as denesting lugs, can be included in the design to facilitate handling and loading.

What is a Paper Machine?

A paper machine is used to manufacture paper. Modern paper machines are based on the Fourdrinier machine, developed by Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier in the early 1800s. The design is based on a machine invented in 1798 by Louis Robert, though Fourdrinier machines are significantly more complex. Little has changed in paper machines since their initial development. Most paper machines are comprised of four sections, which may be all in one piece of equipment or separated out into a few smaller machines.

This first section of the machine is called the wet end. Different configurations in this section of the machine are used to create papers of different grades. In the wet end, a slurry of wood pulp and water is delivered to the machine. The pulp, which is comprised of up to 99% water, is laid out against a screen in order to align the fibers in the same direction as the tissue machine; fillers and colors can be mixed in with the pulp in this stage of paper making as well.

 

In the next section of the paper machine, the paper moves to the press section, which is made up of two or more presses. The paper, which is still wet, is transferred from the screen to a felt, which can be made of different materials to give the paper different textures. The purpose of this section is to remove the water from the pulp by pressing the paper between rollers. While removing excess water, the presses shape the paper into flat sheets that can later be cut by another machine. At the end of this stage, the paper can still have as much as 65% water.

The third section of the paper machine, known as the drier section, reduces the water content of the paper to about 5%. In this section, the paper is passed through steam heated rollers. Usually, there are two or more sets of these rollers, which are tiered in order to press the paper through a tighter space each time. Starch, resin and glue may also be added to the paper at this time to help make the paper more resistant to water and to improve its printability.

The final section of a paper machine is known as a calendar section. Here, the paper is smoothed and pressed to a more uniform thickness. The amount of pressure applied to the paper at this point will determine the finish on the paper.

How wall inkjet printer works

American Mural offers a state of the art way to print wall murals using specially developed and patented direct to wall printing technology. We do not create ordinary murals to decorate your walls. American Mural has created a new wall art mural solution for customers. Our specially designed and manufactured direct to wall printer can print any digital image onto almost any vertical surface, creating unique wall art murals. Without touching a wall, it blows micro drops of specially designed health safe in onto your wall, creating highly detailed digital image like any other inkjet printer.

 

Why are we different than other mural companies? The answer is, we create more innovative and creative murals with endless design solutions. Our advanced technology acts more like a human painter than a printer. So what does it do?

 

Our printer is an upgraded inkjet coder with an advanced printing head and specially designed support construction. Wall printer uses piezoelectric nozzle to create high quality image up to 1440dpi with a speed of up to 2 square meters per hour. Positioning X, Y and Z indicators help to track a printing head while moving along rails and keep accurate distance from the wall. Our murals become a part of your walls. They not like the typical decals you find online. You don’t need to stick anything to your wall. Our service is unique. Make a coffee and watch how we create a flawless piece of art on your wall.

 

We create an artwork up to your ideas, with our software we transform image into printable material for printer, we come to your home or business and it takes only 2-3 hours to finish a standard 2-3 square meter wall mural. Easy!