大阪大学で開催されたものに参加。マイクランも担当。
オンライン英語レッスンのレアジョブの教材にも文法を扱ったものがありましたが、単数/複数など、ややこしい。
記号の使い方も、基本的なことは学校教育でも扱っていないのでは？
セミコロンは、項目の列挙に使うと理解してましたが、そんなに単純ではなさそう？
以下、ごく一部書き取れたことのみ。
●Subject-verb agreement
- in number
Ninty percent of the respondents "were" examined.
One hundred milliters of the drug "was" ...
A number of patients "were"...
The number of .. "was" ...
- That or which?
英国とアメリカで受け入れられるのも異なるとか。
- Modifiers（修飾語句）: Based on
Based on our results, we conclude that...
この表現はOKだが、スタイルガイドではダメとされていることも。
理由は、文法的に間違い。"Based on" は単独では存在できないから。
→Our results indicate that...
→"On the basis of"
- Modifieres: Using
Clinicians treated the patients using ant-hypertensives.
→Clinicians used anti-hypertensives to treat the patients.
Using ELISA, patients were found to have ...
"Using" が後ろの文とどう関係しているか。
→ Using ELISA, we found that patients had...
→ ELISA showed that patients had...
- First-degree comparisons
Among adults younger than 50 years, men are 3.5 times as likely to die of sudden cardiac death compared with women.
→... men are 3.5 times as likely as women to die of sudden cardiac death.
- Second-degree comparisons
The ressponse in the treatment group was similar to the controls.
→ ...was similar to that in the controls.
-Comprise（...から成る）/compose（...を構成する）
(OK)
The orchestra comprises woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings.
The orchestra is composed of woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings.
-Due to/becase of
Due to the small number of .., we could not perform subgroup analysis.
→Because of the small number of ..,
"Due to" means "caused by", not "because of"
"Due to" は「結果」ということ?? 「理由」でなく??
-Case/patient
Thirteen cases reported...
→Thirteen patients reported...
"Case"は報告しない。
-Participant/subject
もし参加者が研究に involved なら "participant(s)"
-Association/relationship
BMI was related to cardiovascular events in participants with diabetes.
→ BMI was associated with cardiovascular...
"Association" is a statistical link.
"Relation" suggests a casual connection.
→ Smoking is related to lung cancer risk.
-Effectiveness/efficacy
(OK) The efficacy of the drug was confirmed in a phase III trial.
-Gender/sex
The gender ratio (male/female) for suicide differs by ...
→ The sex ratio ...
"Sex" は分類
"Gender" は自己表現に関連
---------
●Introduction to Punctuation（句読点）
-Examples
The woman is ill. She has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill; she has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill: she has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill－she has a fever and nausea.
-Close vs open punctuation
*) Open punctuation is better, but clarity is the most important.
-Uses of the comma
-Uses of the colon
The assessment comprised: ...
→The assessment ...
*)割合を示す時は、コロンの前後にスペースなし。
-Semicolon
*)ピリオドより、前後の文が近い場合。
-The em dash, en dash, hyphen
-hyphen
...あまりに複雑…。講師の助言も、まずは辞書を、から始まって…
オンライン英語レッスンのレアジョブの教材にも文法を扱ったものがありましたが、単数/複数など、ややこしい。
記号の使い方も、基本的なことは学校教育でも扱っていないのでは？
セミコロンは、項目の列挙に使うと理解してましたが、そんなに単純ではなさそう？
以下、ごく一部書き取れたことのみ。
●Subject-verb agreement
- in number
Ninty percent of the respondents "were" examined.
One hundred milliters of the drug "was" ...
A number of patients "were"...
The number of .. "was" ...
- That or which?
英国とアメリカで受け入れられるのも異なるとか。
- Modifiers（修飾語句）: Based on
Based on our results, we conclude that...
この表現はOKだが、スタイルガイドではダメとされていることも。
理由は、文法的に間違い。"Based on" は単独では存在できないから。
→Our results indicate that...
→"On the basis of"
- Modifieres: Using
Clinicians treated the patients using ant-hypertensives.
→Clinicians used anti-hypertensives to treat the patients.
Using ELISA, patients were found to have ...
"Using" が後ろの文とどう関係しているか。
→ Using ELISA, we found that patients had...
→ ELISA showed that patients had...
- First-degree comparisons
Among adults younger than 50 years, men are 3.5 times as likely to die of sudden cardiac death compared with women.
→... men are 3.5 times as likely as women to die of sudden cardiac death.
- Second-degree comparisons
The ressponse in the treatment group was similar to the controls.
→ ...was similar to that in the controls.
-Comprise（...から成る）/compose（...を構成する）
(OK)
The orchestra comprises woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings.
The orchestra is composed of woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings.
-Due to/becase of
Due to the small number of .., we could not perform subgroup analysis.
→Because of the small number of ..,
"Due to" means "caused by", not "because of"
"Due to" は「結果」ということ?? 「理由」でなく??
-Case/patient
Thirteen cases reported...
→Thirteen patients reported...
"Case"は報告しない。
-Participant/subject
もし参加者が研究に involved なら "participant(s)"
-Association/relationship
BMI was related to cardiovascular events in participants with diabetes.
→ BMI was associated with cardiovascular...
"Association" is a statistical link.
"Relation" suggests a casual connection.
→ Smoking is related to lung cancer risk.
-Effectiveness/efficacy
(OK) The efficacy of the drug was confirmed in a phase III trial.
-Gender/sex
The gender ratio (male/female) for suicide differs by ...
→ The sex ratio ...
"Sex" は分類
"Gender" は自己表現に関連
---------
●Introduction to Punctuation（句読点）
-Examples
The woman is ill. She has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill; she has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill: she has a fever and nausea.
The woman is ill－she has a fever and nausea.
-Close vs open punctuation
*) Open punctuation is better, but clarity is the most important.
-Uses of the comma
-Uses of the colon
The assessment comprised: ...
→The assessment ...
*)割合を示す時は、コロンの前後にスペースなし。
-Semicolon
*)ピリオドより、前後の文が近い場合。
-The em dash, en dash, hyphen
-hyphen
...あまりに複雑…。講師の助言も、まずは辞書を、から始まって…
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